Research Progress on Purification Process, Content Determination and Pharmacological Action of Atractylodin

Atractylodis Rhizoma comes from the dry rhizome of Atractylis lancea or Atractylodes chinensis in the Compositae family,and it is suitable for preventing and treating diseases such as cold,edema,night blindness and rheumatic arthralgia.Atractylodin is the main active component extracted and isolated from Atractylodis Rhizoma.A large number of studies have found that atractylodin has excellent drug activity in improving gastrointestinal emptying,anti-inflammation,inhibiting malignant tumor and reducing blood lipid.In this paper,the purification process and pharmacological activity of Atractylodin were summarized to provide a theoretical basis for basic research,clinical application and further development and utilization of atractylodin.

Theory of pleiotropic action of biologically active compounds and medicines—Basic principles and practical application

This article represents the main positions of the theory of pleiotropic action of biologically active compounds (BACs) and medicines, which has been designed by the author based on her own experimental researches. The term “pleiotropy” means the ability of the BACs and medicines to implement more than one mechanism of action resulting in the specific biological (pharmacological) effect. The interaction of these mechanisms forms a distinct pattern of biological response (pleiotropic pattern), which reflects the change in his character with the increased dose (concentration)-dependent efficacy of BACs and medicines. The article consists of description of different pleiotropic patterns established in experiments on the model of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by macrophages dependent on activity of specialized enzyme called Nox2-NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox2, EC 1.6.3.1). Moreover, it consists of explanation of pharmacodynamic nature of pleiotropic patterns by means of application Chou-Talalay median effect equalization and combination index (CI) theory. The novel theory explains unsolved until now universal aspects of activity BACs and medicines, such as slope angles of “dose-effect” dependences in the conditions relevant in vivo, and it is of fundamental interest. However, it has applications in experimental pharmacology, as it allows defining the choice of the individual compounds and combinations, modulating the trust effect selectively and efficiently. This knowledge opens up new approaches to medicines discovery and evaluation, their rational dosing and combining.

Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Amentoflavone

Amentoflavone(AMF)is a natural active substance extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Selaginella tamariscina,and has good anti-inflammatory,antitumor,hypoglycemic and neuroprotective pharmacological effects.This paper reviews the pharmacological action and mechanism of AMF,in order to lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth research and drug development of AMF.

Research progress in pharmacological actions of ginsenoside-Rg3

Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long medicinal history.Ginsenoside is the main compo⁃nent of ginseng,among which the ginsenoside-Rg3 possess higher medicinal value.The pharmacological studies reported that the ginsenoside-Rg3 exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions.For example,the ginsenoside-Rg3 exhibit an effective inhibitory effect against cancer and induce apoptosis,such as glioma,lung cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer,ovarian cancer,cervical cancer and so on.The anti-cancer effect will be significantly increased by combinning chemotherapy drugs with ginsenoside-Rg3.In addition,ginsenoside-Rg3 can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs,such as cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Furthermore,ginsenoside-Rg3 could reverse the multidrug resistance of cancer cells against anticancer drugs.What′s more,ginsenoid-Rg3 has several other pharmacological actions as follows.At first,ginsenoid-Rg3 appears to anti-fatigue effect by reversing the dopamine reduction induced by fatigue.Secondly,ginsenoid-Rg3 can reverse chemical-induced memory damage and improve memory to exert neuroprotective effect.Finally,ginsenoid-Rg3 can improve mitochondrial function and insulin tolerance in skeletal muscle,suggesting that ginsenoid-Rg3 can be used as a hypoglycemic drug.In this review,I present an overview of the pharmacological actions of ginsenoside-Rg3 to provide theoretical guidance for further development and utilization of ginsenoside-Rg3.

