A phenomenological model for plastic flow behavior of rotating band material with a large temperature range

The plastic flow behavior of the rotating band material is investigated in this paper. The rotating band material is processed from H96 brass alloy, which is hardened to a much higher yield strength compared to the annealed one. The dynamically uniaxial compression behavior of the material is tested using the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) with temperature and strain rate ranging from 297 to 1073 K and500 to 3000 s^(-1), respectively, and a phenomenological plastic flow stress model is developed to describe the mechanical behavior of the material. The material is found to present noticeable temperature sensitivity and weak strain-rate sensitivity. The construction of the plastic flow stress model has two steps. Firstly, three univariate stress functions, taking plastic strain, plastic strain rate and temperature as independent variable, respectively, are proposed by fixing the other two variables. Then, as the three univariate functions describe the special cases of flow stress behavior under various conditions, the principle of stress compatibility is adopted to obtain the complete flow stress function. The numerical results show that the proposed plastic flow stress model is more suitable for the rotating band material than the existing well-known models.

Differences of Phenomenological Reduction and Fusion of Horizons in Analyzing Literary Works——Analysis of Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown from the Perspectives of Phenomenological Reduction and Fusion of Horizons

Edmund Husserl's first important move about phenomenology is the"phenomenological reduction"which means that we should reduce the external world to the contents of our consciousness alone. However, Hans-Georg Gadamer holds the opinion that all interpretation of a past work consists in a dialogue between past and present(Eagleton, T. 2009:62). Gadamer's famous theory is fusion of horizons which means that the event of understanding comes about when our own"horizon"of historical meanings and assumptions"fuses"with the"horizon"within which the work itself is placed. The present thesis takes Hawthorne's YoungGoodmanBrown as an example to illustrate different understandings when readers apply the two different theories.

Phenomenological Anisotropic Study of Surface Finish in Pack Rolling

A phenomenological anisotropic model has been presented for the surface roughness modeling of pack rolling. The model is an assembly of grains in different orientations and sizes. The grain size is assumed to be in log-normal distribution. To model the macro anisotropic mechanical behavior of the grains induced by the slip deformation, the grains are assumed as isolated anisotropic units. The units have different mechanic behavior, and depend on the crystallographic orientations and the external loading as well as the interaction of the adjunctive grains. In the paper, the material properties of the grains are assumed as uniform distributions. The roughness of the contact surfaces depends on the distribution types and the scatters of the distributions. It is found that the initial roughness of the contact surfaces has a little influence on the surface roughness when the rolling deformation is large. The comparison between the phenomenological model and crystallographic model shows that the phenomenological model can also give out a reasonable result, while it only takes much less CPU time. The agreement between the single sheet model and the pack rolling model shows that in a certain degree the pack rolling model can be replaced by the single sheet model to decrease the CPU time.

Differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive symptoms from delusions in schizophrenia: A phenomenological approach

Several studies suggest increased prevalence-rates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms(OCS) and even of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) in patients with schizophrenic disorders. Moreover, it has been recently proposed the existence of a distinct diagnostic subgroup of schizo-obsessive disorder. However, the further investigation of the OCS or OCD-schizophrenia diagnostic comorbidity presupposes the accurate clinical differential diagnosis of obsessions and compulsions from delusions and repetitive delusional behaviours, respectively. In turn, this could be facilitated by a careful comparative examination of the phenomenological features of typical obsessions/compulsions and delusions/repetitive delusional behaviours, respectively. Thiswas precisely the primary aim of the present investigation. Our examination included seven features of obsessions/delusions(source of origin and sense of ownership of the thought, conviction, consistency with one's belief-system, awareness of its inaccuracy, awareness of its symptomatic nature, resistance, and emotional impact) and five features of repetitive behaviours(aim of repetitive behaviours, awareness of their inappropriateness, awareness of their symptomatic nature, and their immediate effect on underlying thought, and their emotional impact). Several of these clinical features, if properly and empathically investigated, can help discriminate obsessions and compulsive rituals from delusions and delusional repetitive behaviours, respectively, in patients with schizophrenic disorders. We comment on the results of our examination as well as on those of another recent similar investigation. Moreover, we also address several still controversial issues, such as the nature of insight, the diagnostic status of poor insight in OCD, the conceptualization and differential diagnosis of compulsions from other categories of repetitive behaviours, as well as the diagnostic weight assigned to compulsions in contemporary psychiatric diagnostic systems. We stress the importance of the feature of mental reflexivity for understanding the nature of insight and the ambiguous diagnostic status of poor insight in OCD which may be either a marker of the chronicity of obsessions, or a marker of their delusionality. Furthermore, we criticize two major shortcomings of contemporary psychiatric diagnostic systems(DSM-IV, DSM-V, ICD-10) in their criteria or guidelines for the diagnosis of OCD or OCS: first, the diagnostic parity between obsessions and compulsions and, second, the inadequate conceptualization of compulsions. We argue that these shortcomings might artificially inflate the clinical prevalence of OC symptoms in the course of schizophrenic disorders. Still, contrary to a recent proposal, we do not exclude on purely a priori grounds the possibility of a concurrence of genuine obsessions along with delusions in patients with schizophrenia.

