Genomic DNA Isolation by Phenol/Chloroform Extracting Method from Sheep Blood Clot

[ Objective] The aim was to establish the method of extracting genomic DNA from sheep blood clot on the basis of the improvement of method for extracting genomic DNA from tissues. [Method]The genomic DNA with complete primary structure and high purity was obtained from the sheep blood clot after the steps of cutting the sheep blood clot with ophthalmic scissors, cell lysis with tissue DNA extracts and digested by proteinase K, extracting with phenol/chloroform and precipitating with ethanol were performed. [ Result] The concentration of the extracted DNA was 159.90 ±0.70 ng/μl and the ratio of the A260/A280 was 1.80 ＋0.01. The sheep microsatellite locus of BM203 was amplified by using the extracted DNA from the sheep blood clot as template of PCR, and the PCR result was perfect. [Conclusion]This method is simple and feasible, the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA can satisfy the demands for the subsequent researches. It is worth to extending and using for reference.

Effects of Loading Methods on the Color,Phenolic and Antioxidant Properties of Cured Tobacco Leaves

[Objective] To investigate the effects of different loading methods on tobacco leaf quality.[Method] With tobacco comb,tobacco clamp,and tobacco basket,color,phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied.[Result] The results showed that L＊,a＊ and b＊ values of tobacco leaves packaged by tobacco clamp and comb were higher than those of tobacco basket and no significant differences were found beween values of a＊ and b＊,however,between L＊ and h values,remarkable differences existed among three loading methods.Total phenolic content and chlorogenic acid content of tobacco leaves loaded by tobacco comb kept the highest,followed by smoke clamp and tobacco basket （P＜0.05）.On the other hand,rutin content showed little differences among treatments.The order of the antioxidant properties,such as DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing powder,of tobacco leaves by different loading methods was tobacco comb ＞ tobacco clamp ＞ loose basket and a positive relationship was found of antioxiang property with total phenolic content and chlorogenic acid content.[Conclusion] In view of tobacco leaves quality and antioxidant property,loading method with tobacco comb proved to be a better choice.

Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of flour, noodles, and steamed bread made from different colored wheat grains by three milling methods

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of wheat variety, food processing, and milling method on antioxidant properties. Black wheat variety Heibaoshi 1 had the highest total phenolic content(659.8 μg gallic acid equivalents g-1), total flavonoid content(319.3 μg rutin equivalents g-1), and antioxidant activity, whereas light purple wheat variety Shandongzimai 1 had the lowest total flavonoid content(236.2 μg rutin equivalents g-1) and antioxidant activity. Whole wheat flour and partially debranned grain flour had significantly higher total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity than refined flour(P < 0.05). Compared with flour, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity decreased in noodles and steamed bread, whereas noodles had slightly higher total phenolic and flavonoid content than steamed bread. Antioxidant activities(by ferric reducing ability of plasma assay) of steamed bread made from whole wheat flour, partially debranned grain flour, and refined flour were 23.5%, 21.1%, and 31.6% lower, respectively, than the corresponding values of flour. These results suggested that black whole wheat flour and partially debranned grain flour are beneficial to human health.

Preparation and Characterization of Phenolic Prepolymer Impregnated Chinese Fir by Cyclic Increasing-Pressure Method with Green and Efficient

The Chinese fir wood was impregnated using a cyclic increasingpressure method(CIPM)with phenolic prepolymers as the impregnating modifier.Unmodified Chinese fir and progressive increasing-pressure method(PIPM)impregnated Chinese fir were used as reference samples and were compared and analyzed.The product’s chemical structure,internal morphology,crystal structure,and heat resistance were characterized.The transversal and longitudinal sections showed better filling effects,so that it bore greater external loading and reduced the water storage space.CIPM infused more phenolic prepolymer into the Chinese fir.Not only producing more physical filling but also forming more hydrogen bond associations and chemical bond combinations.Compared with PIPM and unmodi-fied Chinese fir,the CIPM impregnated Chinese fir had better mechanical strength and water resistance.The cellulose chains in CIPM impregnated Chinese fir were more closely linked and their crystallinity were clearly improved.Changes in internal morphology and crystal structure explained the reason why the mechanical properties and water resistance of CIPM impregnated Chinese fir were improved significantly.This Chinese fir had lower thermal decomposition rates,higher decomposition residual rates,and smaller combustion flames,which confirmed that it possessed improved heat and fire resistance.

A NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHENOLS AND ITS DERIVATIVES

a-Oxo ketene dithioacetals 2 via 1,2-nucleophilie addition by methallyl magnesius chloride afforded corresponding alcohols (3). Treated with water or methanol and catalyzed by Lewis acid, the alcohols 3 were converted regiospecifical ly to substituted phenols 5' or related phenol methyl ethers 5 respectively. This reaction is a novel approach to the synthesis of phenols and their derivatives starting from non-aromatic precursors.

Comparison between Sulfuric Acid-phenol and Sulfuric Acid-anthrone Methods Used for Determination of Polysaccharides in Shoots of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.

Sulfuric acid-phenol and sulfuric acid-anthrone methods were used to detect polysaccharide content in shoots of Aralia elata（ Miq.） Seem.,and the conversion factor to glucose was measured with refined polysaccharides. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out by linear relationship,precision,reproducibility,stability and recovery rate. The results showed that the linear relationship between glucose concentration and absorbance was good when glucose concentration was0-40 μg/ml,and the average recovery rate was equal to or higher than 97. 00% with good reproducibility（ RSD 〈 1. 60%,n = 5）. It revealed that the two methods were accurate and reliable,and suitable for the determination of polysaccharide content in the shoots of A. elata. Polysaccharide content detected by sulfuric acid-phenol and sulfuric acid-anthrone methods was 19. 31% and 20. 40% respectively.

The Influence of Initial Carbonate Concentration on the Folin-Ciocalteu Micro-Method for the Determination of Phenolics with Low Concentration in the Presence of Me-thanol: A Comparative Study of Real-Time Monitored Reactions

During the Folin Ciocalteu (F-C) micro-assay for the determination of phenolics in the presence of methanol, fine solids can form. In a previous paper, we hypothesized that the interference from alcohol on the F-C reaction can be minimized depending on the particular procedure used to reach the alkalinity condition. In order to demonstrate our hypothesis we studied, by spectrophotometrically monitoring, the time-behaviour of the reactions carried out in the presence of different methanol concentrations at the same alkalinity condition from two protocols. The results showed that the interfering effect of methanol on the F-C micro-method can be affect and even prevented depending on working conditions. In particular, the formation of fine solids can be delayed, slowed down and prevented depending on the initial carbonate concentration used. We have explained why the initial carbonate concentration, used to reach the final alkalinity condition, plays an important role in the F-C reaction carried out in the presence of methanol. Moreover, the results from real-time monitoring showed that, differently from traditional F-C procedure, our procedure allows us to carry out the F-C micro method in the presence of 6% methanol, as an extreme concentration, reading the absorbance at real time 24 min. The real-time monitoring of absorbance can be considered as a useful means to explore the effect of other parameters on precipitate formation caused by the presence of methanol in the F-C reaction.

不同陈化方式对宛艾中酚酸类和黄酮类物质含量的影响

以酚酸中的新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C和黄酮类的棕矢车菊素、异泽兰黄素为指标,采用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)研究宛艾自然陈化与加速陈化过程中酚酸类和黄酮类物质含量的变化。结果表明:在加速陈化过程中,大多数酚酸类物质含量增加,黄酮类棕矢车菊素含量逐渐减少,黄酮类异泽兰黄素含量明显增加;在自然陈化过程中,黄酮类物质棕矢车菊素、异泽兰黄素含量逐渐增加,酚酸类物质随陈化时间的增加变化各异。研究结果对宛艾大健康产品的开发具有一定的借鉴意义。

基于响应面法的微电解活化过硫酸盐降解苯酚研究

目的优化微电解活化过硫酸盐氧化处理苯酚废水体系的工艺条件,提高废水处理效果。方法构建微电解活化过硫酸盐氧化降解体系,采用响应面法分析过硫酸盐浓度、初始pH值和反应温度对苯酚废水降解效果的影响,使用模型确定最佳工艺参数。结果三个因素对苯酚降解率均有较显著影响,显著性由大到小依次为反应温度、过硫酸盐浓度、初始pH值;模拟得出的最佳工艺条件:过硫酸盐浓度为15.98 mmol/L、初始pH值为2.78、反应温度为74.73℃,并且模拟预测结果与试验数据非常接近。结论该模型可以较为准确地预测微电解活化过硫酸盐降解苯酚废水的最佳反应条件与降解率。

SiO_(2)气凝胶/环氧树脂/酚醛树脂复合材料性能研究

为拓宽SiO_(2)气凝胶(SA)的应用领域,以E-51环氧树脂(EP)、SA作为添加剂,采用常压干燥法,逐次与酚醛树脂(PF)、环氧树脂/酚醛树脂材料(EP/PF)混合,制备出SiO_(2)气凝胶/环氧树脂/酚醛树脂(SA/EP/PF)复合材料,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、比表面积、孔径及力学性能测试,研究了SA、EP对PF隔热性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明:环氧树脂嫁接到酚醛树脂分子中,可改善酚醛树脂的力学性能,当环氧树脂添加量为20%时,最大拉伸强度提高了66%,最大弯曲强度提高了62.5%;当SiO_(2)气凝胶添加比例为1%时,SiO_(2)气凝胶/环氧树脂/酚醛树脂复合材料的导热系数最小,低至0.3185W/(m·K),隔热性能相比酚醛树脂提升16.14%,为SiO_(2)气凝胶推广应用提供了理论依据。

BPA可逆热敏变色复合材料制备方法及其应用研究进展

综述了BPA可逆热敏变色材料的制备及其应用,以及复配法、无机包覆法、微胶囊法、湿成膜法和近年来的2,6-单取代双酚A复合膜新方法,并分析了2,6-单取代法中膜结晶相变与二醛、酚醛树脂及胶种的关系。2,6-单取代双酚A线型或芳香酚醛树脂及其复合膜有机体系的设计与研究将进一步推动该类材料在具有可调的迟滞响应相变智能窗口,超低温变色敏感性、变色深度、稳定性,环境友好型合成树脂及塑料及实验教学等方面的应用。

不同干燥方式对香露兜叶粉理化特性和功能性物质的影响

以新鲜香露兜叶为原料,采用自然干燥(natural drying,ND)、热风干燥(hot air drying,HAD)、真空冷冻干燥(vacuum freeze drying,FD)、微波干燥(microwave drying,MWD)4种干燥方式对香露兜叶进行干燥加工,并分析不同干燥方式获得香露兜叶粉的理化特性和功能性物质。结果表明:不同干燥方式对香露兜叶粉的复水比、堆积密度、休止角、滑动角、粒径分布均有明显影响;MWD、FD很好地保持香露兜叶原有的a^(*)值,与鲜叶的a^(*)值相比无显著差异;FD香露兜叶粉的表面微观结构最为平滑和完整,不同干燥处理后香露兜叶粉的表面微观结构存在明显差异;FD、MWD香露兜叶粉的总酚含量较高。总体上来说,不同干燥方式处理的香露兜叶粉在色泽、粉质特性及总酚含量方面整体上均存在明显差异。FD在色泽、粉质特性、表面微观结构及总酚含量方面均优于其他干燥方式,FD是最适宜用于香露兜叶粉的干燥加工技术。而FD干燥时间较长、耗能高,MWD香露兜叶粉的色泽、总酚等指标优于ND和HAD,也可将MWD作为香露兜叶粉干燥加工中一种较好的备选干燥方式。

响应曲面法优化梅花鹿茸多糖提取工艺

以梅花鹿茸多糖为研究对象,首次采用超声波提取法、热水浸提法、水提醇沉法相结合的方式优化提取工艺。单因素实验基础上,利用BBD实验设计原理进行四因素三水平的响应面实验。苯酚硫酸法测定多糖含量,紫外光谱和FT-IR光谱分析检测纯度。结果表明:最佳提取工艺条件下,超声液料比34∶1、超声时间43 min、浸提温度54℃、浸提时间2 h,多糖提取率达2.02%,多糖含量70.05%,不含核酸和蛋白质等成分并具有典型多糖结构,表明优化的梅花鹿茸多糖提取工艺切实可行,优化结果优于先前工艺。

综述杂豆酚类化合物多样性的影响因素

杂豆酚类化合物种类繁多,并影响杂豆的外观、感官特征及营养特性。杂豆酚类化合物多样性是杂豆营养特性研究的重点。本文总结杂豆酚类化合物多样性的影响因素,发现合理的提取与分析方法有利于酚类化合物提取的完整性以及表征的正确性。在此基础上,指出种属与产地、生长与贮藏及加工过程影响杂豆酚类化合物的合成、溶出与释放,并促使酚类化合物多样性的形成。最后介绍杂豆酚类化合物多样性的代谢组学技术在杂豆多样性研究方面的贡献与优势,提出今后工作的重点与挑战,以期为杂豆酚类化合物的变化机制、加工利用及育种等提供参考。

连续法制备短切石英纤维/酚醛树脂预混料的固化反应动力学及其模压制品性能

采用连续浸胶法,使用自制的压辊式浸胶槽制备了短切石英纤维/酚醛树脂预混料,通过红外光谱法(FT-IR)、热重分析法(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对预混料进行了表征,并研究了其固化反应动力学。结果表明,溶剂乙醇影响石英纤维的浸胶过程,连续法制备的石英纤维/酚醛树脂预混料能够降低乙醇的影响;预混料的固化工艺参数为:凝胶温度108.40℃,固化温度183.04℃,后处理温度264.47℃;固化反应级数为0.95,固化反应动力学模型为:dα/dt=Aexp(-ΔE/RT)(1-α)n=4.3×10^(12)exp(-140.74/RT)(1-α)0.95。使用模压法对所制备的预混料进行压制,得到石英纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的模压制品,该模压制品在800℃下的质量残留率为82.3%,拉伸强度为58 MPa,断裂伸长率为0.353%,剪切强度为105 MPa,线烧蚀率为0.088 mm/s,烧蚀表面形貌未见异常,结果表明采用连续法制备的石英纤维/酚醛树脂预混料的模压制品具有较好的耐热性、烧蚀性和力学性能。

白牛肝菌、白松露、松茸中多糖和氨基酸含量对比

以白牛肝菌、白松露、松茸烘干片为研究对象,分别采用苯酚-硫酸法和异硫氰酸苯酯衍生化法对其多糖、氨基酸的含量及氨基酸种类进行了测定和对比分析。结果表明白牛肝菌、白松露、松茸烘干片中多糖含量分别为质量分数3.739%、2.739%、4.378%,总氨基酸质量比含量分别为124.83、88.76、33.29 mg/g。三者均含有赖氨酸(Lys)等17种游离氨基酸,但同一种氨基酸在三者中的含量差异较大。提示3种不同品种的珍稀食用菌中多糖和氨基酸含量具有一定的差异,但总体而言其多糖含量均较高,且氨基酸种类齐全、含量丰富。

3种测定广式酱油中总糖含量的方法比较

该研究通过比较直接滴定法、苯酚硫酸法、蒽酮硫酸法3种方法测定广式酱油总糖含量的差异,并对这3种方法进行方法学验证,以期筛选出一种适合广式酱油总糖含量测定的方法。结果显示,直接滴定法、苯酚硫酸法和蒽酮硫酸法分别在0.50~8.00、0.00~0.08和0.00~0.08 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好。直接滴定法、苯酚硫酸法和蒽酮硫酸法的精密度试验的RSD值分别为1.07%、0.05%、0.05%,重现性试验的RSD值分别为0.88%、3.93%、3.24%,直接滴定法在24 h内显色稳定,苯酚硫酸法和蒽酮硫酸法在1 h内显色稳定。而在加标回收率试验中,蒽酮硫酸法的平均加标回收率较高,为168.04%,RSD值为2.97%,直接滴定法的平均加标回收率为104.67%,RSD值为2.07%,苯酚硫酸法的平均加标回收率为103.85%,但其RSD值为8.04%,蒽酮硫酸法测定酱油总糖含量的准确度低于其他两种方法。因此,直接滴定法和苯酚硫酸法的精密度、重现性、稳定性良好,理论上均具有可行性,蒽酮硫酸法不适合用于广式酱油总糖含量的测定。酱油中总糖含量是反映酱油品质的基本指标之一,筛选出适合酱油总糖含量的检测方法,对实际酱油生产监控和产品加工过程的品质控制都有重要意义,同时也为酱油总糖含量测定方法标准的制定提供一定的实验参考。

基于微波/超声两步法的咖啡渣中油脂和酚类提取

富含油脂和酚类的咖啡渣通过生物发酵产生的有毒有害物质将会危害生态环境和人类健康,同时油脂和酚类也是能源、化工等领域的重要原料.因此,提出采用微波/超声两步法提取咖啡渣中咖啡油和酚类,对咖啡油和酚类的提取率均达到90%.通过GC-MS鉴定咖啡油中脂肪酸,表明咖啡油在得到较好保留的同时富含不饱和脂肪酸.通过HPLC-MS鉴定提取的酚类,其主要组分为绿原酸、没食子酸,并且得到了较为完整的保留.研究同时对酚类进行体外抗氧化性分析,结果表明其抗氧化性优于目前广泛应用的原料.因此,研究为实现咖啡渣中咖啡油和酚类的高效提取及高生物活性保留提供了参考依据.

基于总糖、可溶性蛋白和酚酸含量的新疆蔷薇果实营养品质评价

【目的】深入挖掘新疆地区的蔷薇果实种质资源,了解其主要营养成分差异,为蔷薇果品质改良及开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以单叶蔷薇、密刺蔷薇、宽刺蔷薇和弯刺蔷薇等10种新疆蔷薇果为试验材料,测定果实中总糖、可溶性蛋白和酚酸的含量并进行方差分析、相关性分析及聚类分析,运用隶属函数法对10种新疆蔷薇果实进行差异分析和营养品质综合评价。【结果】单叶蔷薇果实的总糖和酚酸含量最高,分别为125.54、9.09 mg·g^(-1),现代月季‘天山祥云’果实的总糖和酚酸含量最低,分别为102.90、4.78 mg·g^(-1);可溶性蛋白含量最高的是‘天山祥云’,为46.68 mg·g^(-1),最低的是宽刺蔷薇,为28.51 mg·g^(-1)。相关性分析表明,蔷薇果的酚酸与总糖含量呈极显著正相关,可溶性蛋白与酚酸和总糖均呈现极显著负相关。聚类分析结果显示,10种新疆蔷薇果可分为3个类群,第1类是弯刺蔷薇、疏花蔷薇1、宽刺蔷薇、托木尔蔷薇和尖刺蔷薇;第2类是单叶蔷薇;第3类包括疏花蔷薇2、‘天山祥云’、密刺蔷薇和伊犁蔷薇,可根据不同需求和目标选择相应的果实类群。平均隶属函数值可排序为:单叶蔷薇>密刺蔷薇>弯刺蔷薇>伊犁蔷薇>托木尔蔷薇>尖刺蔷薇>疏花蔷薇1>宽刺蔷薇>疏花蔷薇2>‘天山祥云’。【结论】蔷薇属果实具有较高的食用价值和药用价值,但不同蔷薇果中总糖、可溶性蛋白和酚酸含量差异较大,该研究结果可为蔷薇属果实的开发利用提供一定的参考依据和理论支撑。

固定化芽孢杆菌的制备及苯酚降解性能研究

酚类物质被广泛应用于石油化工、焦化、塑料等领域,含酚废水易对生态环境造成潜在风险。本研究采用海藻酸钠(SA)及聚乙烯醇(PVA)对芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)进行固定化包埋,考察固定化菌的机械性能及对苯酚的降解效果。研究结果表明,普通包埋法添加3%SA+8%PVA和5%SA+4%PVA的固定化菌球降解性能较好,300 mg/L苯酚19 h的去除率达到97.27%和98.54%,菌球机械强度较弱,可重复利用3次。反复冻融法制备的固定化菌块的机械强度明显增强,可循环利用30次,同时降解速度逐渐加快,在第30次循环利用中6 h内可以将300 mg/L的苯酚全部降解,本研究可为固定化微生物的制备技术和酚类物质降解提供理论支撑。