Instant-Form and Light-Front Hamiltonian and Path Integral Formulations of the Conformally Gauge-Fixed Polyakov D1-Brane Action in the Presence of a Scalar Axion Field and an <i>U</i>(1) Gauge Field

Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) and the light-front quantization (LFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The IFQ is studied in the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world-sheet time σ0=τ=constant and the LFQ in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time σ+= (τ+σ) =constant. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac in contrast to the instant-form theory. However, owing to the gauge anomalous nature of these theories, both of these theories are seen to lack the usual string gauge symmetries defined by the world-sheet reparametrization invariance (WSRI) and the Weyl invariance (WI). In the present work we show that these theories when considered in the presence of background gauge fields such as the NSNS 2-form gauge field Bαβ(σ,τ) or in the presence of U(1) gauge field Aα(σ,τ) and the constant scalar axion field C(σ,τ), then they are seen to possess the usual string gauge symmetries (WSRI and WI). In fact, these background gauge fields are seen to behave as the Wess-Zumino or Stueckelberg fields and the terms containing these fields are seen to behave as Wess-Zumino or Stueckelberg terms for these theories.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Action and Clinical Application of Stephania Tetrandrae Radix

Stephania Tetrandrae Radix is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines,which has bitter and pungent taste as well as cold properties. It can subside edema,get rid of rheumatism and relieve pain. Therefore,it is mainly used for the treatment of rheumatism arthralgia,edema,dysuria,athlete's foot,swollen wet sores and other diseases in traditional Chinese medicine( TCM). Stephania Tetrandrae Radix is mainly composed of dual-benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids,including tetrandrine,fangchinoline and so on. Modern pharmacology research shows that Stephania Tetrandrae Radix and its main components have a wide range of pharmacological activity in the anti-inflammatory,anti-pathogenic microorganisms,anti-tumor,anti-hypertension,anti-arrhythmia,anti-myocardial ischemia,anti-fibrosis,anti-silicosis,inhibiting scar and other aspects,with broad application prospect. Stephania Tetrandrae Radix is often applied with compatibility of other Chinese medicines in clinically,and has achieved obvious effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,cardiovascular disease,cancer,hypertension,liver ascites and other diseases. There are some representative prescriptions,such as Fangji Fuling decoction,Fangji Huangqi decoction,Jijiao Lihuang pill,Xuanbi decoction,compound Hanfangji granule and so on. In this paper,the pharmacological effects and clinical applications of Stephania Tetrandrae Radix in the past ten years are reviewed,providing the reference for its further development and application.

Pharmacological interventions targeting the microcirculation following traumatic spinal cord injury

Traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating disorder chara cterized by sensory,motor,and autonomic dysfunction that seve rely compromises an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living.These adve rse outcomes are closely related to the complex mechanism of spinal cord injury,the limited regenerative capacity of central neurons,and the inhibitory environment fo rmed by traumatic injury.Disruption to the microcirculation is an important pathophysiological mechanism of spinal cord injury.A number of therapeutic agents have been shown to improve the injury environment,mitigate secondary damage,and/or promote regeneration and repair.Among them,the spinal cord microcirculation has become an important target for the treatment of spinal cord injury.Drug inte rventions targeting the microcirculation can improve the microenvironment and promote recovery following spinal cord injury.These drugs target the structure and function of the spinal cord microcirculation and are essential for maintaining the normal function of spinal neuro ns,axons,and glial cells.This review discusses the pathophysiological role of spinal cord microcirculation in spinal cord injury,including its structure and histopathological changes.Further,it summarizes the progress of drug therapies targeting the spinal cord mic rocirc ulation after spinal cord injury.

Pharmacological Action and Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Liver Injury

According to the different types of liver damage,there should also be different Chinese medicine and dose for different degrees of treatment and protection.This paper studies the Chinese medicine treatment of different types of liver injury,and is expected to provide a reference for the further application of Chinese medicine in liver injury.

Transforming Data into Actionable Insights with Cognitive Computing and AI

How organizations analyze and use data for decision-making has been changed by cognitive computing and artificial intelligence (AI). Cognitive computing solutions can translate enormous amounts of data into valuable insights by utilizing the power of cutting-edge algorithms and machine learning, empowering enterprises to make deft decisions quickly and efficiently. This article explores the idea of cognitive computing and AI in decision-making, emphasizing its function in converting unvalued data into valuable knowledge. It details the advantages of utilizing these technologies, such as greater productivity, accuracy, and efficiency. Businesses may use cognitive computing and AI to their advantage to obtain a competitive edge in today’s data-driven world by knowing their capabilities and possibilities [1].

