Preparation Process,Pharmacological Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Valepotriate

In recent years,with the continuous development of the medicinal value of valepotriate and the great attention of scholars.The traditional extraction and purification process can no longer meet the current market standards and needs.The modern technology of valepotriate is of great significance to its application and development.This paper reviews the extraction and purification process,molding process and pharmacological activity of valepotriate,providing a theoretical basis for the research and application of valepotriate.

Purification Process,Content Determination,Pharmacological Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Neogambogic Acid

Neogambogic acid is characterized by broad antitumor spectrum,good antitumor effect and low toxicity and side effects.This paper reviews the purification process,content determination and pharmacologic activity of neogambogic acid,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the research and application of neogambogic acid.

A review of pharmacological activity and application potential in food of tea polyphenols

Tea polyphenols(TP)is a class of polyhydroxy compounds isolated from tea.Modern biological and medical studies have shown that TP has many pharmacological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-virus,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and anti-radiation.Furthermore,these substances can be used as a potential drug component to positively guide the occurrence and development of certain diseases.Furthermore,because of the activities of TP,such as anti-oxidation and anti-bacteria,it can be applied in food preservation,color preservation,deodorization,and treatment of food processing by-products.Based on the research progress of TP in recent years,this paper summarizes the pharmacological activities of TP and expounds on its application potential in the field of food.In order to provide a theoretical reference for the research,development and utilization of TP.

Advances in Research of Components,Pharmacological Activity and Clinical Application of Vicatia thibetica de Boiss

Vicatia thibetica de Boiss is a Tibetan medicinal herb and mainly contains chemical components such as flavonoids,β-sitosterol and ferulic acid.It has good pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-fatigue,anti-oxidation,anti-aging and enhancing immunity.Based on relevant domestic and foreign literature,this paper comprehensively reviews the main components,pharmacological activity and clinical prescription application of V.thibetica de Boiss,to provide a reference for the in-depth research and comprehensive development and utilization of V.thibetica de Boiss.

In vitro Pharmacological Activity of Chromenes in Disk of Helianthus annuus

[Objectives]The anti-tumor,anti-bacterial,anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-α-glucosidase activity in vitro of five chromenes isolated from Helianthus annuus disk was studied,in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of H.annuus disk resources.[Methods]The effect of different concentrations of chromenes on the survival rate of leukemia HL-60 cells,lung cancer A549 cells,liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells,breast cancer MCF-7 cells and colon cancer SW480 cells was detected by MTS method,and the IC50 was calculated.The inhibitory activity of chromenes against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus subsp.aureus,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans was detected by microdilution method.The DTNB substrate method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of chromenes on acetylcholine.The PNPG substrate method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of chromenes onα-glucosidase.[Results]The five chromenes had no obvious in vitro inhibitory activity on the five kinds of tumor cells,with IC50 greater than 40μM.The five chromenes had no obvious in vitro inhibitory activity against the four kinds of bacteria and C.albicans.The five chromenes had certain inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase,and among them,6-acetyl-2,2-dimethylchromene and 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylchromene showed strong inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase,with IC50 of 28.253 and 16.945μM,respectively,both smaller than that(0.275μM)of the positive control tacrine(P<0.01).The five chromenes showed good inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase,and among them,7-hydroxy-6-hydroxyacetyl-2,2-dimethylchromene and 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylchromene had stronger inhibitory activity,with IC50 of 20.240 and 21.052μM,respectively,significantly better than that(169.780μM)of the positive control acarbose(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The five chromenes in H.annuus disk have certain in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase andα-glucosidase and certain potential in fighting neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes.

