Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

超声乳化术与小切口囊外摘除术对老年白内障疗效的比较

目的:评价超声乳化术和小切口非超声乳化囊外摘除术对老年性白内障患者的临床疗效差异以及对角膜内皮细胞的影响情况。方法:回顾性分析我院2009-01/2013-01收治的白内障复明工程患者296例,其中140例患者采用超声乳化白内障吸出术治疗,156例患者采用小切口白内障囊外摘除术治疗。分析比较两组患者治疗效果的差异以及术后角膜内皮细胞的变化情况。结果:术后3d超声乳化组患者视力和散光度均优于小切口非超声乳化组(P<0.05);两组患者手术前后角膜内皮细胞的损伤程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后1,3mo视力情况和散光度以及术中、术后并发症差异无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:小切口非超声乳化囊外摘除术和超声乳化术治疗白内障疗效基本相当,但其有着良好的经济性,适合在基层医院以及白内障复明工程中广泛开展。

超声乳化术对白内障模型犬的治疗研究

犬白内障是兽医临床的常见疾病,氧化损伤是其重要发病机制,目前较为有效的治疗方法是超声乳化术。鉴于国内对犬白内障疾病模型与治疗研究报道甚少,作者旨在对此进行探索和实践。选取健康成年犬15只,13只为模型组,2只为对照组。用H2O2稀释液造模,分别对其晶状体形态结构进行光镜与透射电镜观察;剩余10例左眼采用超声乳化术治疗,右眼作为对照;通过分析晶状体混浊比值、眼内压与每分钟泪液量来评估建模方法和手术疗效。结果表明:犬白内障模型成功建立,形态学上显示晶状体上皮细胞空泡化,线粒体空泡化;使用超声乳化术治疗白内障模型犬可使切口愈合,视力恢复良好。本研究证实晶状体混浊比值是反映犬白内障模型建立成功与否的重要指标之一;超声乳化术可治疗犬白内障,适宜临床推广应用。

双切口白内障超声乳化术联合青光眼小梁切除术的有效性和安全性

目的观察青光眼合并白内障患者采用双切口白内障超声乳化摘除术和人工晶状体植入术联合青光眼小梁切除术(双切口三联术)治疗的有效性和安全性。方法选取我院2013年1月至2015年6月期间收治的青光眼合并白内障患者62例(80眼),按随机数表法分为两组,观察组31例(40眼)予以双切口三联术治疗;对照组31例(40眼)予以单切口三联术治疗,比较两组患者术前、术后1个月、术后6个月的视力、眼压、术后过滤泡、散光以及术后并发症发生情况。结果两组患者术后1个月和6个月的视力和眼压均较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但组内比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者术后1个月和6个月的功能滤过泡眼数相当,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月,对照组患者散光较观察组增大(P<0.05),术后6个月,两组散光比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后合并症发生率为17.50%(7/40),与对照组的20.00%相当(8/40),差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于青光眼合并白内障患者,给予双切口白内障超声乳化摘除术和人工晶状体植入术联合青光眼小梁切除术治疗与单切口术式治疗疗效相当,其具有手术操作简单和术后并发症少的优点,值得临床推广应用。

分体注吸在外伤性白内障手术中应用的临床观察

目的:探讨利用超声乳化仪上的灌注/抽吸系统对外伤性白内障采取分体注吸的方式吸除皮质和软核质的临床效果。方法:前瞻性纳入2006/2007年在广西医科大学第一附属医院眼科住院的非复杂性外伤性白内障患者26例26眼作为试验组。回顾2004/2005年在该科住院施行双腔管术式的外伤性白内障病例26例26眼临床资料作为对照组,两组入选条件相近。结果:相对双腔管灌注/抽吸组,分体注吸组术中抽吸平均时间短、前房涌动次数少,术后最佳矫正视力较好、炎性反应较轻,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:利用超声乳化仪进行分体注吸,吸除外伤性白内障皮质和软核质安全而有效。

