Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently emerged as a new technique in various liver-related surgical fields. There are currently only a few systematic reviews that summarize the evidence of its impact. In order t...Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently emerged as a new technique in various liver-related surgical fields. There are currently only a few systematic reviews that summarize the evidence of its impact. In order to construct a systematic literature review of the applications and effects of 3D printing in liver surgery, we searched the PubMed, Embase and ScienceDirect databases for relevant titles, according to the PRISMA statement guidelines. We retrieved 162 titles, of which 32 met the inclusion criteria and are reported. The leading application of 3D printing in liver surgery is for preoperative planning. 3D printing techniques seem to be beneficial for preoperative planning and educational tools, despite their cost and time requirements, but this conclusion must be confirmed by additional randomized controlled trials.展开更多
Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) has become a useful diagnostic and therapeutic modality in gastrointestinal endoscopy.However,EUS requires additional training since it requires simultaneous endoscopic manipulation and...Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) has become a useful diagnostic and therapeutic modality in gastrointestinal endoscopy.However,EUS requires additional training since it requires simultaneous endoscopic manipulation and ultrasonographic interpretation.Obtaining adequate EUS training can be challenging since EUS is highly operator-dependent and training on actual patients can be associated with an increased risk of complications including inaccurate diagnosis.Therefore,several models have been developed to help facilitate training of EUS.The models currently available for EUS training include computer-based simulators,phantoms,ex vivo models,and live animal models.Although each model has its own merits and limitations,the value of these different models is rather complementary than competitive.However,there is a lack of objective data regarding the efficacy of each model with recommendations on the use of various training models based on expert opinion only.Therefore,objective studies evaluating the efficacy of various EUS training models on technical and clinical outcomes are still needed.展开更多
效率校准是人体内照射活体监测中的一个关键环节,是影响内污染活体测量准确性的一个重要因素。利用人体躯干物理模型的CT扫描图片和实验确定的探测器晶体尺寸,分别建立了三维人体数字模型和高纯锗探测器的计算模型,进而通过调用Geant4...效率校准是人体内照射活体监测中的一个关键环节,是影响内污染活体测量准确性的一个重要因素。利用人体躯干物理模型的CT扫描图片和实验确定的探测器晶体尺寸,分别建立了三维人体数字模型和高纯锗探测器的计算模型,进而通过调用Geant4工具包,编写了模拟肺部计数器的蒙特卡罗程序,用以校准计数器效率。在此基础上,结合ICRP生物动力学模型,模拟计算全身其他器官滞留核素对肺部计数器计数的贡献,研究核素在其他器官的分布对计数器效率的影响。结果表明:肺部计数器效率的蒙特卡罗校准结果与实验测量结果相对偏差为2.47%(对59.5 ke V)和-8.58%(对17.5 ke V);在摄入核素241Am的最初2天内和50天后,人体的实际探测效率要高于只考虑肺部滞留的探测效率,在其他器官分布的核素在肺部计数器的计数占总计数的60%以上,而在摄入中期(第3—50天),二者结果较为一致,AMAD为1μm时,其他器官内核素的计数小于20%,AMAD为5μm时,其他器官内核素的计数在30%以内。展开更多
文摘Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently emerged as a new technique in various liver-related surgical fields. There are currently only a few systematic reviews that summarize the evidence of its impact. In order to construct a systematic literature review of the applications and effects of 3D printing in liver surgery, we searched the PubMed, Embase and ScienceDirect databases for relevant titles, according to the PRISMA statement guidelines. We retrieved 162 titles, of which 32 met the inclusion criteria and are reported. The leading application of 3D printing in liver surgery is for preoperative planning. 3D printing techniques seem to be beneficial for preoperative planning and educational tools, despite their cost and time requirements, but this conclusion must be confirmed by additional randomized controlled trials.
文摘Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) has become a useful diagnostic and therapeutic modality in gastrointestinal endoscopy.However,EUS requires additional training since it requires simultaneous endoscopic manipulation and ultrasonographic interpretation.Obtaining adequate EUS training can be challenging since EUS is highly operator-dependent and training on actual patients can be associated with an increased risk of complications including inaccurate diagnosis.Therefore,several models have been developed to help facilitate training of EUS.The models currently available for EUS training include computer-based simulators,phantoms,ex vivo models,and live animal models.Although each model has its own merits and limitations,the value of these different models is rather complementary than competitive.However,there is a lack of objective data regarding the efficacy of each model with recommendations on the use of various training models based on expert opinion only.Therefore,objective studies evaluating the efficacy of various EUS training models on technical and clinical outcomes are still needed.
文摘效率校准是人体内照射活体监测中的一个关键环节,是影响内污染活体测量准确性的一个重要因素。利用人体躯干物理模型的CT扫描图片和实验确定的探测器晶体尺寸,分别建立了三维人体数字模型和高纯锗探测器的计算模型,进而通过调用Geant4工具包,编写了模拟肺部计数器的蒙特卡罗程序,用以校准计数器效率。在此基础上,结合ICRP生物动力学模型,模拟计算全身其他器官滞留核素对肺部计数器计数的贡献,研究核素在其他器官的分布对计数器效率的影响。结果表明:肺部计数器效率的蒙特卡罗校准结果与实验测量结果相对偏差为2.47%(对59.5 ke V)和-8.58%(对17.5 ke V);在摄入核素241Am的最初2天内和50天后,人体的实际探测效率要高于只考虑肺部滞留的探测效率,在其他器官分布的核素在肺部计数器的计数占总计数的60%以上,而在摄入中期(第3—50天),二者结果较为一致,AMAD为1μm时,其他器官内核素的计数小于20%,AMAD为5μm时,其他器官内核素的计数在30%以内。