Phenomenological description of semi-soft nematic elastomers

Nematic elastomers are new materials that have many remarkable properties.In this article,we study how nonlinear elasticity of semi-soft nematic elastomers can be described phenomenologically.We start with a theory based on strain tensor only,and then continue to develop a phenomenological description with the liquid crystal order tensor included explicitly.Such a description has the virtue of being able to treat the strain tensor and the liquid crystal order tensor equally and thus making the complicated symmetries of nematic elastomers easier to understand.

Experiences of Staying Healthy in Relationally Demanding Jobs: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study of Work-Engaged Nurses in the Hospital

Background: Based on the experience of hospital nurses, the aim of this study is to explore the phenomenon of how work-engaged nurses stay healthy in relationally demanding jobs involving very sick and/or dying patients. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with ten work-engaged nurses employed at the main hospital in one region in Norway. The interviews were interpreted using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method (IPA). Results: The results indicate the importance of using the personal resources: authenticity and a sense of humour for staying healthy. The nurses’ authenticity, in the sense of having a strong sense of ownership towards their personal life experiences, and a sense of having a meaningful life in line with their own values and interests, was an important element when they considered their own health to be good in spite of repetitive strain injuries and perceived stress. These personal resources seem to be positively related to their well-being and work engagement, which serves as an argument for including them among other personal resources, often conceptualized in terms of Psychological Capital (PsyCap). The results also showed that the nurses worked actively and intentionally with conditions that could contribute to safeguarding their own health. Conclusion: The results indicated the importance of stimulating the nurses’ area of knowledge about caring for themselves in order to enable them to maintain good physical and mental health. A focus on self-care should be part of the agenda as early as during nursing education.

Critical Factors in Managing Relationally Demanding Jobs, in Care for Very Ill and/or Dying Patients: A Phenomenological Study among Public Hospital Nurses

Background: Workload, interpersonal relationships, professional conflict and the emotional cost of providing care are potential sources of stress and burnout among nurses. Based on experiences of hospital nurses, this paper aims to identify critical factors for nurses in managing relationally demanding situations in care for very ill and/or dying patients. Methods: In-depth interviews were carried out with six nurses, working in a medium-sized hospital in Norway. The interviews were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: The lack of identification with the core aspect of the job, relational contact with patients and relatives, and external motivation were found as potential barriers for managing relationally demanding jobs. The results also indicate that the nurses’ experiences of symptoms of burnout can be a result of demands that exceeded the nurses’ resources. A match between personal capacity and demands, mutual support among colleagues and leadership support, and contextual factors are critical to prevent the negative process of burnout. Conclusion: The results underscore the importance of an early response to employees who are beginning to struggle at work and the relevance of a true match between personal capacity and job demands. Moreover support among colleagues and leadership seems critical to prevent a negative process of burnout and help to manage relationally demanding jobs.

Spectroscopic Phenomenological Estimation of the Functional State of the Human Organism in Rate and Pathology

Express-evaluation of functional state of organism is the urgent question in connection with extension of the number of facts, affecting people in conditions of environment. Considering the variety of different effects, preferences might be given to integral activities. To our opinion, that kind of evaluation may be given by the phenomenological absorption spectroscopy analysis of biological liquids, which regards blood and its components as one and indivisible light-absorbing system without separating into individual compounds. We determine blood and its components as a system of quasi-particles in excited state. This way, all of physicochemical properties of such kind of system are formed by its effective energy characteristics, connected with absorption spectrums in UV and VIS radiation [1].

Phenomenological models of diffusivities based on local composition

In phenomenological models,diffusivity is at least a function of composition and the diffusivities at infinite dilution.An additional parameter(?),which can be determined by diffusivity in midpoint,are specially brought forward as token of fractional friction related with the interactions of same molecules in this paper,to extrapolate a new correlative equation for the mutual Maxwell-Stefan diffusivities.Furthermore,the correlative equation can be extended to calculate diffusivities in multicomponent mixtures based on binary data alone.The theoretical calculations are evaluated with published experimental data.The M-S diffusivities in a three-component liquid system are regarded as binary coefficients,the predictive results also agree with the experimental data.Results indicate that the model with additional coefficients is superior to currently used Darken methods,especially for systems of polar organic-water and those containing associative component.