西藏林芝地区白内障发病特点及超声乳化术的疗效观察

目的分析西藏林芝地区白内障的发病特点并观察开展超声乳化手术的效果。方法通过门诊和下乡普查,随机抽取718例当地居民作为研究对象,按年龄段和性别分别计算白内障的发病率,同时计算各类白内障的构成百分比,随访3d～7个月比较白内障超声乳化手术前后的视力变化,观察术中和术后的并发症情况。结果 718例中有712例接受检查(受检率为99.2%),诊断为白内障203例(256眼),总患病率为28.5%。在256眼白内障患者中,老年性白内障228眼(89.1%),IV度及Ⅴ度硬核比例合计为36.3%。完成手术170眼,其中165眼一期植入了人工晶状体。术后视力提高5行(包括5行)以上者108眼(65.1%),提高2～5行者(包括2行)39眼(23.5%)。术中后囊膜破裂9眼(5.3%),术后角膜水肿26眼(15.3%)。结论西藏林芝地区白内障发病率明显高于同纬度的平原地区,白内障超声乳化技术适合在西藏地区推广。

围术期音乐疗法结合“治疗性倾听”的心理干预对老年白内障超声乳化术病人的影响

[目的]探讨围术期音乐疗法结合"治疗性倾听"的心理干预对老年白内障超声乳化术病人术后相关指标的影响。[方法]选取2016年6月—2018年6月在某院眼科接受白内障超声乳化术的老年病人268例(324只眼)为研究对象,根据病人入院号分为对照组134例(163只眼)和干预组134例(161只眼)。对照组白内障超声乳化术围术期实施常规护理,干预组在常规护理基础上实施音乐干预结合"治疗性倾听"的心理干预。比较两组病人术前1 d、术后第2天、术后第7天的焦虑及疼痛程度,比较两组病人干预前后的血压、心率和对手术的恐惧,术后1个月评估并比较两组病人干眼症状、泪膜的稳定性以及视觉相关的生活质量。[结果]术后第2天与术后第7天,干预组病人焦虑及疼痛评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,干预组病人血压及手术恐惧问卷(SFQ)评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);术后1个月,干预组病人眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)评分明显低于对照组,泪膜破裂时间测定(TBUT)时间明显长于对照组,25项美国国家眼科研究所视觉功能问卷调查(NEI-VFQ-25)评分明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]围术期音乐疗法结合"治疗性倾听"的心理干预能缓解病人术后疼痛、焦虑状况及减轻病人对手术的恐惧,有利于预防干眼症及保障泪膜稳定性,同时能有效提高病人视觉相关的生活质量。

超声乳化加人工晶体植入在葡萄膜炎并发白内障治疗中的应用效果分析

目的:分析超声乳化加人工晶体植入在葡萄膜炎并发白内障治疗中的应用效果。方法:选取我院2016年2月～2017年2月收治的80例葡萄膜炎并发白内障患者。将80例患者分为两组,对比两组患者的治疗效果和并发症发病率。结果:实验组患者治疗有效患者有31例,有效率为97.5%,对照组患者治疗有效有23例,有效率为80%,实验组患者治疗有效率明显高于对照组,P<0.05表示统计学有意义。结论:为葡萄膜炎并发白内障的患者采取超声乳化加人工晶体植入治疗,能够提高患者治疗效果,降低临床不良反应的发病率。

现代超声乳化仪的原理与选型

阐述了现代超声乳化仪的组成和原理,描述了蠕动泵、文丘里泵、双线性模式、冷超乳等先进技术的特点;在超声乳化仪的选型方面,重点介绍了国际上公认的眼科器械生产商的最新机型,即美国博士伦公司的Stellaris机型、美国眼力健公司的Signature机型以及美国爱尔康公司的Infiniti机型,为临床科室采购超声乳化设备提供了很好的选型依据。