Aim: Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) has been known to maintain homeostatic control over the body. The roles of PTEN in periodontal complex are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ...Aim: Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) has been known to maintain homeostatic control over the body. The roles of PTEN in periodontal complex are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PTEN in periodontal structures by removing PTEN from osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Materials and Methods: The function of this endogenous PTEN was evaluated by conditionally eliminating the PTEN gene using an Osteocalcin (OCN) Cre driver. The resulting OCN-Cre<sup>tg/+</sup>;Pten<sup>fl/fl </sup>mice were examined using micro-CT and histology, immunohistochemical analyses for osteogenic markers in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone turnover. Results: Bone apposition was increased around molar areas accompanying deposition of cementum in micro CT. Osteoprogenitor markers except for OCN in the PDL maintained their expression in both wild-type and OCN-Cre<sup>tg/+</sup>;Pten<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice. Both alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoclast activity increased in the PDL of OCN-Cre<sup>tg/+</sup>;Pten<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice compared to those in wild-type mice. Conclusions: Loss of PTEN causes an increase of bone turnover in the periodontal surrounding tissues with an increase of cementogenesis. These findings underscore the effect of PTEN on homeostasis of the periodontal ligament.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the effects of phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN) gene on collagen metabolism in hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS rat primary hepatic stellate cells...AIM To evaluate the effects of phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN) gene on collagen metabolism in hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS rat primary hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and human LX-2 cells were transfected with adenovirus containing c DNA constructs encoding wild-type PTEN(Ad-PTEN), PTEN mutant G129 E gene(Ad-G129E), and r NA interference constructs targeting the PTEN sequence PTEN short hairpin r NA to up-regulate and downregulate the expression of PTEN. HSCs were assayed using fluorescent microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Moreover, a CCl_4-induced rat hepatic fibrosis model was established to investigate the in vivo effects. Hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome were used to assess the histological changes. The expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.RESULTS Elevated expression of PTEN gene reduced serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, decreased collagen deposition in the liver, and reduced hepatocyte necrosis. In contrast, knockdown of PTEN expression had an opposite effect, such as increased collagen deposition in the liver, and was molecularly characterized by the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13(P < 0.01) and MMP-2(P < 0.01), as well as decreased expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1(P < 0.01) and TIMP-2(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION These data indicated that gene therapy using recombinant adenovirus encoding PTEN might be a novel way of treating hepatic fibrosis.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expression of phosphatase and tension homolog(PTEN) in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Methods KKAy diabetic mice were fed with high fat diet for 4 ...Objective To investigate the expression of phosphatase and tension homolog(PTEN) in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Methods KKAy diabetic mice were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks. After blood glucose met the criteria of diabetes(over 16.7 mmol/L), mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group(without any treatment), a rosiglitazone group(treated with rosiglitazone 12.5 mg/kg·d once per day), and a metformin group(treated with metformin 3 g/kg·d twice daily). After 4 weeks, we then determined the expression of PTEN and phosphoserine 473-Akt(pS473-Akt) in the epididymal adipose tissue with Western blots. The mice in each group were further divided into the insulin(-) subgroup and insulin(+) subgroup, which were intraperitoneally injected with saline and insulin(5 mU/g body weight), respectively. Results The expression of PTEN was elevated in the epididymal adipose tissue obtained from KKAy diabetic mice compared with that from the C57BL/6J mice(P<0.001). In accordance with the enhanced expression of PTEN, the level of pS473-Akt stimulated by insulin was decreased in the adipose tissue of KKAy mice compared to the C57BL/6J mice(P<0.001). Treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agents, rosiglitazone and metformin did not inhibit the elevated expression of PTEN in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice. Conclusion PTEN may play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes mice model.展开更多
