Expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten in liver of athymic mice with hepatocellular carcinoma and the effect of Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction

AIM： To explore the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） in liver of athymic mice with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and the effect of Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction （FJD）. METHODS： Forty eight male BALB/c athymic mice models were built by Bel-7402 with an indirect method. After 24 h of postoperation, the 48 athymic mice were distributed randomly into 4 groups： A, B, C, D, each group had 12 athymic mice. Group A were were treated by intragastric administration with FT207 （Tegafur） for 4 wk. Group B, C and D were treated by intragastric administration with FJD （complex prescription of Chinese crude drug） that had been delegated into 3 kinds of density as the low, middle, and high for 4 wk. At last, athymic mice were put to death, live time, volume of tumors, exponent of tumors and the tumor metastasis in livers were observed; and PTEN was detected in hepatic tissue, latero-cancer tissue and cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Four weeks later, the total survival rate in treatment group （A ＋ B ＋ C） was 50% and higher than the control group （0%） treated by FT207, （P 〈 0.01）. The survival rate in group A, B, C was higher than in group D, and except group A with D, there was significant differentces （Fisher＇s Exact Test P = 0.05 or 0.01）. And no differences were observed between the treatment groups and the control group in volume of tumors and exponent of tumors （P 〉 0.05）. Tumor metastasis in livers of the treatment group was less than the controls （Fisher＇s Exact Test, P = 0.021）. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the intensity of PTEN in latero-cancer tissue was the highest, and then the hepatic tissue, the lowest was cancer tissue （Kruskal- Wallis test, X^2 = 60.67, P = 0.000）. It also showed that the intensity of PTEN in treatment groups （A, B, C） was higher than the control group （D） （F = 5.90, P = 0.002 in hepatic tissue and F = 15.99, P = 0.000 in latero-cancer tissue and X^2 = 26.08, P = 0.000 in cancer tissue）, and group B is the highest in the treatment groups （P 〈 0.05, r = 0.01. respectively）. However, there was no significant statistic difference between group A and group C （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： FJD can prolong the survival time and decrease tumor metastasis in livers of these experimental mice. Mechanisms of FJD healing HCC may partially be explained by enhancing the expression of PTEN in liver.

phosphatase and tensin homolog is a differential diagnostic marker between nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM: To investigate the protein expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in human liver biopsies of patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease.METHODS: PTEN protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver sections of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (n = 44) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (n = 25). Liver resections obtained from 3 healthy subjects candidate for partial liver donation served as controls. Histological evaluations were performed by two experienced pathologists, and diagnoses established based on international criteria. The intensity of the PTEN staining in nuclei was compared between steatotic and non-steatotic areas of each liver fragment analyzed. For each liver specimen, the antibody-stained sections were examined and scored blindly by three independent observers, who were unaware of the patients’ clinical history.RESULTS: In healthy individuals, PTEN immunostaining was intense in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of all hepatocytes. However, PTEN was strongly downregulated in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from steatotic areas in patients with NAFLD, independently of the disease stage. In contrast, no changes in PTEN protein expression were observed in patients with ALD, regardless of the presence of steatosis or the stage of the disease. The degree of PTEN downregulation in hepatocytes of patients with NAFLD correlated with the percentage of steatosis (r = 0.3061, P = 0.0459) and the BMI (r = 0.4268, P = 0.0043). Hovewer, in patients with ALD, PTEN expression was not correlated with the percentage of steatosis with or without obesity as a confounding factor (P = 0.5574). Finally, PTEN expression level in steatotic areas of ALD patients was significantly different from that seen in steatotic areas of NAFLD patients (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: PTEN protein expression is downregulated early in NAFLD, but not in ALD. PTEN immunohistochemical detection could help in the differential diagnosis of NAFLD and ALD.

Is NEDD4-1 a negative regulator of phosphatase and tensin homolog in gastric carcinogenesis?

The expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN ), a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently downregulated in gastric carcinomas due to mutation, loss of heterozygosity, and promoter hypermethylation. However, it is unknown if additional mechanisms may account for the down-regulation of PTEN expression. While neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-1 (NEDD4-1) is believed to be a potential dual regulator of PTEN, there are conflicting reports regarding their interaction. To gain further insight into the role of NEDD4-1 and its association with PTEN in gastric carcinoma development, we measured the protein expression of NEDD4-1 and PTEN in gastric mucosae with various pathological lesions and found that NEDD4-1 increased from normal gastric mucosa to intestinal metaplasia and decreased from dysplasia to gastric carcinoma. These changes did not correlate with PTEN expression changes during gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, we found similar results in protein levels in the primary tumors and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. These results differ from a previous report showing that expression of NEDD4-1 is up-regulated in gastric carcinomas, and show a more complex pattern of NEDD4-1 gene expression during gastric carcinogenesis.

Dual regulatory role for phosphatase and tensin homolog in specification of intestinal endocrine cell subtypes

AIM:To investigate the impact of phosphatase and tensin homolog(Pten) in the specification of intestinal enteroendocrine subpopulations.METHODS:Using the Cre/loxP system,a mouse with conditional intestinal epithelial Pten deficiency was generated.Pten mutant mice and controls were sacrificed and small intestines collected for immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Blood was collected on 16 h fasted mice by cardiac puncture.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure blood circulating ghrelin,somatostatin(SST) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide(GIP) levels.RESULTS:Results show an unexpected dual regulatory role for epithelial Pten signalling in the specification/differentiation of enteroendocrine cell subpopulations in the small intestine.Our data indicate that Pten positively regulates chromogranin A(CgA) expressing subpopulations,including cells expressing secretin,ghrelin,gastrin and cholecystokinin(CCK).In contrast,Pten negatively regulates the enteroendocrine subtype specification of non-expressing CgA cells such as GIP and SST expressing cells.CONCLUSION:The present results demonstrate that Pten signalling favours the enteroendocrine progenitor to specify into cells expressing CgA including those producing CCK,gastrin and ghrelin.

Antagonizing adipose tissue-derived exosome miR-103-hepatocyte phosphatase and tensin homolog pathway alleviates autophagy in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis:A trans-cellular crosstalk

BACKGROUND Obesity plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).However,the underlining mechanism is still unclear,where adipose tissue(AT)derived exosomes may actively participate.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are commonly secreted from exosomes for cell communication.Though the regulation of miR-103 on insulin sensitivity has been reported,the specific role of AT-derived exosomes miR-103 in NASH is still vague and further investigation may provide novel therapeutic choices.AIM To determine the specific role of AT-derived exosomes miR-103 in developing NASH through various methods.METHODS The expression levels of miR-103 in the AT-derived exosomes and livers were detected and compared between NASH mice and control.The effect of miR-103 on NASH progression was also explored by antagonizing miR-103,including steatosis and inflammation degree changes.The interaction between miR-103 and the autophagy-related gene phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.The role of the interaction between miR-103 and PTEN on autophagy was verified in NASH-like cells.Finally,the effects of miR-103 from adipose-derived exosomes on NASH and autophagy were analyzed through animal experiments.RESULTS The expression of miR-103 was increased in NASH mice,compared to the control,and inhibition of miR-103 could alleviate NASH.The results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed miR-103 could interact with PTEN.MiR-103-anta decreased p-AMPKa,p-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and p62 but increased the protein levels of PTEN and LC3-II/I and the number of autophagosomes in NASH mice.Similar results were also observed in NASH-like cells,and further experiments showed PTEN silencing inhibited the effect of miR-103-anta.AT derivedexosome miR-103 aggravated NASH and increased the expressions of p-AMPKa,p-mTOR,and p62 but decreased the protein levels of PTEN and LC3-II/I and the number of autophagosomes in mice.CONCLUSION AT derived-exosome increased the levels of miR-103 in the liver,and miR-103 aggravated NASH.Mechanically,miR-103 could interact with PTEN and inhibit autophagy.