Biomass-derived carbon dots with pharmacological activity for biomedicine:Recent advances and future perspectives

Carbon dots(CDs),a type of nanoparticle with excellent optical properties,good biocompatibility,and small size,are finding increasing application across the fields of biology and biomedicine.In recent years,biomass-derived CDs with pharmacological activity(BP-CDs)derived from herbal medicines(HMs),HMs extracts and other natural products with demonstrated pharmaceutical activity have attracted particular attention.Herein,we review recent advances in the development of BP-CDs,covering the selection of biomass precursors,different methods used for the synthesis of BP-CDs from natural sources,and the purification of BP-CDs.Additionally,we summarize the many remarkable properties of BP-CDs including optical properties,biocompatibility and pharmaceutical efficacy.Moreover,the antibacterial,antiviral,anticancer,biosensing,bioimaging,and other applications of BP-CDs are reviewed.Thereafter,we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of BP-CDs and Western drug-derived CDs,highlighting the excellent performance of BP-CDs.Finally,based on the current state of research on BP-CDs,we suggest several aspects of BP-CDs that urgently need to be addressed and identify directions that should be pursued in the future.This comprehensive review on BP-CDs is expected to guide the precise design,preparation,and future development of BP-CDs,thereby advancing the application of BP-CDs in biomedicine.

Chemical composition and pharmacological activity of seco-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenes

The seco-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenes(SPS),as a special class of sesquiterpenes with a highly oxidative five-ring cage structure and seven consecutive chiral centers,are isolated from the genus Illicium,which have a variety of biological activities,including neurotoxicity and neurotrophic effects,etc.This review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of SPS,and discusses the potential trend and scope of future research.

Gentiana macrophylla Pall.:a review of the basic source,traditional use,chemical components,pharmacological activities and quality control

Gentiana macrophylla Pall.(G.macrophylla),whose genus and family belong to the Gentianaceae and Gentiana.The main distribution centers of G.macrophylla resources were the Loess Plateau and the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.G.macrophylla,as a traditional medicine,has a long history and was used in different ethnic medicines.Its roots were used in traditional Chinese medicine,which had the effect of anti-inflammatory,anti-rheumatism,antiviral,promote blood circulation,eliminate swelling and pain,while its flowers were used in traditional Mongolian medicine,which had the effect of removing“Xieriwusu”(“Xieriwusu”means rheumatism),antiviral,reducing swelling.From previous studies,it could be found that there were more than forty components isolated and identified from G.macrophylla.The main chemical components were iridoids,flavonoids,triterpenoids,steroids,phenylpropanoids,and alkaloids.Iridoid terpenoid components represented by gentiopicroside and Loganic acid were the main components of the root of G.macrophylla,which had anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,analgesic,antibacterial and promote gastrointestinal tract activities.The flower mainly contains isoorientin and isovitexin as the representative of flavonoids.They have anti-tumor,liver protection,heart protection,inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and inhibition of melanin.It could be seen from previous studies that the research on G.macrophylla was mainly focused on the root,and the flower was rarely studied.It was reported that the experimental data of the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of G.macrophylla flowers show that its curative effect was very good.Therefore,the flowers of the flower of G.macrophylla can be used as potential medicinal parts for research.Given that flavonoids are mostly found in flowers and exhibit a range of functions,it is possible to investigate the flowers in order to learn more about G.macrophylla’s potential medical benefits.Based on botanical books,Chinese classic texts,medical monographs and academic search engines(Google,Google Scholar,Web of Science,SciFinder,Pubmed,CNKI,Sci-hub,Elsevier and Wanfang),the data and information on G.macrophylla in the past 20 years are inquired and summarized comprehensively.The basic source,traditional use,chemical composition,biological activity,pharmacodynamics and quality control of G.macrophylla was systematically reviewed,in order to provide reliable basis for the subsequent development and utilization of G.macrophylla.