Research progress on modern pharmacological action of Radix bupleuri

Radix bupleuri is the dried root of Umbelliferae plants Bupleurem chinense DC.or Bupleurem scorzonerifolium Willd.,which are widely distributed in Northeast China,North China,Northwest China,East China,Hubei,Sichuan and other places.The plant roots are excavated in spring and autumn and dried with removing stems and leaves and sediment.Radix bupleuri,one of the oldest and most commonly used Chinese herbal medicine,has a long history of application,with high medicinal value.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Radix bupleuri has pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer,anti-depression,anti-inflammation,heart protection,liver protection,and kidney protection,and mainly plays an role in regulating apoptosis signaling pathway,inflammation signaling pathway,neuroendocrine system,oxidative stress signaling pathway,and fibrosis signaling pathway.This paper reviews the modern pharmacological effects of Radix bupleuri in recent years,in order to provide reference for better research,development and rational utilization of Bupleurum resources.

Securing Stock Transactions Using Blockchain Technology: Architecture for Identifying and Reducing Vulnerabilities Linked to the Web Applications Used (MAHV-BC)

This paper deals with the security of stock market transactions within financial markets, particularly that of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). The confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data in the stock market being crucial, the implementation of robust systems which guarantee trust between the different actors is essential. We therefore proposed, after analyzing the limits of several security approaches in the literature, an architecture based on blockchain technology making it possible to both identify and reduce the vulnerabilities linked to the design, implementation work or the use of web applications used for transactions. Our proposal makes it possible, thanks to two-factor authentication via the Blockchain, to strengthen the security of investors’ accounts and the automated recording of transactions in the Blockchain while guaranteeing the integrity of stock market operations. It also provides an application vulnerability report. To validate our approach, we compared our results to those of three other security tools, at the level of different metrics. Our approach achieved the best performance in each case.

Research Progress of Active Ingredients and Pharmacological Action of Honeysuckle

Honeysuckle, the dry flower bud or with open flower of Lonicerajaponica in caprifoliaceae, has been touted as a cure-all for heat-clearing and detoxifying effect. Honeysuckle contains abundant components such as volatile oil, flavonoids and organic acids, playing the role of antibiosis, antivirus, antiphlogosis, immunopotenfiation and antioxidation. The active ingredients and pharmacological action of honeysuckle are reviewed in the paper, so as to lay the foundation for further application of honeysuckle in veterinary clinic.

Light-Front Hamiltonian and Path Integral Formulations of the Conformally Gauge-Fixed Polyakov D1 Brane Action

In a recent paper we have studied the Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action in the instant-form of dynamics using the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world- sheet time . In the present work we quantize the same theory in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time , using the standard constraint quantization techniques in the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac, which is in contrast to the corresponding case of the instant-form theory, where the theory remains unconstrained in the sense of Dirac. The light-front theory is seen to possess a set of twenty six primary second-class contraints. In the present work Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of this theory are studied on the light-front.

Review on the Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Action of Ocimum basilicum

Ocimum basilicum has a history of several thousand years,the plant resources are rich,and there are many kinds of chemical constituents and pharmacological activity. In the face of the human body,it has a broad role in many ways. O. basilicum has a long history of folk application and research,and very high officinal,edible and economic value. Combining with modern analysis and detection technology,the effective parts of O. basilicum are studied and utilized. The discovery of new drugs will have important practical significance for the development and application of O. basilicum.

Advances in research on chemical constituents,pharmacological actions and processing of atractylodes macrocephala

Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contains volatile oil,atractylenolides,atractylodes polysaccharides,glycosides and amino acids.And it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,hidroschesis,miscarriage prevention and soon.In order to provide references for further development and utilization,this paper systematic arranged the Chinese medicine atractylodes chemical composition,pharmacological effects,processing technology and effect of processing technology on chemical composition and pharmacological action.

Analysis on the medication rules and mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cervical cancer

Objective: To summarize the rule of application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, and to explore the molecular mechanism of the compatibility of core herbs. Methods: Collect relevant literatures on cervical cancer in Chinese National Knowledgey Ifrastructure (CNKI), use TCM inheritance platform system (TCMISSV2.5) for association rules and complex system entropy clustering analysis;use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tools to construct target-pathway-disease network to reveal the underlying mechanisms of action. Results: Among the 78 prescriptions selected, a total of 172 Chinese medicines were used, and the five most frequently used herbs were Huang-bo (Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex), Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Gan-cao (Licorice). Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Huang-qi (Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.), Bai-hua-she-she-cao (Hedyotis Diffusae Herba) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos), Bai-zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.) and Fu-ling (Poria Cocos) are the three most commonly used medicine match. In addition, through cluster analysis, a total of 4 core herbs compatibility and 2 new prescriptions were excavated. Herbs in the new prescriptions which are used to clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness were most frequently used. Through the analysis of the signal pathway of high frequency Chinese medicines, we found that neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway may play important roles. Conclusion: The core Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer are mainly clearing heat-toxin and removing dampness. The core Chinese medicines may play their anti-cervical cancer by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway.