Rapid construction of phosphatase and tensin homolog-deleted on chromosome ten gene recombinant adenovirus using the AdEasy system

Recent studies have shown that phosphatase and tensin homolog-deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） gene plays an important role in ischemic brain damage and synaptic plasticity. The AdEasy system, which has been widely used, greatly simplifies preparation of recombinant adenovirus. Therefore, recombinant defective adenovirus vector carrying human PTEN tumor suppressor gene （Ad-PTEN） was constructed using the AdEasy-1 system and was transfected into HEK293 cells for packaging and amplification. Infection efficiency and expression intensity were observed in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons infected with Ad-PTEN in vitro. Results revealed a cytopathic effect in green fluorescent protein expression, which increased with prolonged time. After three cycles of amplification, the adenovirus titer was increased to an adequate titer for infecting hippocampal neurons. The entire process typically requires 4-5 weeks for completion. Results suggested that recombinant defective adenovirus vector carrying the PTEN gene was successfully and rapidly constructed using the AdEasy system.

The Effect of Phosphatase and Tension Homolog (PTEN) on Homeostasis of the Periodontal Ligament

Aim: Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) has been known to maintain homeostatic control over the body. The roles of PTEN in periodontal complex are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PTEN in periodontal structures by removing PTEN from osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Materials and Methods: The function of this endogenous PTEN was evaluated by conditionally eliminating the PTEN gene using an Osteocalcin (OCN) Cre driver. The resulting OCN-Cretg/+;Ptenfl/fl mice were examined using micro-CT and histology, immunohistochemical analyses for osteogenic markers in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone turnover. Results: Bone apposition was increased around molar areas accompanying deposition of cementum in micro CT. Osteoprogenitor markers except for OCN in the PDL maintained their expression in both wild-type and OCN-Cretg/+;Ptenfl/fl mice. Both alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoclast activity increased in the PDL of OCN-Cretg/+;Ptenfl/fl mice compared to those in wild-type mice. Conclusions: Loss of PTEN causes an increase of bone turnover in the periodontal surrounding tissues with an increase of cementogenesis. These findings underscore the effect of PTEN on homeostasis of the periodontal ligament.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog expression related to cetuximab effects in colorectal cancer patients: A meta-analysis

AIM: To investigate the correlation between expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and cetuximab effects in colorectal cancer. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and ASCO to identify eligible studies. Finally, 8 randomized control studies were included in the meta-analysis. STATA 10.0 Software was used to investigate heterogeneity among individual studies and to summarize all the studies. Risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS: Compared with 20 of 266 patients with loss of PTEN, 206 of 496 patients with intact PTEN protein expression had a better objective response rate to cetuximab-based therapy (RR, 4.75; 95% CI, 2.59-8.72; P < 0.001). PTEN positivity was associated with better progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.675; 95% CI, 0.473-0.964; P = 0.031) but not with better overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.608; 95% CI, 0.411-0.899; P = 0.013). In patients with KRAS wild-type status, PTEN positivity did not predict a longer PFS or OS (PFS: HR, 0.707; 95% CI, 0.440-1.138; P = 0.154; OS: HR, 0.943; 95% CI, 0.646-1.377; P = 0.761). CONCLUSION: Expression of PTEN is related to the effect of cetuximab in colorectal cancer patients and should be considered in treatment with cetuximab.

Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha gene expression in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression

To examine phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN),hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) gene expressions and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein expression in the patients with human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.Methods The expression of PTEN,HIF-1 alpha gene was detected by using in situ hybridization,and the VEGF expression levels by immunohistochemistry in colorectal adenomas and primary colorectal adenocarcinoma.Results Strong expression of HIF-1 alpha was detectable in the majority of colorectal dadenocarcinoma,particularly surrounding areas of necrosis in adenocarcinoma.PTEN,HIF-1 alpha mRNA and VEGF protein were positive in 51.6%,67.7% and 59.7% respectively in 62 cases of adenocarcinomas,and 77.8%,44.4% and 33.3% respectively in 18 cases of adenomas.The positive rate of VEGF was higher in the patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas than that in those with adenomas,whereas that of PTEN mRNA was contrary.HIF-1 mRNA expression was correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis,Duke’s stage and recurrence.During colorectal tumor progression,the expression of HIF-1 alpha mRNA was positively correlated with the VEGF protein expression (χ2= 4.751 ,P<0.05),but negatively with the PTEN mRNA expression(χ2=21.84,P<0.01).Conclusion The absence or low expression of PTEN and the increased levels of HIF-1α and VEGF may paly an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma.These results suggest that VEGF upregulated by HIF-1 alpha gene may be involved in angiogenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.4 refs,1 tab.

Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies critical role of phosphatase and tensin homologous (PTEN) in sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia to chemotherapy

Although significant progress has been made in the development of novel targeted drugs for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)in recent years,chemotherapy still remains the mainstay of treatment and the overall survival is poor in most patients.Here,we demonstrated the antileukemia activity of a novel small molecular compound NL101,which is formed through the modification on bendamustine with a suberanilohydroxamic acid(SAHA)radical.NL101 suppresses the proliferation of myeloid malignancy cells and primary AML cells.It induces DNA damage and caspase 3-mediated apoptosis.A genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)library screen revealed that phosphatase and tensin homologous(PTEN)gene is critical for the regulation of cell survival upon NL101 treatment.The knockout or inhibition of PTEN significantly reduced NL101-induced apoptosis in AML and myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)cells,accompanied by the activation of protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway.The inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)by rapamycin enhanced the sensitivity of AML cells to NL101-induced cell death.These findings uncover PTEN protein expression as a major determinant of chemosensitivity to NL101 and provide a novel strategy to treat AML with the combination of NL101 and rapamycin.

lncRNA MEG8通过调控miR-367-3p/PTEN介导慢性阻塞性肺疾病发展的分子机制研究

目的 探究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)MEG8通过调控miR-367-3p/磷酸酶张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)介导慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发展的分子机制。方法 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测16HBE细胞和COPD组织lncRNA MEG8表达水平;在香烟烟雾提取物(CSE)刺激后的16HBE细胞中过表达lncRNA MEG8及加入miR-367-3p inhibitor后同时敲减lncRNA MEG8或PTEN,采用MTT法、流式细胞术、酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫印迹法检测细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和炎症因子水平的变化;利用双荧光素酶报告系统对lncRNA MEG8、miR-367-3p、PTEN的靶向关系进行验证。结果 MEG8在CSE刺激的16HBE细胞和COPD临床组织样本中表达降低(P<0.05)。相比于CSE组,过表达MEG8后CSE刺激的16HBE细胞凋亡和炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平降低(P<0.05),促凋亡蛋白Bax、Caspase3和Cleaved-caspase3表达水平降低(P<0.05),凋亡抑制因子Bcl-2表达水平升高(P<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证了MEG8可靶向抑制miR-367-3p(P<0.05),同时miR-367-3p可靶向抑制PTEN的表达(P<0.05),进而抑制CSE刺激的16HBE细胞的凋亡和炎症反应(P<0.05)。在CSE刺激下,相较于Control组,加入miR-367-3p inhibitor可显著上调16HBE细胞中PTEN的蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),增强细胞增殖活性(P<0.05),减少细胞凋亡(P<0.05),显著下调促凋亡蛋白Bax、Caspase 3和Cleaved-caspase3的表达水平(P<0.05),上调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达水平(P<0.05),抑制炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平(P<0.05),随后敲降MEG8或PTEN可恢复PTEN的蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),抑制细胞增殖活性(P<0.05),逆转miR-367-3p inhibitor导致的细胞凋亡(P<0.05)以及对凋亡相关蛋白的调控作用(P<0.05),增强炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平(P<0.05)。结论 MEG8通过调控miR-367-3p/PTEN轴抑制CSE刺激的16HBE细胞的凋亡和炎症反应,并可能为临床COPD的治疗提供新的治疗策略。