Pharmacological effects of volatile oil from chrysanthemum and its associated mechanisms:a review

Volatile oil(VO)is the main chemical component of common plants in Chrysanthemum genus,and it possesses several beneficial pharmacological properties,including bacteriostatic,antioxidant,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,antipyretic,analgesic,antiosteoporotic,antihypertensive,sedative,and hypnotic effects.To date,research on the effective components of Chrysanthemum extract has mainly focused on flavonoids,whereas limited data are available on the chemical constituents and underlying mechanisms of action of the VO components.In this review,the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of VO are comprehensively reviewed with the aim of providing a foundation for further development for medicinal,aromatherapy,and diet therapy applications.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lonicerae japonicae

Lonicera japonica,also known as honeysuckle,is an evergreen shrub in the family of Syzygium.By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases,79 related articles were found,of which 22 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activity.These articles show that L.japonica has a wide range of pharmacological activities,including antiviral,anti-tumor,and antioxidant effects.These activities have important applications in the pharmaceutical,food,and fragrance industries.This review focuses on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of L.japonicae,which is of great significance to the development of new drugs and therapeutic methods.

Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the Phellodendron chinense Schneid

Phellodendron chinense Schneid(P.chinense),as a traditional Chinese medicine,is commonly used in clinical practice.It has the effects of drying dampness,clearing heat,detoxifying,purging fire,and reducing swelling.Its main chemical components are flavonoids and alkaloids,which have various pharmacological effects such as lowering blood sugar,lowering blood pressure and immunosuppression.With the continuous development of modern science and technology,the research on P.chinense Schneid has increased.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of P.chinense Schneid,and provides reference for its further research and development.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Croton crassifolius

Croton crassifolius(CC)is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine rich in terpenoids,with among which diterpene species are the most.CC had biological activities in the treatment of cancer,inflammation,ulcerative colitis,osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease.This study reviews the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of CC to provide reference for further research.

Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Atractylodes lancea:A review

Atractylodes lancea(called Cangzhu in China)is a medicinal plant that has long been used as tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia,especially in China,for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction,cancer,osteoporosis,obesity and fetal irritability.We used the TCMSP database to search for the main active ingredients and traditional Chinese medicine targets of Atractylodes macrocephala.There are a total of 38 related articles,of which 27 are closely related to chemical composition and activity.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of A.lancea,aiming to provide reference for its further research and development.

Phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of Aegle marmelos Linn

Aegle marmelos Linn.（Rutaceae）, commonly known as ＂bael＂ in Nepal and India, is a valuable medicinal plant and is considered sacred by the Hindus. It is used to cure several diseases in the Indian traditional medicine system of Ayurveda and has had similar uses among many ethnic communities residing in Indian subcontinent for over 5000 years. Its leaves, bark, stem, fruits and seeds have been used for various medicinal purposes. Bael fruits are especially effective in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, dysentery and peptic ulcers, while they are also useful as a laxative and cure for respiratory infections. Scientific studies have validated many of the ethnomedicinal uses of A. marmelos, which include antibacterial,antiviral, antidiarrheal, gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative colitis, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cardioprotective and radioprotective effects. Recently, this plant has also received attention as an anticancer agent for the treatment of various types of cancers. Thus, this review focuses on scientific evidence verifying the important pharmacological activity such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective,cardioprotective and anticancer activity of A. marmelos.

Purification Process and Biological Activity of Daphnoretin

Daphnoretin,belonging to coumarin compounds,is the main active ingredient of Wikstroemia indica,and has anti-inflammatory,anti-depression,anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities.This article reviews the extraction and purification process,content determination methods and pharmacological activity of daphnoretin,in order to provide a theoretical reference for optimization of purification process,improvement of content determination technique and further clinical application of daphnoretin.

