Elucidating the evolution of long-period stacking ordered phase and its effect on deformation behavior in the as-cast Mg-6Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr alloy

Herein,the evolution of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases in the as-cast Mg-6Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr(wt.%)alloy are investigated via transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT).The TEM results reveal that two types of LPSO phase(a bulky interdendritic phase and a plate-like matrix LPSO phase)are formed in the as-cast sample.Most of the LPSO phases are confirmed to be of the 14H type,with a smaller proportion being of the 18R LPSO.Further,the APT results reveal that the composition of the interdendritic LPSO phase is closer to that of the ideal 14H phase compared to the matrix LPSO phase,and both the interdendritic and matrix LPSO phases exhibit a Gd/Zn ratio of 2.5,thereby indicating a deficient Zn content compared to the ideal 14H phase(i.e.,1.3).In addition,the influence of the LPSO phases on the deformation behavior is investigated at different compressive plastic strains using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis to reveal twinning and slip behavior during deformation.The results indicate that the LPSO phase induces additional work hardening in the late stage of deformation via the suppression of{1011}compressive twinning and the activation of non-basal slip systems.

Tensile fracture of as-cast and hot rolled Mg-Zn-Y alloy with long-period stacking phase

An experimental Mg97Zn1Y2(molar fraction,%)alloy was produced by rolling the as-cast alloy.The microstructure of the alloy is composed of theα-Mg(also marked as 2H-Mg with reference to long-period stacking structure according to hexagonal close packed structure)and long-period stacking(LPS)phase.Tensile tests of Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy in comparison with pure Mg were conducted.The fracture morphologies of the tensile specimens were characterized and the microstructures near fracture surface were observed.The results show that the rolled Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy shows a mixed fracture mode including dimples indicating a ductile fracture pattern and a small fraction of cleavage planes indicating a brittle fracture pattern,which is different from the single brittle fracture of the as-cast alloy.In addition,the plastic deformation is mainly from dislocations induced strain with small strengthening effect during plastic deformation in the as-cast Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy,and the strain hardening rate is similar to that of the as-cast pure magnesium.The deformation mechanism of Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy is different from that of the pure magnesium according to a metallographical observation that whether twins are found or not.The strengthening effect hardly exists in the rolled Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy under the same dislocations induced strain,which is different from that of the as-cast alloy with moderate strengthening effect.

Effect of Li on formation of long period stacking ordered phases and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Zn alloy

Alloys with composition of Mg_(96-x)Gd_3Zn_1Li_x(at.%)(x=0, 2, 4, and 6) were prepared by conventional casting. The microstructures of these alloys under as-cast and solid-solution conditions have been observed, and the mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that Li is an effective element to refine the grains and break the eutectic networks in as-cast MgGd_3Zn_1 alloy. During solid solution treatment, these broken eutectic networks are spheroidized and highly dispersed. In addition, plentiful lamellar long period stacking ordered(LPSO) phases are precipitated in an α-Mg matrix when the Li addition is not more than 4%. Solid-solution treated Mg_(92)Gd_3Zn_1Li_4 alloy exhibits an optimal ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of 226 MPa and elongation of 5.8%. The strength of MgGd_3Zn_1 alloy is improved significantly, meanwhile, the toughness is apparently increased.

Effect of long period stacking ordered phase on damping capacities of as-cast Mg-Zn-Y alloys

The microstructure and damping capacities of MgZnxYi.33x(x=l-4at.%)alloys were discussed and researched.The main phase composition of the alloys consists of a_Mg and long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase.Due to increasedLPSO phase,grain size was refined.LPSO phase was advantageous to the damping properties of the Mg-Zn-Y alloys.Mg-7%Zn-12.8%Y has the highest damping capacity up to0.04.Due to stacking fault probability,the LPSO phase in the Mg-Zn-Yalloys could be new damping source to dissipate energy so as to contribute to the improvement of damping capacities.

Dilute long period stacking/order(LPSO)-variant phases along the composition gradient in a Mg-Ho-Cu alloy

We have systematically investigated the microstructures of as-cast Mg_(97.49)Ho_(1.99)Cu_(0.43)Zr_(0.09)alloy by atomic resolution high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM), revealing the coexistence of 18R, 14H and 24R long period stacking/order(LPSO) phases with fully coherent interfaces along step-like composition gradient in a blocky intermetallic compound distributed at grain boundary. The short-range order(SRO) L1_(2)-type Cu_(6)Ho_(8)clusters embedded across AB’C’A-stacking fault layers are directly revealed at atomic scale. Importantly, the order degree of SRO clusters in the present dilute alloy is significant lower than previous 6M and 7M in-plane order reported in ternary Mg-TM(transition metal)-RE(rare earth) alloys, which can be well matched by 9M in-plane order. This directly demonstrates that SRO in-plane L1_(2)-type clusters can be expanded into more dilute composition regions bounded along the definite TM/RE ratio of 3/4. In addition, the estimated chemical compositions of solute enriched stacking fault(SESF) in all LPSO variants are almost identical with the ideal SESF composition of 9M in-plane order, regardless of the type of LPSO phases. The results further support the viewpoint that robust L1_(2)-type TM_(6)RE_(8)clusters play an important role in governing LPSO phase formation.

