A Quantitative Method of Detecting Transient Rossby Wave Phase Speed:No Evidence of Slowing Down with Global Warming

Based on the Complex Empirical Orthogonal Functions(CEOFs)of bandpass-filtered daily streamfunction fields,a quantitative method of detecting transient(synoptic)Rossby wave phase speed(RWPhS)is presented.The transient RWPhS can be objectively calculated by the distance between a high(or low)center in the real part of a CEOF mode and its counterpart in the imaginary part of the same CEOF mode divided by the time span between two adjacent peaks(or bottoms)of two principal component curves for the real and imaginary parts of that CEOF mode.The new detection method may partly reveal the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of Rossby wave prorogation.Although the mean westerly jet at 200 hPa doubles the speed of its counterpart at 500 hPa,the estimated RWPhS at both levels are around 1000 km d^(–1)and quantitatively consistent with the quasigeostrophic-theory-based RWPhS,confirming that the meridional potential vorticity gradient induced by the barotropic and baroclinic shears of mean flow,together with theβeffect,play an essential role in Rossby wave propagation.Both observations over the past four decades and a 150-year historical simulation suggest no evidence for slowing wintertime transient Rossby waves in the Northern Hemisphere,but possible regional changes are not excluded.We emphasize that not only the mean flow speed,but also the barotropic and baroclinic shears of the mean flow,and their associated contributions to the meridional potential vorticity(PV)gradient,should be considered in investigating the possible change of Rossby waves with global warming.

Effect of vertical overturning circulation scale and moist static energy tendency on MJO phase speed

本文通过对1979-2019年ERA-I再分析资料进行诊断分析,研究了MJO垂直环流(VOC)纬向尺度和湿静力能(MSE)趋势纬向不对称性对MJO传播速度的综合影响.研究结果表明,MJO传播速度与VOC的纬向尺度和MSE趋势纬向梯度之间存在显著的正相关关系.基于上述两个参数,本文建立了线性回归模型,该模型可以较好的估计MJO的传播速度.本文对上述结果在不同的地理区域(120°-140°E)进行了敏感性测试.MJO传播速度仍然与这两个参数之间有显著的正相关关系.

Phase transition on speed limit traffic with slope

Through introducing a generalized optimal speed function to consider spatial position, slope grade and variable safe headway, the effect of slope in a single-lane highway on the traffic flow is investigated with the extended optimal speed model. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the flux of the whole road with the upgrade （or downgrade） increases linearly with density, saturates at a critical density, then maintains this saturated value in a certain density range and finally decreases with density. The value of saturated flux is equal to the maximum flux of the upgrade （or downgrade） without considering the slight influence of the driver＇s sensitivity. And the fundamental diagrams also depend on sensitivity, slope grade and slope length. The spatiotemporal pattern gives the segregation of different traffic phases caused by the rarefaction wave and the shock wave under a certain initial vehicle number. A comparison between the upgrade and the downgrade indicates that the value of saturated flux of the downgrade is larger than that of the upgrade under the same condition. This result is in accordance with the real traffic.

STUDY ON CRYOGENIC PHASE CHANGE & WEAR CHARACTERISTIC OF HIGH SPEED STEEL

The microscopic structure change rule in high speed steel (HSS) after an additional cryogenic treatment was studied in this paper. Highly dispersed nano-carbide (η-Fe2 C) separated from tempering martensite was found distributed on twin planes of marten-site and dislocation places. Retained austenite was found sheared into martensite and nano-carbide separated at the same time. In addition, the tempering martensite was fine-grained. The stated changes of HSS evidently improve the lifespan of HSS cutter and fully show the advantages of nano-structure. The cryogenic treatment of HSS also improves the roughness of HSS cutter (decrease Ra number by about 50%) and greatly increases the wear resistance of HSS cutter. Further experiments on the wear characteristic of HSS cutter supported the findings mentioned above. The stated HSS treatment technology would implement nano-structure of traditional tool steel through phase change. It could be a new method to improve the performance of HSS cutter.

Characteristics of Sb6Te4/VO2 Multilayer Thin Films for Good Stability and Ultrafast Speed Applied in Phase Change Memory

The Sb6 Te4/VO2 multilayer thin films are prepared by magnetron sputtering and the potential application in phase change memory is investigated in detail. Compared with Sb6 Te4, Sb6 Te4/VO2 multilayer composite thin films have higher phase change temperature and crystallization resistance, indicating better thermal stability and less power consumption. Also, Sb6 Te4/VO2 has a broader energy band of 1.58 eV and better data retention （125℃ for 103/）. The crystallization is suppressed by the multilayer interfaces in Sbf Te4/VO2 thin film with a smaller rms surface roughness for Sbf Te4/VO2 than monolayer Sb4Te6. The picosecond laser technology is applied to study the phase change speed. A short crystallization time of 5.21 ns is realized for the Sb6Te4 （2nm）/VO2 （8nm） thin film. The Sb6 Te4/VO2 multilayer thin film is a potential and competitive phase change material for its good thermal stability and fast phase change speed.

MICROPROCESSOR BASED PHASELOCKED LOOP SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AC MOTOR

In this paper the authors present an analysis and the implementation of microprocessor-baseddigital phase-locked loop speed control system for an induction motor which is actuated by aSPWM-GTR inverter.The system is controlled by a 16-bit single chip microprocessor.A new type of frequency and phase detector is presented in detail,An adaptive method isadopted in speed controller.A three mode control scheme is used.These techniques are very use-ful to the improvement of the dynamic behavior of digital AC motor drive system.Experimental results show that the system is of good stability,high precision and good dynam-ic performance.

Effect of casting technology on microstructure and phases of high carbon high speed steel

The as-cast microstructures of high carbon high speed steels(HC-HSS) made by sand casting,centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting,respectively,were studied by using of optical microscopy(OM) and D/max2200pc X-ray diffraction.The results show that the microstructure of as-cast HC-HSS is dominated by alloy carbides(W2C,VC,Cr7C3),martensite and austenite.The centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting apparently improve the solidification structure of HC-HSS.With the increase of magnetic intensity(B),the volume fraction of austenite in the HC-HSS solidification structure increases significantly while the eutectic ledeburite decreases.Moreover,the secondary carbides precipitated from the austenite are finer with more homogeneous distribution in the electromagnetic centrifugal castings.It has also been found that the lath of eutectic carbide in ledeburite becomes finer and carbide phase spacing in eutectic ledeburite increases along with the higher magnetic field strength.

Daqing Oilfield Liquid Phase Underbalanced Drilling Improving Drilling Speed Evaluation Method

Factors affecting the drilling speed are very complex, such as formation factor (layers lithology, depth, porosity and reservoir pressure), fluid density, drilling parameters (bit pressure and speed), drill types, etc. Although liquid phase underbalanced drilling technology is to increase the penetration rate and shorten the drilling cycle, there is no evaluation model currently, so we cannot evaluate which factors can have a greater impact on speed. Based on the establishment of equivalent density and improvement of ROP (Rate of Penetration) calculation model, this paper is about the application of underbalanced drilling technology to improve drilling speed multiple sizes.

Single Phase Induction Motor Drive with Restrained Speed and Torque Ripples Using Neural Network Predictive Controller

In industrial drives, electric motors are extensively utilized to impart motion control and induction motors are the most familiar drive at present due to its extensive performance characteristic similar with that of DC drives. Precise control of drives is the main attribute in industries to optimize the performance and to increase its production rate. In motion control, the major considerations are the torque and speed ripples. Design of controllers has become increasingly complex to such systems for better management of energy and raw materials to attain optimal performance. Meager parameter appraisal results are unsuitable, leading to unstable operation. The rapid intensification of digital computer revolutionizes to practice precise control and allows implementation of advanced control strategy to extremely multifaceted systems. To solve complex control problems, model predictive control is an authoritative scheme, which exploits an explicit model of the process to be controlled. This paper presents a predictive control strategy by a neural network predictive controller based single phase induction motor drive to minimize the speed and torque ripples. The proposed method exhibits better performance than the conventional controller and validity of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results using MATLAB software.

A Digital Phase Locked Loop Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Drive: Performances Analysis

This paper deals with performance analysis and implementation of a three phase inverter fed induction motor (IM) drive system. The closed loop control scheme of the drive utilizes the Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL). The DPLL is safely implemented all around the well known integrated circuit DPLL 4046. An ex-perimental verification is carried out on one kw scalar controlled IM system drives for a wide range of speeds and loads appliance. This presents a simple and high performance solution for industrial applications.

Performance analysis of 20 Pole 1.5 KW Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for low Speed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

This paper gives performance analysis of a three phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) connected to a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). Low speed wind condition (less than 5 m/s) is taken in consideration and the entire simulation is carried in Matlab/Simulink environment. The rated power for the generator is fixed at 1.5 KW and number of pole at 20. It is observed under low wind speed of6 m/s, a turbine having approximately1 mof radius and2.6 mof height develops 150 Nm mechanical torque that can generate power up to 1.5 KW. The generator is designed using modeling tool and is fabricated. The fabricated generator is tested in the laboratory with the simulation result for the error analysis. The range of error is about 5%-27% for the same output power value. The limitations and possible causes for error are presented and discussed.

高铁开通对农民幸福感的影响研究

近年来,高速铁路建设蓬勃发展,给人们生活带来了诸多便利。本文基于CFPS三期平衡面板数据,运用多期DID模型,探究了高铁开通对农民幸福感的作用及影响机制。研究结果表明:高铁开通提升了农民的幸福感,且该结论通过运用工具变量法、更换被解释变量的测量方法、更换解释变量的测量方法和运用PSM-DID模型后结果仍然稳健;影响机制检验显示,县域高铁开通通过增加农民家庭人均收入、提高医疗资源可获得性和提高农民旅游消费意愿,进而提升了农民的幸福感。因而,政府应当充分考虑地区实际发展情况和现实需求,实行宏观考虑、合理统筹与科学规划,促使更多的资源要素通过高铁线路从东部、中部地区向西部地区流动,让更多农民切实享受到交通设施建设带来的“增福效应”。

On the Existence of a Minimum Universal Speed of Physical Transmissions Associated with Matter Wave in Special Relativity

In this work, we show that it is possible to establish coordinate transformations between inertial reference frames in the theory of special relativity with a minimum universal speed of physical transmissions. The established coordinate transformations, referred to as modified Lorentz transformations because they have almost identical form to the Lorentz transformations, also comply with the requirement of invariance of the Minkowski line element. Particularly, the minimum universal speed can be associated with the phase speed of de Broglie matter wave. As application, we also discuss the possibility to formulate relativistic classical and quantum mechanics for the special relativity associated with the modified Lorentz transformations, which describes physical processes that represent an expansion or a collapsing of massive quantum particles.

适合渗透海床波浪运动的三维Boussinesq型方程

为考虑孔隙介质对波浪传播变形带来的衰减效应,在渗透介质流体的控制方程中引入线性阻力、非线性阻力和惯性力。自由表面采用精确的运动学和动力学边界条件,水底边界条件采用精确的动力学边界条件,自由水体和渗透介质水体之间满足垂向速度连续、水平速度满足动量相等条件。首先推导最高空间导数为3的以两组计算速度表达的适合单层渗透海床波浪运动的三维Boussinesq型水波方程。其次,对新给出的方程进行傅里叶分析,并将方程的相速度及衰减率与Stokes线性波的解析解进行比较。在1%误差下,相对水深h_(2)/h_(1)=0.1~10,方程的解析解在无因次水深h_(1)/L<1.0(深水波长L=gT^(2)(/2π))范围内与Stokes线性波的解析解都有较好的吻合,这超过了历史文献中任一个Boussinesq型水波方程的适用范围。进而建立立面二维水槽数值模型,并利用预报-校正-迭代的有限差分方法对数值模型进行求解,在变量对时间的导数求解中选择混合四阶AdamsBashforth-Moulton格式。最后,利用数值模拟再现波浪在渗透地形上的传播变形,并与相关试验结果进行比较,二者吻合程度较高。

考虑原动机调速特性的中压直流发电机组动态仿真模型

鉴于原动机调速特性对舰船中压直流(MVDC)发电机组运行影响的重要性,该文基于十二相同步发电机及其三相交流励磁机数学模型提出MVDC发电机组动态建模方法,以解决多相整流发电机及其励磁系统难以考虑原动机动态调速特性的难题。以某型燃气轮机整流发电机组动态仿真模型为基础,建立了频率不同的十二相同步发电机与三相交流励磁机组合模型,阐述原动机调速与发电机励磁调压相互耦合的计算流程。实测与仿真结果表明,该型燃气轮机发电机组在突加20%负载工况时转速跌落较大,且转速恢复过程需约20 s,但MVDC发电机组通过调节励磁系统可在1 s内使直流母线电压恢复稳定,从而为负载提供稳定直流功率输出。在校准仿真模型的基础上,通过系统分析突加不同比例负载时的转速、燃油流量、励磁电流、输出电压等性能参数变化规律,获取了燃发机组允许突加负载上限约为30%的运行边界认知,为MVDC发电机组励磁系统设计以及如何预留充足的短时强励能力提供了理论支撑。

圆环形燃烧室两相混气旋转爆震波传播过程实验研究

为分析不同燃烧室结构和来流工况对两相混气旋转爆震波传播过程的影响,在圆环形燃烧室内进行了实验研究。获得了不同来流总温T、燃烧室出口堵塞比β以及混气当量比φ对旋转爆震波传播特性的影响,并对典型工况下圆环形燃烧室内旋转爆震波传播频率和切向热声耦合燃烧固有频率进行了计算。结果表明,燃烧室出口堵塞比变小时有利于旋转爆震波的稳定;旋转爆震波传播速度随来流总温和当量比的提高而增加;在两相混气中获得了一种传播速度大幅低于C-J理论值的低速爆震波。

FMS巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法及应用

飞机的飞行过程涉及多个垂直飞行阶段,巡航阶段占了绝大部分的飞行时间、飞行距离及燃油消耗,研究飞行管理系统(FMS)巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法,对于提升飞行的经济性、舒适性、安全性是非常重要和必要的。为了满足不同类型飞机巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法的通用性,提高垂直轨迹预测的精确度和可信度,提出一种适用于巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法。首先,通过计算巡航阶段的速度剖面,并构建预测过程中更加符合实际的大气模型;然后基于第一性原理(第一法则)的飞机模型计算所需的巡航燃油流量数据,通过设计的巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法逻辑,给出巡航阶段预测的垂直轨迹;最后通过地面仿真试验和空中试飞验证算法的有效性与准确性。结果表明:本文提出的基于第一性原理飞机模型的FMS巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法能够预测飞机的巡航轨迹,且预测精度误差低于1%。

关于高铁地震波场虚拟道集生成的理论分析

中国约80%的高铁运行于高架桥上,高铁振动通过桥墩传入地面.本文对运行于等间隔桥墩的高架桥上高铁振动产生的地下地震波场形态进行了理论分析,根据其在特定方向形成相干相位稳相点区域的特征,设计了一种基于多个不同速度高铁列车振动记录叠加,分离单桥墩激发虚拟地震波场的方法,并对单层与多层介质的情形进行了理论验证.

高速铁路10 kV变配电所馈线保护方式优化研究

铁路10 kV变配电所地方进线电源一般为中性点不接地系统。高速铁路变配电所内的馈线、贯通线多为全电缆线路,发生单相接地故障后,馈线电缆零序保护不跳闸只报警,允许故障馈线带故障运行。然而,电力电缆的绝缘裕度比架空线路的绝缘裕度小得多,承受过电压的能力低,一旦发生单相接地故障,易引起永久性的绝缘击穿,进而发展成为相间故障,使故障范围扩大。本文提出高速铁路变配电所故障馈线小电流选线方法,可准确判断出发生电缆单相接地故障的馈线,避免故障扩大。对于高阻接地故障,提出了采用基于暂态量的综合选线方法,除比对故障和非故障线路的零序电流幅值和相位,还利用暂态无功功率方向进行准确选线。