Research Progress of Pharmacognostical Identification and Chemical Composition of Pholidota cantonensis Rolfe.

Research progress of pharmacognostical identification and chemical composition of Pholidota cantonensis Rolfe. was reviewed. This paper will facilitate assurance of the safety of clinical treatment.

Systematic Evaluation of Pharmacognostic Identification of Polygonum capitatum

[Objectives] To investigate the systematic evaluation of pharmacognostic identification of Polygonum capitatum . [Methods] 10 batches of P. capitatum cultivated in Guizhou were chosen for plant samples. Macroscopical identification was conducted on plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. The P. capitatum powder was processed for physical and chemical distinction by FeCl 3 chromogenic reaction, hydrochloric acid magnesium powder reaction, AlCl 3 color development reaction and thin-layer chromatography.Microscope identification was carried out on the powder. Plant genome DNeasy Plant Kit was adopted for DNA molecular marker identification. [Results] The results showed that the stem of P. capitatum was tufted, the leaves were oval, 2 to 5 cm long, and 1 to 2 cm wide;the leaf apex was acute and cuneate at the base, the inflorescence was capitate, paired or solitary;the raceme was erect and nearly spherical, and the perianth was light red. Furthermore, for the chromogenic reaction of FeCl 3 ethanol extract of P. capitatum , appeared blue and turned to dark blue after long time storing at room temperature. For the reaction of hydrochloric acid magnesium powder, the alcohol extract of P. capitatum , exhibited deep red. In the color reaction of AlCl 3, the alcohol extract revealed yellow fluorescence under 360 nm UV lamp. Microscope identification of the powder displayed pollen grains, crystal sheath fibers, cellulose, vessels, starch grains, cork cells, and other characteristic fragments. In addition, DNA barcoding electrophoresis results showed that P. capitatum showed a clear and bright single band near 500 bp, and further sequencing results showed that the sequence differences were mainly concentrated in ITS1 and ITS2 region. [Conclusions] Systematic evaluation for the identification of P. capitatum is established, which combines with macroscopic identification, physicochemical identification, powder microscope identification, and DNA molecular identification. Finally, the original medicinal material is identified as P. capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don.

Pharmacognostic Identification of Euphorbia maculata L.and Its Related Species

[Objectives]To make pharmacognostic identification of Euphorbia maculata L.and its related species.[Methods]The classical pharmacognostic identification method was adopted.[Results]The four main medicinal materials are very similar,the fluff can be seen in E.maculata and Euphorbia thymifolia L.,but not in Euphorbia prostrata Ait.and Euphorbia taihsiensis(Chaw et Koutnik)Oudejians;the tissue structure is basically the same;except for E.taihsiensis without non-glandular hairs,the powder has secretory cells,laticifers,cells,calcium oxalate crystals,fibers,vessels,and seed coat fragments.Through ultrasonic extraction with 80%ethanol,extraction with isobutanol,extending with chloroform∶ethyl acetate∶formic acid(5∶3∶0.3),developing color with 3%aluminum trichloride ethanol solution,under ultraviolet light(365 nm),the fluorescent spots of the same color appeared on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance(quercetin,kaempferol).[Conclusions]It is not easy to distinguish the four medicinal materials by character identification and microscopic identification,while the thin-layer chromatography(TLC)is more reliable.

Pharmacognostic Identification of Borreriae Strictae Herba and Borreriae Latifoliae Herba

[Objectives]This study was conducted to identify and compare Borreria stricta(Linn.f.)G.Mey.and Borreria latifolia(Aubl.)K.Schum.,so as to provide a basis for their pharmacognostic identification.[Methods]The identification of B.stricta and B.latifolia was carried out by identification of origin,character identification,microscopic identification.[Results](i)Identification of origin:①B.stricta:B.stricta is an annual erect slender herb.The stem is quadrangular,rarely branched.The leaves are leathery,nearly sessile,fusiform or lanceolate bar-shaped,tapered at the top,narrowed at the base,and rough on both sides.When fresh,they are dark green.The stipules are nearly glabrous,and there are spines longer than the inflorescence at the top.②B.latifoli:B.latifoli is an annual loose stout herb,covered with hair.The stem is quadrangular,and has narrow wings on the edges.The leaves are elliptic or oval and oblong,yellow green when fresh.The stipules are membranous and covered with coarse bristles,and they have bristles longer than the sheath on the top.(ii)Character identification:①B.stricta:The roots of B.stricta has a rough,dense and hard texture with many transverse folds on the surface and many fiber thorns and cracks on the fracture surface.B.stricta tastes bitter.②B.latifoli:The roots of B.latifoli is slightly fleshy,flexible and hard to be broken.The stem is obviously quadrangular,hairy.B.latifoli tastes bitter and irritative.(iii)Microscopic identification:①B.stricta:The false annual rings are obvious in the cross section of the roots of B.stricta.The cross section of the stem looks like a round square with four short wings at the corners.Calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles can be seen in the leaf cross section.②B.latifoli:Calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles can be seen in the root and stem cross sections of B.latifoli.The cross section of the stem is unrepresentative square,with wide and long wings at the corners.In the cross section of leaves,non-glandular hairs can be seen in the upper and lower epidermis cells.[Conclusions]The above three identification methods can effectively identify B.stricta and B.latifolia.