基于RS-Stacking模型的科氏流量计两相流测量研究

为解决科氏流量计测量气液两相流的问题,本文提出一种新的建模方法对两相流工况下科氏流量计的质量流量测量值进行矫正,并对气相的体积含气率进行预测.对于DN10管径,液相量程0~1000 kg/h的科氏流量计,在质量流量范围为185~920 kg/h、体积含气率范围为0~32.4%的两相流工况下进行了实验,并分析科氏流量计两相流工况下各特征与质量流量和体积含气率的关系.在小数据集下,为实现较高预测精度和泛化能力,利用科氏流量计内部可观测信号设计了Stacking集成模型.由于两相流信号稳定性较差,选用30 s信号进行处理作为模型的输入.使用随机搜索(RS)法进行特征工程,以解决小数据集无法提供足够数量且多样的基模型问题.离线测试中,液相质量流量预测模型相对误差在±2.3%内,体积含气率预测模型所有点绝对误差均在±2%内.在线测试中,采用30 s内预测值平均值与真实值平均值进行误差计算,所有在建模范围内的工况点质量流量预测相对误差在-4.15%~2.70%内,体积含气率预测的绝对误差在±2%内.超出建模范围的4个在线测试点,模型预测表现并未出现明显下降.动态在线测试中,采用约455 s内预测值的平均值与真实值的平均值进行误差计算,质量流量预测误差为1.3%,体积含气率预测误差为-1.2%,证明本模型对液相质量流量和体积含气率大幅波动的情况可以进行一定程度的跟随预测.

煤岩体突水通道骨料灌注运移堆积机制试验

为揭示突水通道中骨料运移堆积的演化规律,开展了动水条件下骨料灌注试验,得到了骨料的初始沉积位置、堆积体形成方向以及堆积体极限堆积高度与水流速、骨料灌注速度等影响因素的内在关联。结果表明:在1.0 m/s高流速动水环境中,骨料堆积体形成方向为先逆水流方向生长至投料孔底后转为顺水流方向生长;在0.3 m/s低流速条件下,采用口径36 mm漏斗投料同口径18 mm相比,骨料灌注总量相同时,其堆积体的极限高度提升了41%。基于数值力学模型——计算流体动力学-离散元方法(computational fluid dynamics and distinct element method,CFD-DEM),研究了骨料灌注期间突水通道内流场的时空分布特征以及骨料堆积体的过水阻力作用对突水通道内静水压力的影响机制。

镁锂合金中LPSO相的研究进展

与其他金属结构材料相比,被称为超轻材料的镁锂合金具有超低密度、高塑性、高比强度、高比刚度及良好的阻尼减震等优异性能,是航空航天、武器装备等对质量密度极其敏感的高端制造领域的理想材料。然而绝对强度过低,尤其是强化相容易发生过时效导致性能大幅下降,严重限制了其多场景、规模化的生产应用。近年来在Mg-RE-TM合金中发现的长周期有序堆垛结构(LPSO相),具有较高的强度与热稳定性,能够有效提高镁合金的强度、塑性及高温抗蠕变性能,同时还可改善合金耐蚀性、电磁屏蔽性及阻尼减震性能等,为Mg-Li合金的强韧化及功能性结构材料的研发提供了新思路。本文在简要总结LPSO相的结构类型与形成机理的基础上,综述了含LPSO相镁锂合金组织和性能的国内外研究现状,并指出了未来研究工作的重点发展方向,以期为含LPSO相新型镁锂合金的开发和性能调控提供参考。

Locating the Small 1999 Frenchman Flat, Nevada Earthquake with InSAR Stacking

Due to high interferometric coherence in the Nevada region,Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR)phase stacking is capable of mapping coseismic signals from the 27 January 1999,M w 4.8 Frenchman Flat earthquake.This is one of the smallest earthquakes yet studied using InSAR with line-of-sight displacements as small as~1.5 cm.Modelling the event as dislocation in an elastic half space suggests that the fault centroid was located at(115.96°W,36.81°N)with a precision of 0.2~0.3 km(1σ)at a depth of 3.4±0.2 km.Despite the dense local seismic network in southern Nevada,differences as large as 2~5 km were observed between our InSAR earthquake location and those estimated from seismic data.The InSAR-derived magnitude appeared to be greater than that from seismic data,which is consistent with other studies,and believed to be due to the relatively long time interval of InSAR data.

