Damage Mechanism of CK2 and IKAROS in Philadelphia Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by immature and poorly differentiated B lymphocytes in large numbers in the blood. B cells are distinct from the cell types involved in their development (common lymphoid progenitor cells, pro-B cells, pre-B cells, and mature cells). The process of B cell maturation depends on precise communication within the cell: signals activate specific genes that are essential for proper development. Errors in this intricate signaling network can lead to issues with B cell function and contribute to disease. B-lineage acute lymphoid leukemias, malignancies of precursor-stage B lymphoid cells inhibit lymphoid differentiation, leading to abnormal cell proliferation and survival. The process of developing leukemia (leukemogenesis) can be triggered by an overproduction of both hematopoietic stem cells (the cells that form all blood cells) and the immature versions of white blood cells called lymphoblasts. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (ALL Ph) is classified as a high-risk manifestation of the disease, this chromosome is the product of the reciprocal translocation, whose product is a BCR-ABL fusion protein. It is a highly active tyrosine kinase that can transform hematopoietic cells into cytokine-independent. Hyperphosphorylation cascades inhibit the differentiating function of IKZF1 as a tumor suppressor gene which leads to an abnormal proliferation of B cells due to the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome;it inhibits the differentiating process, leukemogenesis involving immature B cells in the bloodstream can result from the uncontrolled growth and division of hematopoietic stem cells and immature lymphoblasts (the precursors to B cells).

The Philadelphia chromosome in leukemogenesis

The truncated chromosome 22 that results from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) is known as the Phila?delphia chromosome(Ph) and is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML).In leukemia cells,Ph not only impairs the physiological signaling pathways but also disrupts genomic stability.This aberrant fusion gene encodes the breakpoint cluster region?proto?oncogene tyrosine?protein kinase(BCR?ABL1) oncogenic protein with persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase activity.The kinase activity is responsible for maintaining proliferation,inhibiting differentia?tion,and conferring resistance to cell death.During the progression of CML from the chronic phase to the accelerated phase and then to the blast phase,the expression patterns of different BCR?ABL1 transcripts vary.Each BCR?ABL1 transcript is present in a distinct leukemia phenotype,which predicts both response to therapy and clinical outcome.Besides CML,the Ph is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia,acute myeloid leukemia,and mixed?phenotype acute leukemia.Here,we provide an overview of the clinical presentation and cellular biology of different phenotypes of Ph?positive leukemia and highlight key findings regarding leukemogenesis.

Chronic myeloid leukemia-from the Philadelphia chromosome to specific target drugs:A literature review

Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm and was the first neoplastic disease associated with a well-defined genotypic anomaly―the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome.The advances in cytogenetic and molecular assays are of great importance to the diagnosis,prognosis,treatment,and monitoring of CML.The discovery of the breakpoint cluster region(BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia(ABL)1 fusion oncogene has revolutionized the treatment of CML patients by allowing the development of targeted drugs that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(known as TKIs)are the standard therapy for CML and greatly increase the survival rates,despite adverse effects and the odds of residual disease after discontinuation of treatment.As therapeutic alternatives,the subsequent TKIs lead to faster and deeper molecular remissions;however,with the emergence of resistance to these drugs,immunotherapy appears as an alternative,which may have a cure potential in these patients.Against this background,this article aims at providing an overview on CML clinical management and a summary on the main targeted drugs available in that context.