miR-21低表达对垂体瘤细胞系RC-4BC增殖、凋亡的影响及与PTEN靶向关系

目的观察微小RNA-21(miR-21)低表达对垂体瘤细胞系RC-4BC增殖、凋亡的影响,并分析其与第10号染色体丢失的张力蛋白同源磷酸酶基因(PTEN)的靶向关系。方法取对数生长期的RC-4BC细胞分为两组,沉默组转染miR-21抑制物miR-21 inhibitor,阴性对照组转染抑制物阴性对照NC-inhibitor,采用RT-PCR法检测miR-21、第10号染色体丢失的张力蛋白同源磷酸酶基因(PTEN)mRNA,采用CCK8实验观察两组细胞增殖能力(以OD值表示),采用平板克隆实验观察两组细胞集落形成能力(以集落形成数表示),采用流式细胞术观察两组细胞凋亡率并观察细胞周期分布情况。收集RC-4BC细胞制备单细胞悬液,分别将miR-21 mimics或NC-mimics与PTEN-WT或PTEN-MUT共转染至RC-4BC细胞,转染后细胞标记为miR-21 mimics+PTEN-WT组、NC-mimics+PTEN-WT组、miR-21 mimics+PTEN-MUT组、NC-mimics+PTEN-MUT组,采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-21与PTEN的靶向关系。结果沉默组RC-4BC细胞中miR-21、PTEN mRNA相对表达量分别为0.30±0.08、2.89±0.14,阴性对照组RC-4BC细胞中miR-21、PTEN mRNA相对表达量分别为1.01±0.02、0.99±0.03,两组相比,P均<0.05。沉默组RC-4BC细胞24 h、48 h、72 h时OD值均低于阴性对照组(P均<0.05)。沉默组RC-4BC细胞集落形成数低于阴性对照组(P<0.05)。沉默组RC-4BC细胞凋亡率高于阴性对照组(P<0.05)。沉默组RC-4BC细胞G0/G1期占比65.65%±7.82%、S期占比19.25%±3.70%,阴性对照组RC-4BC细胞G0/G1期占比45.62%±5.03%、S期占比35.72%±4.67%,两组相比,P均<0.05。miR-21 mimics+PTEN-WT组、NC-mimics+PTEN-WT组、miR-21 mimics+PTEN-MUT组、NC-mimics+PTEN-MUT组细胞的相对荧光素酶活性分别为0.39±0.07、1.02±0.03、1.01±0.04、1.00±0.03,其中miR-21 mimics+PTEN-WT组相对荧光素酶活性与其他各组相比,P均<0.05。结论沉默miR-21能够移至垂体瘤细胞系RC-4BC的增殖、促进其凋亡,其机制可能与靶向调控PTEN基因有关。

自身免疫性肝病患者血清PRDX1、PTEN水平及其与肝功能、疾病活动性的关系

目的探讨过氧化物氧化还原蛋白(PRDX)1、第10号染色体缺失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)水平与自身免疫性肝病患者肝功能、疾病活动性的关系。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月该院收治的83例自身免疫性肝病患者作为研究对象,根据入院时疾病活动性分为活动期组(37例)、缓解期组(46例),统计两组临床资料及入院时血清PRDX1、PTEN水平,同时对患者进行肝功能Child-Pugh分级并分组。选取同期体检的100例健康志愿者作为对照组。采用多因素Logistic逐步回归分析自身免疫性肝病患者疾病活动性的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)分析治疗后血清PRDX1、PTEN水平对自身免疫性肝病患者疾病活动性的评估价值。结果与A级组比较,B级组血清PRDX1、PTEN水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而C级组血清PRDX1水平升高,PTEN水平降低(P<0.05);与B级组相比,C级组血清PRDX1水平升高、PTEN水平降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,缓解期组血清PRDX1、PTEN水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而活动期组血清PRDX1水平升高、PTEN水平降低(P<0.05);与缓解期组相比,活动期组血清PRDX1水平升高、PTEN水平降低(P<0.05)。血清PRDX1、PTEN判断自身免疫性肝病患者疾病活动性的AUC分别为0.750、0.854,二者联合预测的AUC为0.916。活动期组患者肝区不适、肝硬化占比高于缓解期组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示,肝区不适(OR=3.487,95%CI:1.534~7.927),肝硬化(OR=4.289,95%CI:1.744~10.545),PRDX1≥5.22 ng/mL(OR=5.068,95%CI:1.951~13.164),PTEN≤0.31 pg/mL(OR=5.387,95%CI:2.099~13.829)是影响自身免疫性肝病疾病活动性的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清PRDX1水平升高、PTEN水平降低与自身免疫性肝病患者肝功能、疾病活动性密切相关,二者对自身免疫性肝病患者具有一定临床评估价值。