On Grillet's Short Story “The Secret Room”——in a Phenomenological Reading Approach

In this paper, the authortries to make a tentative analysis on the short story “The Secret Room” by Alain Robbe Grillet, a French novelist and a contemporary world famous experimentalist of “new novel” form, through reading in phenomenological approach so as to appreciate his novel style, realize the readers esthetic imagination, meanwhile, to deepen the understanding of the process of phenomenological reading.

Phenomenological Theory of Pyroelectricity

In pyroelectric materials there is a spontaneous dielectric polarization.When raising the temperature,then a voltage appears in the system.In the present manuscript a phenomenological theory of pyroelectricity is developed.

A Phenomenological Approach of a Special Artwork

Centered on describing,understanding,and interpreting conscious experiences lived by the subject open to objects of various kinds,in the endeavour to catch some of the meaning of life,finally,in particular contexts,phenomenology provides efficient opportunities for questioning and appropriating the meaning of musical works in their complexity,depth,and dynamics.Although music is considered to be the universal language to most people,this art form(of sounds organized in melody,harmony,rhythm,texture,“color”,temporality,etc.)raises serious difficulties when it is theoretically approached in view of a better knowledge and comprehension.A hermeneutic phenomenological analysis can lead us to deciphering much more as regards the“aesthetic object”,which herein is a musical composition signed by Rodion Shchedrin.The“object”of contemplation is“Balalaika”for violin solo pizzicato.It is an uncommon piece of contemporary music we will tackle by applying the phenomenological perspective belonging to Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka.In this essay,we try to emphasize part of the inspiring potential“phenomenology of the ontopoiesis of life”that shows for living and grasping the sense of a peculiar encounter;the perceiving subject does experience with an expression of the art that exactly took its name from the“Muses”.And it matters the more so as the aesthetic experience is articulating together with an ethical,very own human,one.

Phenomenological Models of the Global Demographic Dynamics and Their Usage for Forecasting in 21st Century

A great discovery made by H. von Foerster, P. M. Mora and L. W. Amiot was published in a 1960 issue of “Science”. The authors showed that existing data for calculating the Earth’s population in the new era (from 1 to 1958) could be described with incredibly high proximity by a hyperbolic function with the point of singularity on 13 November 2026. Thus, empirical regularity of the rise of the human population was established, which was marked by explosive demographic growth in the 20th century when during only one century it almost quadrupled: from 1.656 billion in 1900 to 6.144 billion in 2000. Nowadays, the world population has already overcome 7.8 billion people. Immediately after 1960, an active search for phenomenological models began to explain the mechanism of the hyperbolic population growth and the following demographic transition designed to stabilize its population. A significant role in explaining the mechanism of the hyperbolic growth of the world population was played by S. Kuznets (1960) and E. Boserup (1965), who found out that the rates of technological progress historically increased in proportion to the Earth’s population. It meant that the growth of the population led to raising the level of life-supporting technologies, and the latter in its turn enlarged the carrying capacity of the Earth, making it possible for the world population to expand. Proceeding from the information imperative, we have developed the model of the demographic dynamics for the 21st century for the first time. The model shows that with the development and spread of Intelligent Machines (IM), the number of the world population reaching a certain maximum will then irreversibly decline. Human depopulation will largely touch upon the most developed countries, where IM is used intensively nowadays. Until a certain moment in time, this depopulation in developed countries will be compensated by the explosive growth of the population in African countries located south of the Sahara. Calculations in our model reveal that the peak of the human population of 8.52 billion people will be reached in 2050, then it will irreversibly go down to 7.9 billion people by 2100, if developed countries do not take timely effective measures to overcome the process of information depopulation.

Chinese Overseas Students’Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Their Undergraduate Intercultural Education:A Phenomenological Study

Intercultural language education has attracted much attention in the field of foreign language teaching in China during the past decades,due to the increasing number of intercultural encounters across the world as a result of globalization.However,little is known about the effectiveness of intercultural education at Chinese universities.Adopting a phenomenological research design,this paper serves as a pilot study and sets out to explore the forms of intercultural education at universities and investigate the effectiveness of undergraduate intercultural education from the perspectives of 12 Chinese students.

Phenomenological Theory for Giant Magnetoresistance Oscillation in Magnetic Multiplayer

A phenomenological theoretical model for magnetic multilayer based on Boltzmann equation and Fuchs-Sondheimer theory is studied. An oscillatory transmission coefficient (Ts) is introduced into the boundary conditions to simulate the alternate ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic coupling between the magnetic layers. The transmission coefficient has an oscillatory factor relating to the thickness of space layer. Other effects such as interface roughness on Ts are also taken into account. The numerical results for [Fe/Cr]n multilayer agree with the experimental data very well, both in the period and range of osciallation, which is leaded by the dependence of giant magnetoresistance(GMR) on layer thickness of space layer.