Efficacy of Nilotinib versus Imatinib in Philadelphia Positive Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Early Chronic Phase Who Have a Warning Molecular Response to Imatinib

Background and Objectives: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for approximately 15% of newly diagnosed cases of leukemia in adults. In this study, the efficacy of nilotinib at 400 mg BID is compared with imatinib at 400 mg BID in CML patients with suboptimal molecular response after at least 12 months of daily dose 400 mg of imatinib therapy. Patients and Methods: This study included a total number of 50 patients, divided into two groups (25 patients each). The first group (Group I): Patients received imatinib at 400 mg BID, second group (Group II): Patients had a suboptimal molecular response to imatinib and received nilotinib at 400 mg BID in early chronic phase. During the two years period of data collection, the primary end included median survival. The secondary end included response rate, type of response, duration of response and progression free survival. Also side effects were recorded. Patients were followed up every month by complete and differential blood counts, liver function test, renal function test and (PCR) every three months for two year. Results: Nilotinib group had significantly higher frequency of major molecular response (MMR) where 23 (92%) patients achieved it while only 16 (64%) patients in Imatinib group achieved MMR (P = 0.01). Nilotinib had better toxicities profile than Imatinib. Conclusion: Both Nilotinib and high dose Imatinib achieved response in CML patients with suboptimal response with rapid and deeper molecular response, better survival outcomes and less side effects in nilotinib.

Unusual cytogenetic abnormalities associated with Philadelphia chromosome

Cytogenetic abnormalities are the hallmark of leukemias. We report here two cases of unusual cytogenetic abnormalities associated with Philadelphia chromosome, one with mixed phenotypic acute leukemia showing monosomy 7 and t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) and the other with chronic myeloid leukemia and additional translocation involving chromosomes 10 and 13. Both patients achieved complete remission following imatinib based treatment.

China Tourism Goes to Philadelphia Travel & Adventure Show

The Sixth Philadelphia Travel & Adventure Show took place at Pennsylvania Convention Center in Philadelphia, the USA, from March 9 to 1 0. China National Tourist Office, New York, used pandas and Peking Opera symbolic meaning as the key visual style,"Beautiful China" national tourism brand as the theme to present "China Beyond Imaginations , in Philadelphia, delivered news about tourism in China and caught attention of lots of participants.

NCPA May Festival 2019 Closing Concert: The Philadelphia Orchestra

Date: May 17-18, 2019 Venue: National Center for the Performing Arts Prices: RMB 280, 480, 600, 780, 900, 1080, 1280 The Philadelphia Orchestra is one of the preeminent orchestras in the world, renowned for its distinctive sound, desired for its keen ability to capture the hearts and imaginations of audiences, and admired for a legacy of imagination and innovation on and off the concert stage.

The Philadelphia Orchestra’s Triumphal Return to China

MUSIC is an internationalart,enabling people allover the world to com-municate with and understand eachother.The first cultural troupe sentby the American government to visitChina 20 years ago was the Philadel-phia Orchestra.Their perform-ances contributed greatly to Sino-American cultural exchange andpromoted friendship between theAmerican and Chinese people.InMay 1993 the Philadelphia Orches-tra came to China again as theAmerican people’s cultural

Recentand Forthcoming Events

Asia 2024'Happy Chinese New Year at University of Malaya On January 17,China Cultural Center in Kuala Lumpur launched the"Happy Chinese NewYear"series of activities at the University of Malaya to celebrate the upcoming Year of the Dragon in the Chinese Lunar Calendar。

Recent and Forthcoming Events

The‘Spring Cup’Table Tennisand Badminton International Championship Held by China Cultural Centerin Benin。On March 16,China Cultural Center in Benin,together with the Benin Badminton and Table Tennis Association,held the 2024"Spring Cup"Table Tennis and Badminton International Championship at the Palace of Arts,Entertainment and Sports in Cotonou.More than 100 athletes from China,Benin,Togo,India and other countries gathered to show their talents.

奥雷巴替尼治疗复发伴T315I突变费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效及安全性(附5例)

目的:探索奥雷巴替尼治疗复发伴T315I突变费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia,Ph^(+)ALL)患者的疗效及安全性。方法:收集该院2021年12月至2023年05月确诊复发伴T315I突变Ph^(+)ALL患者的临床资料,分析复发患者应用奥雷巴替尼后的疗效及安全性。结果:5例复发伴T315I突变Ph^(+)ALL患者应用奥雷巴替尼后,5例患者均达CR,其中3例患者达CMR、MRD(-),2例患者达CR、MRD(+)。所有患者从开始口服奥雷巴替尼到评估达CR的中位时间为37(26~58)天,复发后再次获得CR,到疾病进展或死亡或随访截止的中位PFS时间为92(47~320)天,从患者开始口服奥雷巴替尼到患者死亡或随访截止的中位OS时间为208(115~370)天。截止随访时间,2例患者处于无病存活状态、1例患者因肺部严重感染死亡、2例患者因疾病再次复发死亡。不良反应以骨髓抑制、肝功能、肾功能异常为主,未发生使患者中断治疗的不良反应。结论:奥雷巴替尼治疗伴T315I突变或复合突变的Ph^(+)ALL患者治疗效果良好且不良反应尚可耐受。

TKIs联合化疗治疗成人Ph阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效及预后分析

目的:探讨成人费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia,Ph+ALL)患者化疗及酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKI)联合化疗作为首次诱导治疗的疗效及预后。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2023年10月就诊于宁夏医科大学总医院的60例成人Ph+ALL患者临床特点、生物学特征及完全缓解情况,分析其疗效及预后。结果:首次诱导治疗后达到完全缓解率(complete response,CR)的患者有43例,占71.67%(43/60),其中单纯化疗组7例,占41.18%(7/17),TKI+化疗组CR率为36例,占83.72%(36/43),且两组差异具有统计学意义(P=0.003)。单纯化疗组患者的2年总生存(overall survival,OS)率为28.2%,TKI联合化疗组患者的2年OS率为56%,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.041)。移植组与非移植组患者2年OS率76.9%vs. 51.9%,5年OS率56.1%vs. 19.4%,(P=0.003);2年无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)率38.5%vs. 12.1%(P=0.018),二者差异均具有统计学意义。单因素预后分析示,是否选择TKI、初次诱导治疗后是否获得CR和是否骨髓移植对OS预后差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);白细胞计数、是否选择TKI对患者无复发生存(relapse-free survival,RFS)率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cox多因素预后分析示,诱导治疗后获得CR、后续接受造血干细胞移植为患者OS的独立预后因素。结论:Ph+ALL诱导治疗方案中,TKI+化疗诱导治疗方案能够实现早缓解,高缓解率,总生存期方面优于单纯化疗。缓解后进行骨髓造血干细胞移植治疗Ph+ALL预后良好。

Regarding an Oceanic Crust/Upper Mantle Geochemical Signature at the KT Boundary:If not from Chicxulub Crater,then Where Did it Come from?

Evidence for a mantle and/or basaltic component in KT boundary distal ejecta is apparently inconsistent with ejection from Chicxulub Crater since it is located on;5km thick continental crust（De Paolo et al.,1983;Montanari et al.,1983;Hildebrand and Boynton,1988,1990）.This evidence,along with ejected terrestrial chromites（Olds et al.,2016）suggest the impact sampled terrestrial mafic and/or ultramafic target rocks which are not known to exist in the Chicxulub target area.Possible resolutions to the paradox are:1)the existence of an unmapped/unknown suture in Yucatan Platform basement,2)an additional small unmapped/unknown impact site on oceanic lithosphere,or 3)an additional large impact on oceanic lithosphere or continental margin transitional to oceanic lithosphere.The third hypothesis is elaborated here since:1)Ophiolites nearest to Chicxulub crater are found in Cuba and apparently were obducted in latest Cretaceous/earliest Danian times（García-Casco,2008）,inconsistent with the documented Eocene collision of Cuba with the Bahamas platform;and 2)Cuba hosts the world’s thickest known KT boundary deposits（Iturralde-Vinent,1992;Kiyokawa et al.,2002;Tada et al.,2003）.These and geometric considerations suggest oceanic crust and upper mantle rock,exposed as ophiolite in the Greater Antilles island chain,marks the rim of a roughly 700 km diameter impact basin deformed and dismembered from an originally circular form by at least 50 million years of left-lateral shear displacement along the North American-Caribbeantransform plate boundary.

基于CiteSpace分析的糖尿病风险预测核心指标集构建

目的:全面挖掘剖析中国知网(CNKI)数据库内糖尿病风险预测指标领域相关文献的研究现状、研究热点和未来趋势,初步构建糖尿病风险预测核心指标集。方法:对中国知网(CNKI)数据库自2000年1月1日—2023年12月31日有关糖尿病风险预测指标的相关文献进行检索,并对纳入文献的作者、关键词通过CiteSpace软件的特定算法进行科学化分析,生成可视化知识图谱。结果:研究共纳入988篇文献并对其进行统计分析,糖尿病风险预测指标领域的发文量呈上升趋势,且近2年来增幅明显。研究团队数量较多但各团队之间作者没有相互合作。形成9个关键词聚类。研究热点主要集中于生化检验、糖脂代谢、降钙素原对糖尿病的预测作用。结论:初步构建包含空腹血糖、血脂、体质指数、尿酸、脂联素在内的糖尿病风险预测核心指标集,未来需要进一步采用专家会议、半结构化访谈、德尔菲调查、共识会议等方法,逐步完善并最终确定糖尿病风险预测核心指标集,为构建糖尿病风险预测模型提供参考。

Administration of imatinib in the first 90 days after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background Relapse happens frequently after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation （alIo-HCT） in the patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia （Ph^＋ ALL）. Detection of the minimal residual disease （MRD） before and after alIo-HCT is associated with higher relapse rate. Early administration of imatinib after alIo-HCT may prevent recurrent Ph^＋ ALL. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of imatinib in preventing hematological relapse when imatinib was administrated in the first 90 days after alIo-HCT. Methods Patients with Ph^＋ ALL that underwent alIo-HCT were enrolled in a prospective study. A TaqMan-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RQ-PCR） technique was used to detect the MRD （bcr-abl transcript levels）. Imatinib therapy was initiated prior to 90 days after alIo-HCT if the patient＇s absolute neutrophil count （ANC） was above 1.0×10^9/L （without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor （G-CSF） administration） and the platelet count was greater than 50.0×10^9/L, or if the bcr-abl transcript levels were elevated in two consecutive tests, or if the bcr-abl transcript levels were 〉10.2 after the initial engraftment. The initial daily dose of imatinib was 400 mg/d for adults and 260 mg/m^2 for children （younger than 17 years）. Imatinib was administered for at least I month and the bcr-abl TaqMan results were negative for 3 consecutive tests, or complete molecular remission （CR^mol） was sustained for at least 3 months. Results From May 2005 to October 2008, 29 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom, 19 patients were male and 10 were female. The median age of the enrolled patients was 33 years （range 6-50 years）. Imatinib therapy was started at a median time of 60 days （range 20-122 days） post HCT （only one patient started Imatinib therapy at 122nd day after HCT）. Twenty-five adult patients could tolerate a dose of 300-400 mg/d of imatinib, and three children tolerated a dose of 260 mg·m^2·d^-1. Sixty-eight percent of the patients experienced various adverse events during imatinib therapy, hematological toxicity being the most common adverse event. The median duration of imatinib treatment was 3 months （range 7 days-18 months）. During the median follow-up of 24 months （range 16.0-54.5 months）, 3 out of 27 patients that could be evaluated for efficacy died from relapse. The 3-year probability of relapse for the evaluated patients was （11.34-0.61）%. The relapse rates among the subgroup of positive and negative bcr-abl patients before allo-HCT were 13.6% and 0, respectively （P 〉0.05）. The relapse rates among the subgroups of bcr-abl positive and negative patients after alIo-HCT were 20.0% and 5.9%, respectively （P 〉0.05）. The relapse rates among the patients in first complete remission （CR1） and second complete remission/non-remission （CR2/NR） before transplantation were 0 and 31.4%, respectively （P 〈0.05）. The 3-year probability of overall survival （OS） and disease-free survival （DFS） for the all enrolled patients were （75.3±8.1）%. The 3-year probabilities for OS and DFS among the subgroup of patients in CR1 and CR2/NR before transplantation were （87.7±8.2）% and （54.6±15.0）%, respectively （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Administration of irnatinib at a dose of 300-400 mg/d in the first 90 days after allo-HCT is feasible in Ph^＋ ALL patients. With this treatment, bcr-abl positive patients before or after transplantation do not have a higher relapse rate after allo-HCT compared with the bcr-abl negative patients. Because of lower relapse rate and better OS and DFS, we recommend that Ph^＋ ALL patients receive allo-HCT in CRI.

Efficacy and prognostic factors of imatinib plus CALLG2008 protocol in adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A CALLG2008 protocol was developed by the Chinese Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cooperative Group for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL）. We retrospectively analyzed 153 newly diagnosed adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome （Ph）-positive ALL enrolled into imatinib （400 mg/d） plus CALLG2008 regimen between 2009 and 2015. The median age was 40 years （range, 18-68 years）, with 81 （52.3%） males. The overall hematologic complete remission （CR） rate was 96.7% after induction. With a median follow-up of 24.2 months, the estimated 3-year overall survival （OS） and event-free survival （EFS） rates were 49.5% （95% confidence interval （CI）： 38.5%-59.5%） and 49.2% （95% CI： 38.3%-59.2%）, respectively. Fifty-eight （36 with haploidentical donor） patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem call transplantation （allo-HSCT） in first CR. Among the patients in CR1 after induction, both the 3-year OS and EFS were significantly better in the allo-HSCT group than in the without alIo-HSCT group （73.2%, 95% CI： 58.3%-83.5% vs. 22.2%, 95% CI： 8.7%-39.6% and 66.5%, 95% CI： 50.7%-78.2% vs. 16.1%, 95% CI： 5.1%-32.7%, respectively）. Multivariate analysis showed that alIo-HSCT and achievement of major molecular response were associated with favorable OS or EFS independently. Interestingly, in the alIo-HSCT cohort, the donor type （haploidentical versus matched donors） had no significant impact on EFS or OS. All these results suggested that imatinib plus CALLG2008 was an effective protocol for Ph-positive ALL. Haploidentical donors can also be a reasonable alternative expedient donor pool.

基于COMe板的CompactPCI Express主模块设计

主模块是CompactPCI Express总线工业控制计算机系统的核心,担负系统的初始化、控制、运算等任务。提出了一种基于COMe板的快速实现主模块设计的方法,对各种接口设计的规则进行了详细的描述。在电路设计过程中通过仿真保证了高速串行电路的信号完整性。模块已经投入使用,在应用过程中性能稳定。

Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia with masses and osteolytic lesions： finding of 18F-FDG PET/CT

Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia is controversial and difficult to distinguish from the blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. As a myeloid neoplasm, rare cases of this leukemia manifest multiple soft-tissue tumors or bone lyric lesions. In this paper, we describe a 49-year-old male patient who had an abrupt onset with sharp chest pain, fever, fatigue, emaciation, and splenomegaly. 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography （18F-FDG PET/CT） result showed diffuse and uneven hypermetabolic lesions in the bone marrow with peripheral bone marrow expansion, multiple soft tissue neoplasms with high 18F-FDG uptake, and lyric bone lesions. Bone marrow smear and biopsy detected aberrant blast cells expressing myeloid rather than lymphoid immunophenotype marker. For the existence of Philadelphia chromosome and BCR-ABL1 fusion gene together with complex chromosome abnormalities, a diagnosis of Philadelphia-positive acute myeloid leukemia was made, although the type （de novo or blast crisis） remained unclear.