Study on the pharmacological activities and chemical structures of Viburnum dilatatum

Viburnum dilatatum(jiami in Chinese),belonging to the Caprifollaceae family,is widely distributed in Japan and China.Phytochemical investigations of Viburnum dilatatum(V.dilatatum)have resulted in the isolation of triterpenoids,phenolic glycosides essential oil,norisoprenoids,etc.Research results have shown that the chemical constituents of V.dilatatum possess various pharmacological activities,including antihyperglycemic,antioxidant activity and antiulcer effects.This study reviewed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of V.dilatatum to provide practical and useful information for further research and development of this plant.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu

In order to develop and utilize the tropical medicinal resource Amomum(A.)longiligulare T.L.Wu more reasonably and effectively,this paper summarizes the research progress in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of A.longiligulare by consulting the literatures,so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for exploring its material basis.The chemical constituents of A.longiligulare mainly include volatile oil,diphenylheptane and flavonoids,which have good efficacy in anti-peptic ulcer,as well as antioxidant,analgesic and other pharmacological activities.This paper briefly discusses the reasons for the differences in the composition of volatile oil studied by different scholars.By summarizing its pharmacological activities,it is found that its various pharmacological activities may be the basis of its anti-peptic ulcer.

Quinones from Cordia species from 1972 to 2023:isolation,structural diversity and pharmacological activities

Plants of the genus Cordia(Boraginaceae family)are widely distributed in the tropical regions of America,Africa,and Asia.They are extensively used in folk medicine due to their rich medicinal properties.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the isolation,structure,biogenesis,and biological properties of quinones from Cordia species reported from 1972 to 2023.Meroterpenoids were identified as the major quinones in most Cordia species and are reported as a chemotaxonomic markers of the Cordia.In addition to this property,quinones are reported to display a wider and broader spectrum of activities,are efficient scaffold in biological activity,compared to other classes of compounds reported in Cordia,hence our focus on the study of quinones reported from Cordia species.About 70 types of quinones have been isolated,while others have been identified by phytochemical screening or gas chromatography.Although the biosynthesis of quinones from Cordia species is not yet fully understood,previous reports suggest that they may be derived from geranyl pyrophosphate and an aromatic precursor unit,followed by oxidative cyclization of the allylic methyl group.Studies have demonstrated that quinones from this genus exhibit antifungal,larvicidal,antileishmanial,anti-inflammatory,antibiofilm,antimycobacterial,antioxidant,antimalarial,neuroinhibitory,and hemolytic activities.In addition,they have been shown to exhibit remarkable cytotoxic effects against several cancer cell lines which is likely related to their ability to inhibit electron transport as well as oxidative phosphorylation,and generate reactive oxygen species(ROS).Their biological activities indicate potential utility in the development of new drugs,especially as active components in drug-carrier systems,against a broad spectrum of pathogens and ailments.

A review of research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Elephantopus tomentosus L.

Elephantopus tomentosus,belonging to the genus Elephantopus,is widely distributed in the coastal areas of southern China and tropical regions,used locally as traditional folk medicine.Previous phytochemistry studies on Elephantopus tomentosus led to the isolation of sesquiterpenoids,triterpenoids,flavonoids and other compounds.Research has shown that these compounds possess multiple biological activities,which have attracted great attention of researchers worldwide.This study reviews the chemical constituents and biological activities of the Elephantopus tomentosus in order to better explore and utilize Elephantopus tomentosus.

Licorice:comprehensive review of its chemical composition,pharmacodynamics,and medicinal value

Licorice,a perennial herb of Leguminosa,is one of the oldest and most widely used herbal medicines worldwide.Its distinct sweet flavor and rich medicinal value make it an integral component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulations,which continue to be widely employed.The main chemical constituents of licorice include triterpenoid saponins,flavonoids,and polysaccharides.Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that various extracts and pure compounds derived from licorice exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiviral,antitumor,immune-regulatory,and neuroprotective activities.The bioactive constituents of licorice offer therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,diabetes mellitus,and liver disorders.This comprehensive review discusses the primary chemical constituents of licorice and their pharmacological activities,describes in vivo and in vitro models employed for studying licorice,and its potential targets and mechanisms of action.Furthermore,we discuss the toxicological profile,side effects,dosage recommendations,and clinical applications of licorice.This review aims to establish a foundation for further research on the safe and effective utilization of licorice while facilitating an in-depth exploration of its properties and fostering the development of novel therapeutic agents.