PTEN、CA125、sVEGFR1、NGAL在子宫内膜癌患者血清中的表达及与病理特征的关系

目的 探讨第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(PTEN)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1(sVEGFR1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质载运蛋白(NGAL)在子宫内膜癌(EC)患者血清中的表达及与病理特征的关系。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年6月于在邯郸市第一医院行全子宫切除术并经病理诊断的120例EC患者为研究组,选择同期80例良性病变子宫内膜患者为对照组,用酶联免疫吸附法检测并比较2组患者血清PTEN、CA125、sVEGFR1、NGAL水平,收集2组临床病理资料,分析血清PTEN、CA125、sVEGFR1、NGAL与研究组患者病理特征的关系。结果 研究组血清CA125、NGAL水平高于对照组,血清PTEN、sVEGFR1水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。分化程度越低血清CA125、NGAL水平越高,血清PTEN、sVEGFR1水平越低(P<0.05);临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者血清PTEN高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(P<0.05);临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、浸润深度≥50%患者血清CA125、NGAL水平升高,血清sVEGFR1水平降低(P<0.05)。血清PTEN与临床分期呈负相关,与分化程度呈正相关(P<0.05);血清CA125、NGAL与临床分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度呈正相关,与分化程度呈负相关(P<0.05);血清sVEGFR1与临床分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度呈负相关,与分化程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 CA125、NGAL在EC患者血清中呈高表达,PTEN、sVEGFR1呈低表达,均与EC患者病理特征有一定相关性,可作为EC早期诊断与疾病进展的潜在生物学标志物。

姜黄素调控PTEN/miR⁃182⁃5p轴抑制乳腺癌发生发展的机制研究

目的探究姜黄素调控人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(PTEN)PTEN/miR⁃182⁃5p轴抑制乳腺癌发生发展的机制。方法取人乳腺癌细胞株MCF⁃7进行体外培养并获得对数生长期细胞,加入不同浓度姜黄素,比较不同浓度姜黄素对乳腺癌细胞的抑制效率;按照实验需求,将体外培养的MCF⁃7细胞分为正常对照组、A组(姜黄素处理)、B组(姜黄素+转染miR⁃182⁃5p模拟物)、C组(姜黄素+转染PTEN抑制剂BpV+miR⁃182⁃5p抑制物),通过RT⁃PCR检测各组细胞PTEN、miR⁃182⁃5p表达水平;Western blot检测与细胞增殖、凋亡、转移侵袭相关的KI67、半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase 3)、基质金属蛋白酶⁃2(MMP⁃2)以及MMP⁃9蛋白表达水平。结果姜黄素处理24 h、48 h均对乳腺癌细胞MCF⁃7的增殖具有抑制作用,且随姜黄素浓度升高抑制率呈上升趋势:80μmol/L抑制率>60μmol/L抑制率>40μmol/L抑制率>20μmol/L抑制率(F=276.512、255.478,P<0.05)。与正常对照组比较,A、B、C三组PTEN表达水平均升高(F=11.536,P<0.05),miR⁃182⁃5p表达水平均降低(F=10.896,P<0.05);与正常对照组比较,A、B、C组KI67、MMP⁃2、MMP⁃9蛋白表达均下降(F=10.569、10.412、8.210,P<0.05),Caspase 3表达上升(F=11.911,P<0.05)。结论姜黄素可通过调控PTEN/miR⁃182⁃5p轴,促进凋亡因子Caspase 3表达,抑制细胞增殖、转移及侵袭相关蛋白表达,发挥对乳腺癌发生发展过程的抑制。

miR-181b-5p靶向PTEN介导PI3K/Akt通路对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤增殖和侵袭的影响

