Performances and emissions of a petroleum coke oil slurry engine

In order to solve the failure of fuel system when using petroleum coke oil slurry (PCOS) in a R180 diesel engine directly,a petroleum coke oil slurry fuel system (PCOSFS) was developed and installed in R180 engine,which was called PCOS engine.In order to analyze performances and emissions of the PCOS engine,a comparative experiment between PCOS engine fueled with PCOS and R180 engine fueled with diesel oil was carried out.The results show that the PCOS engine can run smoothly,the maximum output power decreases by about 6.2% and 19.0% and the maximum brake thermal efficiency reduces by around 5.85% and 4.13% as compared to R180 engine under the conditions of 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The HC emissions of PCOS engine are lower than those of R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and are close to those of R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The CO emissions are similar to R180 engine at 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The smoke intensity is close to R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and is higher than R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The particles emitted from PCOS engine array sparsely,but particles emitted from R180 engine array closely,cohering together.

Calculation on model of weakening hydrogen bond of thick oil of petroleum

The process of use catalyst or functional material that contains iron ion to weaken -O-H-O- hydrogen bond of the thick oil to reduce viscidity or crack, in aspects of the ion charge. covalent bond order, total energy and the average distance of Fe-O. is studied with density function theory and discrete variational method （DFT-DVM）, one of the first principle methods. With the decrease of the distance of Fe-O. the charge of Fe ion increases, the charge of hydrogen ion decreases, and hydrogen bond is weakened. There are obvious and more stable effects to use the catalyst that contains multiple metal ions or increase the catalyst amount in weakening hydrogen bond of the thick oil. This theoretic work is helpful to exploit and process the thick oil of petroleum and maybe overcome the crisis of petroleum energy is approaching to us.

Laboratory studies of rice bran as a carbon source to stimulate indigenous microorganisms in oil reservoirs

There is a great interest in developing cost-efficient nutrients to stimulate microorganisms in indigenous microbial enhanced oil recovery（IMEOR） processes.In the present study,the potential of rice bran as a carbon source for promoting IMEOR was investigated on a laboratory scale.The co-applications of rice bran,K2HPO4 and urea under optimized bio-stimulation conditions significantly increased the production of gases,acids and emulsifiers.The structure and diversity of microbial community greatly changed during the IMEOR process,in which Clostridium sp.,Acidobacteria sp.,Bacillus sp.,and Pseudomonas sp.were dominant.Pressurization,acidification and emulsification due to microbial activities and interactions markedly improved the IMEOR processes.This study indicated that rice bran is a potential carbon source for IMEOR.

Visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil catalyzed by SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)solid super-acid doped with Ni^(2+) or Sn^(2+)

SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2) solid super-acid catalysts(SZ)doped with Ni^(2+)or Sn^(2+)(Ni^(2+)/SZ,Sn^(2+)/SZ)were prepared for catalytic visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil from Shengli oil field.The visbreaking reactions were carried out at 240uC and 3–4 MPa for 24 h using a heavy petroleum oil to catalyst mass ratio of 100:0.05.The effect of water content on viscosity of heavy petroleum oil was also investigated.Both catalysts can promote thermolysis of heavy petroleum oil and the viscosity was reduced from 0.319 Pa·s to 0.135 Pa?s for Ni^(2+)/SZ and 0.163 Pa·s for(Sn^(2+)/SZ)with visbreaking rates of 57.7% and 48.9%,respectively.After visbreaking,the saturated hydrocarbon content increased while aromatics,resin,asphaltene,sulfur and nitrogen content decreased.The presence of water was disadvantageous to visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil.