褶合曲线分析法应用于去痛片中四个组分的同时定量

本文应用计算机辅助褶合曲线分析法,结合计算机信息处理技术,不经分离,同时分别测定了去痛片中非那西丁、氨基比林、咖啡因和苯巴比妥四个组分的含量,结果满意,平均百分回收率和变异系数分别为:99.96,0.36%;99.76,0.43%;99.98,0.48%;99.26,0.89%。

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定苯巴比妥和卡马西平血药浓度

目的 :建立同时测定微量血浆中苯巴比妥和卡马西平浓度的方法。方法 :采用RP HPLC法 ,以艾司唑仑为内标 ,同时测定微量血浆中苯巴比妥和卡马西平浓度。色谱柱shimadzushimpackCLC C18不锈钢柱 ,流动相为甲醇 水 (6 0∶40 ) ,流速0 .8ml·min-1,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 :苯巴比妥在 4～ 6 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性良好 (r =0 .9998) ,卡马西平在 2～ 16 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性良好 (r =0 .9995 ) ,最低检测限分别为 11.5 7ng·ml-1和 4.92ng·ml-1,两者高、中、低 3种浓度的平均回收率分别为 99.92 % ,10 1.30 % ,97.92 %和 99.41% ,10 1.5 2 % ,98.2 2 % (n =9) ,日内RSD分别为 3 .1% ,2 .6 % ,3 .8%和1.9% ,1.6 % ,6 .3 % (n =5 ) ,日间RSD分别为 2 .9% ,2 .5 % ,4.8%和 1.8% ,2 .3 % ,2 .9% (n =5 )。结论 :该方法准确、快速、简便 ,灵敏度高 ,重现性好 。

反相高效液相色谱法动态监测卡马西平、苯妥英、苯巴比妥血药浓度及其临床意义

本文报道用反相高效液相色谱法测定４８４例服用卡马西平、苯妥英和苯巴比妥的癫痫病人的血清药物浓度。采用ＵｌｔｒａｓｐｈｅｉｅＯＤＳ（２５０×４．６ｍｍ，５μｍ）色谱柱，０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液（ＰＨ２．５）／甲醇（４５：５５）为流动相，洗脱经乙酸乙酯提取的血清样品，在２５４ｎｍ处检测药物和内标的峰高，以内标法定量，并对方法的回收率、准确度和精密度进行评价。血药浓度监测结果提示：三种药物在剂量不变时，浓度均波动较大，故动态监测抗癫痫药物的血药浓度对临床合理用药具有重要意义。

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中氯胺酮、苯巴比妥和阿托品的浓度

本文采用ＺｏｒｂａｘＣ８色谱柱，甲醇－磷酸盐缓冲液（６９∶３１）为流动相，２２０ｎｍ为检测波长，非那西丁为内标，建立了同时测定人血浆中氯胺酮、苯巴比妥和阿托品浓度的反相高效液相色谱法。本法简便、快速、灵敏、重现性好。氯胺酮、苯巴比妥和阿托品的平均回收率分别为９９．２０％，９９．１３％和９７．６２％；不同浓度水平测定结果的日内和日间相对标准偏差均小于５％；其检测限分别为０．２μｇ／ｍｌ，０．０５μｇ／ｍｌ和０．５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｓ∶Ｎ＝３∶１）。

双波长分光光度法测定勃氏合剂中苯巴比妥钠含量

勃氏合剂（Ｂｒｏｄｓｋｙ＇ｓｍｉｘｔｕｒｅ）系含苯巴比妥钠、咖啡因等的复方制剂。本文介绍用双波长法测定制剂中苯巴比妥钠的含量。结果：苯巴比妥钠在４～２０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内线性关系良好，回归方程△Ａ＝０．０４１１３Ｃ－０．００２５，相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９９，平均回收率为９９．９％，相对标准偏差为０．６％。

HPLC同时测定血清中苯妥英、苯巴比妥和卡马西平的浓度

目的 :建立同时测定微量血清中苯妥英、苯巴比妥和卡马西平浓度的方法。方法 :采用HPLC法 ,以巴比妥为内标同时测定。KromasilC18不锈钢色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 水 (5 7∶43) ,流速 0 .8ml·min 1,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 :检测浓度范围苯妥英为 4.0～ 5 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r=0 .9995 ) ,苯巴比妥 5 .0～ 6 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r =0 .9996 ) ,卡马西平为2 .5～ 2 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r =0 .9992 )。最低检测限分别为 1.0 μg·ml 1、2 .0 μg·ml 1和 0 .5 μg·ml 1;平均回收率分别为99.2 2 %、99.6 8%和 98.6 2 % ;日内和日间RSD均低于 5 % (n =5 )。结论 :该法准确、灵敏度高 ,重复性好 ,可作为

RP-HPLC同时测定苯巴比妥、苯妥英和卡马西平的血药浓度(英文)

目的采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定苯巴比妥(PB)、苯妥英(PHT)和卡马西平(CBZ)血药浓度。方法色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax 8 nm Extend-C_(18)(5μm,4.6mm×150mm),流动相为V(甲醇):V[V(0.1mol/L乙酸钠):V(0.05%β-环糊精)=32:18]=68:32,柱温为室温,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为230nm,进样量为20μL。结果PB、DPH和CBZ分离良好,分离度皆大于1.5;最低检测浓度分别为0.3802、0.1823和0.1444μg/mL;线性范围分别为0.4～60、0.2～30和0.2～30μg/mL;回收率分别为97.04%、96.52%和97.09%;日内和日间相对标准偏差皆小于5.80%。结论本方法简便、快速、重现性好,结果可靠,适用于临床常规检查。

左乙拉西坦引起苯巴比妥血药浓度降低案例分析

目的:探讨左乙拉西坦与苯巴比妥的药物相互作用及作用机制。方法:临床药师通过神经内科ICU的一例伴难以控制、反复发作癫的急性重症脑炎病例用药发现问题,查阅病历资料及相关文献进行分析。结果:左乙拉西坦可引起苯巴比妥血药浓度降低,可能与两者竞争结合P糖蛋白有关。结论:临床药师应该加强对左乙拉西坦的药物相互作用的观察和研究,以促进抗癫药物的合理应用。

反相高效液相色谱法测定苯巴比妥血药浓度

目的：建立一种快速测定苯巴比妥血药浓度的方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法，以卡巴西平为内标，测定苯巴比妥血药浓度，钯谱柱ｓｈｉｍａｄｚｕ ｓｈｉｍｐａｃｋＣＬＣ－Ｃ１８不锈钢柱，流动相为甲醇－水（６０：４０），流速０．８ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，检测波长２５４ｎｍ。结果：在５～４０ｕｇ／ｍｌ逍度范围内线性良好（ｒ＝０．９９９９），最低检测限为１１．５７ｎｇ／ｍｌ高、中、低三种浓度的平均回收率分别为１００．２４％，１００．２８％，９９．４１％，ＲＳＤ分别为０．７％，２．７％，５．８％（ｎ＝９）。日内和日间平均ＲＳＤ分别为３．３％，５．２％，８．７％和７．３％。７．３％，９．２％（ｎ＝９）。结论：该方法准确、快速、简便，灵敏度高，重现性好，可作为苯巴比妥血药浓度监测的常规方法。

大蒜素改善GJIC功能及抗氧化作用的实验研究

本文从氧自由基、ＧＪＩＣ（细胞间缝隙连接通讯）及ＤＮＡ含量三个不同角度观察了大蒜素可显著减轻氧自由基对细胞的毒害，并能解除苯巴比妥对ＧＪＩＣ的抑制（Ｐ＜００１），提示大蒜素有明显的预防苯巴比妥的动物促癌作用及对抗氧自由基损害的功效。

小儿发热惊厥846例临床分析

1977～ 1996年间共收治小儿发热惊厥 (FC) 846例 ,占同期住院患儿 (16 2 13)的 5 2 2 %。男 5 41例 ,女 30 5例 ,男女之比为 1 77∶1。发病季节以 7～ 9mon为高 ,其次为 1～ 3mon。惊厥前后体温以 38℃～ 40℃为多。引起FC的常见疾病为呼吸系统疾病。首次发作的最小年龄为 40d ,最大年龄为 7岁 10个月。发作类型主要为全身强直 -阵挛发作 ,其次为强直发作。惊厥持续时间最短几秒钟 ,最长 2h以上。以在治疗中 ,供给葡萄糖 ,纠正酸中毒 ,降低颅内压 ,改善脑缺氧及保护脑细胞是不可忽视的措施。应使用苯巴比妥及其它综合措施防止惊厥复发 ,积极使用退热药和物理方法降温。

Management of pregnancy in Crigler Najjar syndrome type 2

Crigler Najjar syndrome is associated with indirect hyperbilirubinemia due to a deficiency of enzyme Uridine Di Phospho Glucoronosyl Transferase(UDPGT).Presented here is a case of a female in the first trimester of pregnancy,who was diagnosed to have type 2 Crigler Najjar syndrome.We also discuss the management of this rare disease especially in pregnancy.Unconjugated bilirubin can cross the placental barrier causing neuro-logical damage in the newborn.Patient was carefully monitored during pregnancy and treatment with pheno-barbitone in low doses was adjusted such that the serum bilirubin levels were below 10 mg/d L.Crigler Najjar syndrome being rare needs to be diagnosed early in pregnancy to avoid adverse fetal outcomes.Phenobarbitone being an inducer of enzyme UDPGT is used as the first line of treatment and is not teratogenic in the low doses used.Treatment protocol followed was on the basis of previous reported cases and successful perinatal outcome was achieved.

Patch testing and cross sensitivity study of adverse cutaneous drug reactions due to anticonvulsants: A preliminary report

AIM To evaluate the utility of patch test and cross-sensitivity patterns in patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions(ACDR) from common anticonvulsants. METHODS Twenty-four(M:F = 13:11) patients aged 18-75 years with ACDR from anticonvulsants were patch tested 3-27 mo after complete recovery using carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and sodium valproate in 10%, 20% and 30% conc. in pet. after informed consent. Positive reactions persisting on D3 and D4 were considered significant. RESULTS Clinical patterns were exanthematous drug rash with or without systemic involvement(DRESS) in 18(75%), Stevens-Johnsons syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis(SJS/TEN) overlap and TEN in 2(8.3%) patients each, SJS and lichenoid drug eruption in 1(4.2%) patient each, respectively. The implicated drugs were phenytoin in 14(58.3%), carbamazepine in 9(37.5%), phenobarbitone in 2(8.3%), and lamotrigine in 1(4.7%) patients,respectively. Twelve(50%) patients elicited positive reactions to implicated drugs; carbamazepine in 6(50%), phenytoin alone in 4(33.3%), phenobarbitone alone in 1(8.3%), and both phenytoin and phenobarbitone in 1(8.33%) patients, respectively. Cross-reactions occurred in 11(92%) patients. Six patients with carbamazepine positive patch test reaction showed cross sensitivity with phenobarbitone, sodium valproate and/or lamotrigine. Three(75%) patients among positive phenytoin patch test reactions had cross reactions with phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and/or valproate. CONCLUSION Carbamazepine remains the commonest anticonvulsant causing ACDRs and cross-reactions with other anticonvulsants are possible. Drug patch testing appears useful in DRESS for drug imputability and cross-reactions established clinically.

Response of levetiracetam in neonatal seizures

AIM: To review the clinical response to levetiracetam(LEV) in neonatal seizure management in intensive care unit.METHODS: Medical records of neonates who received LEV from January 2009 to August 2014 were reviewed. Their demographic data, clinical characteristics, etiology, seizures, electroencephalograms, response to treatment and outcome were noted. Literature review of use of LEV in neonates were also performed via Pub Med and EMBASE with keywords- "neonates", "seizures", "epilepsy" and "LEV" up to Sep 2014 and retrieved the publications. The response rate to LEV was compared.RESULTS: Twelve neonates were identified during the study period. All patients received phenobarbitone loading prior to consideration of LEV. Seven(58%) and nine(75%) achieved seizure freedom 24 h and 72 h after LEV was added, both clinically and electrographically. No serious adverse effects were associated with LEV use. From the literature, there are total 144 neonates reported to have used LEV. The overall results suggested that LEV could control up to 90% of neonatal seizures.CONCLUSION: LEV was found to be relatively safe and efficacious in treating neonatal seizures, but might not work well in the most severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

改进抗疟药包装对间日疟病人服药依从的影响

目的 探讨改进抗疟药包装提高间日疟病人服药的依从率。方法 按我国推行治疗间日疟的氯喹合并伯喹８ 日疗法的剂量和疗程，制成小盒包装。实验组使用新包装；传统用纸包或纸袋发药为对照组。采用问卷调查和测定病人血清中苯巴比妥标记物水平与剂量比率，确定新包装与传统纸包或纸袋包药病人完成全程足量的服药率。结果 新包装实验组完成全程足量服药率为９７１％ ；纸包或纸袋对照组完成全程足量服药率为８０５％ ，前者服药的依从率高于后者，两组之间差别非常显著（ Ｐ＜ ００１）。新包装药的３ 天和８ 天疗程依从率没有差别；传统纸包或纸袋分发药的８ 天疗程依从率显著低于３ 天疗程（ Ｐ＜ ００５）。结论 新包装抗疟药病人全程足量的服药依从率优于传统用纸包或纸袋包药的方法。