Chemospecific and Regioselective Ethereal Methyl-Oxygen Bond Cleavage Behavior of Aroylated Dimethoxynaphthalenes by Combined Action of AlCl₃and Aroyl Group

AlCl3-mediated cleavage of ethereal methyl–oxygen bond in aroylated 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene compounds proceeds chemospecifically and regioselectively. The ethereal bond at the β(2)-position of 1-monoaroylated 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene is cleaved readily and predominantly against the β(7)-position, whereas scission of β-ethereal bonds of 1,8-diaroylated 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene hardly undergoes like the non-aroylated mother frame compound of 2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene.

String Gauge Symmetries in the Conformally Gauge-Fixed Polyakov D1 Brane Action in the Presence of Background Gauge Fields

Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) and the light-front quantization (LFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The IFQ is studied in the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world- sheet time σ0 = τ = constant and the LFQ in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time . The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac in contrast to the instant-form theory. However, owing to the gauge anomalous nature of these theories, both of these theories are seen to lack the usual string gauge symmetries defined by the world-sheet reparametrization invariance (WSRI) and the Weyl invariance (WI). In the present work we show that these theories when considered in the presence of background gauge fields such as the NSNS 2-form gauge field or in the presence of gauge field and the constant scalar axion field , then they are seen to possess the usual string gauge symmetries (WSRI and WI). In fact, these background gauge fields are seen to behave as the Wess-Zumino/Stueckelberg fields and the terms containing these fields are seen to behave as Wess-Zumino or Stueckelberg terms for these theories.

BCCLR:A Skeleton-Based Action Recognition with Graph Convolutional Network Combining Behavior Dependence and Context Clues

In recent years,skeleton-based action recognition has made great achievements in Computer Vision.A graph convolutional network(GCN)is effective for action recognition,modelling the human skeleton as a spatio-temporal graph.Most GCNs define the graph topology by physical relations of the human joints.However,this predefined graph ignores the spatial relationship between non-adjacent joint pairs in special actions and the behavior dependence between joint pairs,resulting in a low recognition rate for specific actions with implicit correlation between joint pairs.In addition,existing methods ignore the trend correlation between adjacent frames within an action and context clues,leading to erroneous action recognition with similar poses.Therefore,this study proposes a learnable GCN based on behavior dependence,which considers implicit joint correlation by constructing a dynamic learnable graph with extraction of specific behavior dependence of joint pairs.By using the weight relationship between the joint pairs,an adaptive model is constructed.It also designs a self-attention module to obtain their inter-frame topological relationship for exploring the context of actions.Combining the shared topology and the multi-head self-attention map,the module obtains the context-based clue topology to update the dynamic graph convolution,achieving accurate recognition of different actions with similar poses.Detailed experiments on public datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better results and realizes higher quality representation of actions under various evaluation protocols compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Light-Front Hamiltonian and Path Integral Formulations of the Conformally Gauge-Fixed Polyakov D1 Brane Action with a Scalar Dilation Field

Recently we have studied the instant-form quantization (IFQ) of the conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action with and without a scalar dilaton field using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations in the equal world-sheet time framework on the hyperplanes defined by the world- sheet time σ0=τ=constant . The light-front quantization (LFQ) of this theory without a scalar dilaton field has also been studied by us recently. In the present work we study the LFQ of this theory in the equal light-cone world-sheet time framework, on the hyperplanes of the light-front defined by the light-cone world-sheet time σ+=τ+σ=constant , using the Hamiltonian and path integral formulations. The light-front theory is seen to be a constrained system in the sense of Dirac. The light-front theory is seen to possess a set of twenty seven primary second-class contraints. In the present work Hamiltonian and path integral quantizations of this theory are studied on the light-front.