影像压缩技术的洞庭湖时序InSAR沉降监测

洞庭湖地区作为重要的水源保护区和湿地生态重点区域,其可持续发展及生态环境正面临着构造沉降和人为过度开发的双重威胁。鉴于洞庭湖区域整体沉降速率较小,本文采用长时间跨度的Sentinel-1A影像数据进行时序InSAR处理,以精确获取该区域的地表沉降速率。同时为克服失相干噪声的影响,对影像进行时间维压缩,生成信噪比较高的压缩影像干涉图集,从而实现高效时序处理。与经典时序InSAR技术进行精度对比,不但提高了处理效率,而且相干点的空间密度提高了100倍。研究结果表明,研究区域内存在两处明显沉降区域。

一类有源钳位七电平PFC拓扑结构研究

针对传统两电平图腾柱PFC拓扑存在开关器件电压应力大、适用功率等级较低等问题,提出了一种新型无桥七电平PFC通用拓扑结构。通过使用不同的双向钳位开关管替换通用拓扑的钳位支路,从而获得相应拓扑。以最具代表的I型七电平PFC拓扑为例对工作原理详细分析。选择适用的辅助电路用以平衡直流侧电容电压,并结合载波同相层叠脉宽调制与电压电流双闭环控制策略生成相应开关脉冲序列,控制对应开关管的有序通断,实现桥臂电压七电平输出。通过仿真验证了拓扑结构的有效性与可行性,所提拓扑降低了开关管电压应力,实现了高功率因数运行,适于功率等级更高的应用场合。

Microstructure and phase composition of as-cast Mg-9Er-6Y-xZn-0.6Zr alloys

The microstructure and phase composition of as-cast Mg-9Er-6Y-xZn-0.6Zr （x=1, 2, 3, 4; normal mass fraction in %） alloys were investigated. In low Zn content, aside from the major second phase of Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5, there are a few lamellar phases that grow parallel with each other from the grain boundaries to the grain interior. With Zn content increasing, the Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5 phase decreases, but the Mg12Zn（Y, Er） phase and lamellar phases continuously increase. When Zn content reaches 4% （normal mass fraction）, the Mg12Zn（Y, Er） phase mainly exists as large bulks, and some a-Mg grains are thoroughly penetrated by the lamellar phases. Moreover, the crystallography structures of the Mgl2Zn（Y, Er） and Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5 phases are confirmed as 18R-type long-period stacking ordered structure and body-centred cubic structure, respectively.

In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application potential.This material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers(CALs)and nanoplates(CANaPs),or complete long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase.In order to reveal the deformation mechanisms,in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9%Zn-2.05%Y-0.15%Al(at%)alloy.For uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance,additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400℃ for 2 h.The heat treatment at 300℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure,its evolution during tension and,thus,the overall deformation behavior under tensile loading.On the other hand,annealing at 400℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density,leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical strength.The maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20×10^(14)m^(-2).The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basal and pyramidal types,what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation maps.It was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value,which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CANaPs/LPSO plates.

Microstructure characterization and corrosion behavior of Mg-Y-Zn alloys with different long period stacking ordered structures

Mg-Y-Zn alloys with long period stacking ordered(LPSO)structure have received much attention recently and exhibit great potential in applications such as automotive,aerospace and in bio-medical fields.This paper aimed to investigate the effect of different phase constitution of LPSO structures on corrosion rate of bio-medical Mg-Y-Zn alloys.The results showed that as-cast Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 alloys containing only 18R structure exhibited the highest corrosion resistance with the corrosion rate of 2.78 mm/year.The precipitation of 14H lamellas within a-Mg grains during solid solution treatment introduced the crystallographic orientation corrosion by accelerating micro-galvanic corrosion.The increase of 18R/14H interfaces deteriorated the corrosion resistance,and the grain boundaries also suffered from severe electrochemical dissolution.This work suggested that Mg-Y-Zn alloys with single LPSO structure(either 18R or 14H)exhibited better corrosion resistance than alloys with co-existence 18R and I4H LPSO structures.

阿尔塔什面板堆石坝蓄水初期变形监测成果分析

面板堆石坝蓄水初期的变形监测对于确保工程安全、稳定运行具有重要意义。本文基于阿尔塔什面板堆石坝蓄水初期的变形监测数据,深入分析了坝体在蓄水过程中的变形特性、规律及成因,旨在为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。

The effect of the 18R-LPSO phase on the fatigue behavior of extruded Mg/LPSO two-phase alloy through a comparative experimental-numerical study

The fatigue behavior of four extruded Mg-Y-Zn alloys containing different volume fractions of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)grains was investigated through a comparative study combining experiments and crystal plasticity finite element simulations.Strain controlled low-cycle fatigue experiments were conducted at different strain amplitudes and revealed a limited cyclic hardening in Mg_(89)Zn_(4)Y_(7)alloy or softening in Mg_(99.2)Zn_(0.2)Y_(0.6)and Mg_(97)Zn_(1)Y_(2)alloys.A decrease in the fatigue life against the plastic strain with the increase in LPSO phase volume fraction was observed and was related the limited ductility of extruded LPSO grains.Stress-strain hysteresis curves were used to calibrate and validate a crystal plasticity model taking into account twinning and detwinning.The interaction of the different phases on the distribution of local micro-mechanical fields at the grain scale was then analyzed on synthetic microstructures under strain-controlled conditions.Deformation twinning activity was predicted in coarse unrecrystallized grains and tended to disappear with the increase in the LPSO phase volume fraction.Cleavage-like facets observed in LPSO grains were related to high tensile stress,especially at the Mg/LPSO interface,due to the limited number of deformation mechanisms in LPSO crystal to accommodate out-of-basal plane strain.The increase of the fatigue limit with the increase in LPSO phase volume fraction was finally associated with the decreasing presence of coarse unrecrystallizedα-Mg grains due to a higher dynamic recrystallization activity during the extrusion process.

Ti_2Al PHASE IN AlRICH TiAl INTER METALLICS

Ti 48 Al 52 foils were examined by high resolution electron microscopy and electron microscopy. It was found that a Ti 2Al phase does exist in the sample tested, which is different from Ti 2AlN or Ti 2AlC phase. There is some further research to be carried out. Firstly, the precise crystal structure of Ti 2Al is to be determined, especially the atom arrangement of the (0001) plane. Secondly, the structure of interface between Ti 2Al and Ti 3Al should be obtained so as to interpret their relation when they grow from the TiAl matrix in more detail.

碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层叠前—叠后地震综合预测方法及应用

塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层横向变化快、非均质性较强,缝洞间接触关系较为复杂,严重制约了后期的勘探开发部署。为此,研究了基于叠前—叠后地震资料多属性分析的缝洞型储层综合预测方法。首先,基于叠后地震资料,通过多属性对比分析,优选出分频导向相干结果作为大断裂和溶洞预测的敏感属性;其次,基于叠前宽方位地震资料,提出基于宽方位导向相位属性的各向异性强度表征方法,通过奇异值分解(SVD)计算不同方位导向相位属性的最大奇异值与奇异值之和的比值,用于表征目标储层的各向异性强度分布情况,从而作为地下裂缝的预测结果;最后,将叠后大断裂、溶洞刻画结果与叠前裂缝预测结果联合分析,并应用于塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的预测,能够清晰表征缝洞间的接触关系,与实钻井结果较为吻合,从而为后期勘探开发部署提供有力依据。

基于B样条加权三重叠加的随机振动信号生成技术研究

随机振动试验是评估工程结构在高斯振动载荷力学环境下的安全性和可靠性的一种模拟试验,而随机振动控制功率谱密度生成时域高斯随机振动驱动信号是随机振动试验关键技术之一,常用的生成高斯驱动信号方法主要是伪随机法、正弦窗叠加法等。本文提出了基于B样条加权三重叠加的随机振动信号生成方法,并与常用正弦窗叠加法进行了对比,结果表明:基于B样条加权三重叠加的随机振动信号生成方法提高振动模拟试验的真实性和控制幅值动态范围精度,而这两种方法生成时域随机信号的偏斜度、峭度值相当,都满足高斯分布性能要求,验证了该新方法的正确性和有效性。

多相堆叠交错并联制氢变换器控制策略与特性分析

制氢变换器的效率和输出纹波等指标在氢能应用中至关重要。多相交错并联Buck变换器(MPIBC)输出纹波的减小需要以增加并联支路、开关频率和滤波电感为代价,这将导致成本和损耗的提高。为此该文提出多相堆叠交错并联Buck变换器(MPSIBC),MPSIBC在MPIBC基础上增加纹波补偿并联支路。补偿支路采用具有补偿特性的PWM控制,输出交流电流与MPIBC输出电流纹波波形互补。MPSIBC利用输出补偿思想使得变换器输出纹波的消除不依赖开关频率等因素。该文从理论上对MPSIBC拓扑和纹波补偿原理进行了分析,并通过PSIM仿真和实验进行了验证,结果表明MPSIBC具有显著纹波抑制效果的同时可有效降低开关频率和滤波电感。