Experiences of Low Gestational Weight Gain: A Phenomenological Study with Pregnant Women

Low maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age infants, neural tube defects, infant death, failure to initiate breastfeeding, and childhood asthma. The advantage of qualitative research is it can provide valuable insights for health care professionals into the experience and perceptions of low gestational weight gain from the vantage point of women with first-hand lived experience. In this Heideggarian interpretive phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with low gestational weight gain were explored. Data were collected through interviews with 10 pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. Conroy’s pathway for interpretive phenomenology was utilized. A hermeneutical spiral of interpretation identified six patterns or major themes: confronting one’s mortality;defending oneself against a permanent metamorphosis into a stranger;playing with fire and brimstone;slipping under the radar;trying to find peace;and riding an emotional roller coaster. The findings point to a war that is being waged over pregnant bodies with respect to weight that leaves pregnant women fending for themselves, apparently with little help from their health care providers. Implications of the findings for health practice, education, and research are discussed.

Analysis methods in hermeneutic phenomenological research:interpretive profiles

Objective:To describe the development of interpretive profiles for a hermeneutic phenomenological research study.Methods:literature review was conducted to identify research that has used interpretive profiles.An initial interpretive profile was constructed.Results:The final outcome was an interpretive profile that contained a case summary and addressed the aims of the researcher’s study.The interpretive profile contained background material,coded excerpts,and interpretive comments.Conclusions:Interpretive profiles can assist emerging scholars in describing self-world relations and experiential variations within and across participants.Interpretive profiles can facilitate the writing of dissertations and manuscripts since the data is systematically archived and easily retrievable.

“It’s a Wild Ride”: A Phenomenological Exploration of High Maternal, Gestational Weight Gain

High maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with high birthweight, large-for-gestational-age birthweights, cesarean delivery, child overweight, and short- and long-term postpartum weight retention. In this phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with high gestational weight gain were investigated. Data were collected through interviews with pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. van Manen’s method of phenomenology was utilized. The data analysis revealed four patterns or major themes: being caught off guard;losing your bearings;hanging on for dear life;and hoping for health. The participants experienced their gestational weight gain as an unexpected “wild ride” that they could not control. The findings highlight the need for health care professionals to provide pregnant women with more support concerning gestational weight gain.

Phenomenological Exploration of Cultural Difference

How phenomenology deals with the problematic of cultural difference?The present paper explores this question in the frameworks of Edmund Husserl(1859-1938)and Alfred Schutz(1899-1959).Husserl dealt with the problem of cultural difference and cultivated the position of cultural universalism in his phenomenological thinking.He insisted on the idea of universalism that originates in ancient Greek and he demonstrated this idea of universalism through the discourse of the life-world.Even though Husserl does not focus on the issue of cultural difference,yet his notion of appresentation is useful to explicate this issue.Schutz also handled the problematic of cultural difference with help of appresentation,though in implicit manner.Aiming at an exploration of cultural difference on the track of both Husserl and Schutz,the present paper concludes that the concept of appresentation proves to be crucially relevant in this respect.

Exploring Healthcare Experiences and Needs of Children with ADHD, Jordanian Mothers Perspective: A Phenomenological Study Protocol

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD is a common behavioral problem among children in the world as in Jordan. However, Children with ADHD were significantly less likely to have appropriate health care services when they need health care. Thus, phenomenological study is important and needed as a gap exists in the literature concerning the health care experiences and needs of children with ADHD from the parents’ perspective. Accordingly, this study will conduct to gain an in-depth understanding of the healthcare experiences and needs of children with ADHD. Aim: The aim of the current qualitative study is to explore and describe the health care experiences and health care needs of children with ADHD from their mothers’ perspectives within the context of the phenomenological approach. Study Method: Descriptive phenomenological research design. Semi-structured interview will be conducted with the mothers of children with ADHD who will be recruited purposefully from special Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders Medical Clinics in order to ensure and to confirm the diagnosis from the specialist there. Data will be transcribed, managed and analyzed using descriptive, phenomenological analysis. The Jordan University Ethics Committee approved the study. Discussion: The findings of this study will make an original contribution to our knowledge about the health care experiences and health care needs of children with ADHD from their mothers’ perspectives within the context of the phenomenological approach, in order to help health care providers in general, and nurses, in particular, to provide optimal health care services for children with ADHD that address the children physical and mental health care needs of the highest priority from mothers’ perspectives.