目的探讨微小RNA(miR)-181b-5p靶向调控10号染色体上缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(PTEN)对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法第3代对数期SU-DHL-4细胞随机分为control组、mimic NC组、mimic组、inhibitor NC组和inhibitor组,qRT-PCR法检测各组miR-181b-5p和PTEN基因表达量,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖率,Transwell实验检测迁移和侵袭细胞数,双荧光素酶报告基因检测miR-181b-5p和PTEN之间的靶向关系,蛋白印迹法检测PTEN、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(p-PI3K)和磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)蛋白表达量。结果与mimic NC组比较,mimic组miR-181b-5p基因表达量以及p-PI3K和p-Akt蛋白表达量升高,PTEN基因和蛋白表达量降低,细胞增殖率及迁移和侵袭率升高(P<0.05);与inhibitor NC组比较,inhibitor组miR-181b-5p基因表达量以及p-PI3K和p-Akt蛋白表达量降低,PTEN基因和蛋白表达量升高,细胞增殖率及迁移和侵袭率降低(P<0.05)。从机制上看,miR-181b-5p靶向调控PTEN。结论下调miR-181b-5p可抑制弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,其可能是通过靶向调控PTEN激活PI3K/Akt信号通路发挥作用。

非诺贝特对糖尿病小鼠视网膜神经组织中miR-26a-5p/PTEN表达的影响

目的:研究非诺贝特对糖尿病小鼠视网膜神经损伤的保护作用并观察其对miR-26a-5p及其靶基因PTEN的影响。方法:构建糖尿病小鼠模型,并进行非诺贝特灌胃,H&E及透射电镜观察视网膜神经损伤情况,Real-time PCR检测视网膜组织中miR-26a-5p的表达,Western blotting检测同源性磷酸酶-张力蛋白(PTEN)在视网膜组织中的表达,并观察NF-κB及IL-1β的水平及视网膜神经上皮的结构变化。结果:与糖尿病组相比,非诺贝特治疗组糖尿病小鼠视网膜神经节细胞损伤及神经纤维层萎缩明显减轻,视网膜中miR-26a-5p表达升高,PTEN mRNA和蛋白表达下降,炎性介质NF-κB及IL-1βmRNA表达水平下降(P<0.05)。结论:非诺贝特通过上调miR-26a-5p抑制PTEN的表达,降低炎症因子水平,减轻视网膜细胞损伤,发挥糖尿病视网膜神经保护作用。

Micro RNA-21 promotes phosphatase gene and protein kinase B/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase expression in colorectal cancer

AIM: To explore the regulatory mechanism of the target gene of micro RNA-21(mi R-21), phosphatase gene(p TEN), and its downstream proteins, protein kinase B(AKT) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(p I3K), in colorectal cancer(CRC) cells. METHODS: Quantitative real-time p CR(q RT-p CR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of mi R-21 and p TEN in HCT116, HT29, Colo32 and SW480 CRC cell lines. Also, the expression levels of p TEN m RNA and its downstream proteins AKT and p I3 K in HCT116 cells after downregulating mi R-21 were investigated. RESULTS: Comparing the mi R-21 expression in CRC cells, the expression levels of mi R-21 were highest in HCT116 cells, and the expression levels of mi R-21 were lowest in SW480 cells. In comparing mi R-21 and p TEN expression in CRC cells, we found that the protein expression levels of mi R-21 and p TEN were inversely correlated(p < 0.05); when mi R-21 expression was reduced, m RNA expression levels of p TEN did not significantly change(p > 0.05), but the expression levels of its protein significantly increased(p < 0.05). In comparing the levels of p TEN protein and downstream AKT and p I3 K in HCT116 cells after downregulation of mi R-21 expression, the levels of AKT and p I3 K protein expression significantly decreased(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: p TEN is one of the direct target genesof mi R-21. Thus, phosphatase gene and its downstream AKT and p I3 K expression levels can be regulated by regulating the expression levels of mi R-21, which in turn regulates the development of CRC.

PTEN基因在鸡肝脏中的发育性变化

为了研究抑癌基因PTEN在家禽肝脏发育过程中的表达变化,试验选取50枚海兰褐受精蛋,在孵化的第15,18,20天[E15、E18、E20(啄壳为准)]和出壳后第1,5,10,15天(D1、D5、D10、D15)各取6枚(只)鸡胚/雏鸡,用乙醚麻醉后颈椎脱臼致死,取肝脏并提取基因组,采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学方法对PTEN基因在家禽肝脏发育过程中的表达变化进行研究。结果表明:PTEN基因相对表达量随着胚龄/日龄的增长而增加,但在啄壳当天,PTEN基因相对表达量会暂时下降。PTEN蛋白在出壳前期主要分布在部分肝血窦内皮细胞的细胞核和肝细胞的细胞核中,在细胞质中基本无表达;在出壳后,PTEN蛋白在肝细胞核和细胞浆内均有分布。E20,免疫阳性PTEN蛋白的表达量下降,和E15水平相当(P>0.05),在其他胚龄/日龄时均显著高于E15(P<0.05)。肝细胞核PTEN蛋白免疫阳性率在E18显著高于E15(P<0.05);在E20和D15,肝细胞核PTEN蛋白免疫阳性率急剧下降,均显著低于E18(P<0.05);在D5~D15,肝细胞核PTEN蛋白免疫阳性率逐渐增加,均显著高于E15(P<0.05)。PTEN基因的这种表达模式和鸡胚/雏鸡肝脏的发育模式基本一致,说明家禽PTEN基因在肝脏发育和代谢中发挥重要作用。

基于UBA2/PTEN/PI3K/Akt通路探讨蔓荆子黄素对结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的 基于泛素样修饰激活酶2(UBA2)/磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)通路探究蔓荆子黄素对结直肠癌SW480细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法 取对数生长期的SW480细胞,对照组细胞常规培养,蔓荆子黄素组细胞加入10μmol/L蔓荆子黄素培养,UBA2抑制剂组细胞加入0.5μmol/L UBA2抑制剂培养,蔓荆子黄素+UBA2抑制剂组细胞加入10μmol/L蔓荆子黄素和0.5μmol/L UBA2抑制剂共培养。CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖情况,克隆形成实验观察细胞的单克隆形成能力,划痕实验观察细胞的迁移能力,Transwell实验观察细胞的侵袭能力,Western blot法检测细胞中UBA2/PTEN/PI3K/Akt通路相关蛋白表达情况。结果 CCK-8实验和克隆形成实验显示,UBA2抑制剂组和蔓荆子黄素+UBA2抑制剂组培养72 h后的细胞增殖吸光度OD值明显低于蔓荆子黄素组(P均<0.05),细胞克隆形成数量均明显少于蔓荆子黄素组(P均<0.05),UBA2抑制剂组和蔓荆子黄素+UBA2抑制剂组培养不同时间的细胞增殖吸光度OD值和细胞克隆形成数量比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。划痕实验和Transwell实验显示,UBA2抑制剂组和蔓荆子黄素+UBA2抑制剂组划痕间距均明显宽于蔓荆子黄素组(P均<0.05),穿膜细胞数量均明显少于蔓荆子黄素组(P均<0.05),UBA2抑制剂组和蔓荆子黄素+UBA2抑制剂组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。蔓荆子黄素组、UBA2抑制剂组和蔓荆子黄素+UBA2抑制剂组细胞中PTEN蛋白相对表达量均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05),UBA2、p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白相对表达量均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05);UBA2抑制剂组和蔓荆子黄素+UBA2抑制剂组细胞中PTEN蛋白相对表达量均明显高于蔓荆子黄素组(P均<0.05),UBA2、p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白相对表达量均明显低于蔓荆子黄素组(P均<0.05),UBA2抑制剂组和蔓荆子黄素+UBA2抑制剂组UBA2、PTEN、p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白相对表达量比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 蔓荆子黄素可能通过抑制UBA2/PTEN/PI3K/Akt信号通路发挥抗结直肠癌SW480细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的能力。