紫外分光光度法测定苯巴比妥片

利用苯巴比妥在碱性溶液中电离后产生的紫外吸收光谱,用分光光度法测定其片剂含量,结果与电位法基本一致。本法简单、快速、准确、重现性好。

地西泮、苯巴比妥联合表面麻醉对激光治疗早产儿视网膜病的镇痛效果

目的探讨地西泮、苯巴比妥联合表面麻醉对激光治疗早产儿视网膜病(ROP)的有效性和安全性。方法选择经双目间接检眼镜及Ret Cam Ⅱ眼底照相确诊的33例(66只眼)阈值期ROP患儿进行激光光凝术,术前30 min静脉注射苯巴比妥10mg·kg-1、术前5 min静脉注射地西泮0.4 mg.kg-1及结膜囊滴入5 g·L-1盐酸丙美卡因滴眼液。于术前、术中每隔15 min及术后15 min、30 min,分别对患儿进行CRIES疼痛评估,取最高分评估患儿在常规镇静联合表面麻醉下对激光手术的耐受程度。术前、术后检测其微量血糖评估患儿应激状态。结果激光手术持续时间为(34.4±10.1)min(17～53 min),激光点数为(1 228.7±542.7)点(290～2 350点);CRIES疼痛评分术中最高得分为(1.90±1.18)分,明显小于疼痛阈值(4分),其中29例全程得分<4分,占87.9%(29/33例),4例术中最高得分≥4分,经追加给药后手术均顺利完成;术后血糖[(6.3±1.2)mmol·L-1]显著高于术前[(5.4±1.7)mmol·L-1](t=3.987,P<0.05)。术中、术后并发症:术中均出现结膜下出血和角膜水肿,但不影响手术;仅6例在术中或术后出现短时呼吸暂停,经抚触、给氧或静脉滴注氨茶碱、或短期辅助通气等处理后较快缓解。结论地西泮、苯巴比妥联合表面麻醉进行激光治疗ROP,镇痛效果可靠、简便、安全,可在NICU内开展。

Trichosanthes dioica根的神经药理特点(英文)

AIM: Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae), commonly known as pointed gourd in English, is a dioecious climber grown widely in the Indian subcontinent. Traditionally, this plant has been used in India for several medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to evaluate certain neuropharmacological properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of T. dioica root (TDA) in experimental animal models. METHODS: TDA (at 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 body weight, p.o.) was evaluated for anti-nociceptive activity by the acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick methods. Locomotor depressant activity was measured by means of an actophotometer. Skeletal muscle relaxant effects were evaluated by using a rota-rod apparatus, and the sedative potentiating property by a phenobar-bitone-induced sleep potentiation study. RESULTS: The results of the present study revealed significant (P<0.001) and dose dependent anti-nociceptive, locomotor depressant, muscle relaxant, and sedative potentiating effects of TDA, demonstrating its depressant action on the central nervous system (CNS). CONCLUSION: From the present study, it can be concluded that T. dioica root possessed prominent anti-nociceptive, as well as depressant, action on the CNS, as manifested by these important neuropharmacological properties in mice.

苯巴比妥和纳洛酮联合治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病疗效观察

目的:观察苯巴比妥联合纳洛酮治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)的临床疗效。方法:将68例缺氧缺血性脑病患儿随机分为两组,对照组给予吸氧、控制惊厥、减轻脑水肿、维持电解质平衡等常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予苯巴比妥4.5μg/(kg.min),同时加用盐酸纳洛酮0.1 mg/(kg.d),输液泵维持24 h持续经脉滴注,连用7天。观察两组患儿的临床疗效、意识恢复时间、反射恢复时间、肌肉张力的恢复时间以及不良反应。结果:治疗组与对照组的总有效率分别为88.24%(30/34)、76.47%(26/34),两组比较P<0.05;治疗后的意识恢复时间、反射恢复时间、肌肉张力的恢复时间治疗组均较对照组明显缩短(P<0.01)。结论:苯巴比妥可以降低HIE的发生率,与纳洛酮联用对预防HIE发生颅内出血及降低惊厥具有较好疗效,且安全性较高。

Molecular structure and vibrational spectra of phenobaraitone by density functional theory and ab initio hartree-Fock calculations

Quantum chemistry calculations have been performed using Gaussian03 program to compute optimized geometry,harmonic vibrational frequency along with intensities in IR and Raman spectra at RHF/6-31++G^(**)and B3LYP/6-31++G^(**)levels for phenobarbitone(C12H12N2O3)in the ground state.The scaled harmonic vibrational frequencies have been compared with experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra.Theoretical vibrational spectra of the title compound were interpreted by means of potential energy distributions(PEDs)using MOLVIB program.A detailed interpretation of the infrared spectra of the title compound is reported.On the basis of the agreement between the calculated and observed results,the assignments of fundamental vibrational modes of phenobarbitone were examined and some assignments were proposed.The theoretical spectrograms for FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title compound have been constructed.