Although significant progress has been made in the development of novel targeted drugs for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)in recent years,chemotherapy still remains the mainstay of treatment and the overa...Although significant progress has been made in the development of novel targeted drugs for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)in recent years,chemotherapy still remains the mainstay of treatment and the overall survival is poor in most patients.Here,we demonstrated the antileukemia activity of a novel small molecular compound NL101,which is formed through the modification on bendamustine with a suberanilohydroxamic acid(SAHA)radical.NL101 suppresses the proliferation of myeloid malignancy cells and primary AML cells.It induces DNA damage and caspase 3-mediated apoptosis.A genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)library screen revealed that phosphatase and tensin homologous(PTEN)gene is critical for the regulation of cell survival upon NL101 treatment.The knockout or inhibition of PTEN significantly reduced NL101-induced apoptosis in AML and myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)cells,accompanied by the activation of protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway.The inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)by rapamycin enhanced the sensitivity of AML cells to NL101-induced cell death.These findings uncover PTEN protein expression as a major determinant of chemosensitivity to NL101 and provide a novel strategy to treat AML with the combination of NL101 and rapamycin.展开更多
目的研究PTEN基因与宫颈癌细胞增殖能力的关系,以探索PTEN基因在宫颈癌发生发展中的可能作用及其机制。方法 Western blot检测PTEN基因在宫颈癌细胞系HeLa、SiHa、C33A和CasKi中的表达。利用脂质体法将人工过表达PTEN载体转染低表达PTE...目的研究PTEN基因与宫颈癌细胞增殖能力的关系,以探索PTEN基因在宫颈癌发生发展中的可能作用及其机制。方法 Western blot检测PTEN基因在宫颈癌细胞系HeLa、SiHa、C33A和CasKi中的表达。利用脂质体法将人工过表达PTEN载体转染低表达PTEN的宫颈癌细胞系HeLa和C33A,通过MTT方法观察转染后PTEN过表达对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响。采用多功能过程参数分析仪,检测转染PTEN基因后宫颈癌细胞培养基中乳酸、葡萄糖及谷氨酰胺的含量,观察PTEN基因过表达对宫颈癌细胞代谢的影响。Western blot检测PTEN过表达后宫颈癌细胞中丙酮酸激酶(PKM2)、6-磷酸果糖激酶2(PFKFB3)、谷氨酰胺酶(GLS)、AKT和磷酸化的AKT(pAKT)表达情况。结果与正常宫颈上皮细胞相比,PTEN基因在4种宫颈癌细胞系中低表达。与对照组相比,过表达PTEN的HeLa和C33A细胞克隆中,PTEN基因的水平明显升高。细胞计数和MTT法也显示,过表达PTEN能够明显抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖速率(P<0.05);过表达PTEN基因的细胞培养液中葡萄糖及谷氨酰胺含量显著增多,但乳酸含量减少;同时还发现PTEN抑制了AKT的磷酸化水平并使PKM2、PFKFB3及GLS的表达水平降低。结论 PTEN基因可通过AKT途径调节细胞代谢,从而调节宫颈癌细胞的增殖。PTEN基因有可能成为宫颈癌的诊断和治疗的新靶点。展开更多
目的:研究胆囊良恶性病变组织中果蝇Zesle基因增强子2(enhancer of zesle homolog 2,EZH2)和多种进展期肿瘤突变基因(phosphatase and tension homolog,PTEN)表达水平及其临床病理意义。方法:108例胆囊腺癌、46例癌旁组织、15例腺瘤性...目的:研究胆囊良恶性病变组织中果蝇Zesle基因增强子2(enhancer of zesle homolog 2,EZH2)和多种进展期肿瘤突变基因(phosphatase and tension homolog,PTEN)表达水平及其临床病理意义。方法:108例胆囊腺癌、46例癌旁组织、15例腺瘤性息肉和35例慢性胆囊炎手术切除标本常规制作石蜡包埋切片,EZH2和PTEN染色方法为EnVisionTM免疫组织化学法。结果:胆囊腺癌EZH2表达阳性率明显高于癌旁组织(χ2=24.49,P<0.01)、腺瘤性息肉(χ2=11.68,P<0.01)和慢性胆囊炎(χ2=31.62,P<0.01);胆囊腺癌PTEN表达阳性率明显低于癌旁组织(χ2=20.20,P<0.01)、腺瘤性息肉(χ2=10.81,P<0.01)和慢性胆囊炎(χ2=29.83,P<0.01);EZH2表达阳性和(或)PTEN表达阴性的良性病变胆囊上皮均呈中至重度不典型增生;高分化腺癌、肿块最大径<2 cm、无淋巴结转移和未侵犯周围组织病例中,EZH2表达阳性率明显低于中分化和低分化腺癌、肿块最大径≥2 cm、淋巴结转移及侵犯周围组织病例(P<0.05或P<0.01),但PTEN表达则相反(P<0.05或P<0.01)。胆囊腺癌中EZH2表达与PTEN表达呈高度不一致性(χ2=5.24,P<0.05)。结论:EZH2和PTEN表达水平可能是反映胆囊腺癌发生、进展、生物学行为及预后的重要生物学标记物。展开更多
10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶与张力蛋白(phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)基因在子宫内膜癌中的严重丢失,是探讨子宫内膜癌发病机制的研究热点。PTEN基因通过影响下游磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosph...10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶与张力蛋白(phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)基因在子宫内膜癌中的严重丢失,是探讨子宫内膜癌发病机制的研究热点。PTEN基因通过影响下游磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶向(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)和丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)这3条信号途径来调节细胞的生长、增殖、凋亡以及血管生长等,该基因发生丢失或突变均可导致肿瘤的发生。本文就PTEN基因和表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)信号通路及其下游信号通路的联系与子宫内膜癌发生发展研究的最新进展进行综述,为子宫内膜癌的基因诊断和治疗提供理论参考。展开更多
文摘Aim: Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) has been known to maintain homeostatic control over the body. The roles of PTEN in periodontal complex are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PTEN in periodontal structures by removing PTEN from osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Materials and Methods: The function of this endogenous PTEN was evaluated by conditionally eliminating the PTEN gene using an Osteocalcin (OCN) Cre driver. The resulting OCN-Cre<sup>tg/+</sup>;Pten<sup>fl/fl </sup>mice were examined using micro-CT and histology, immunohistochemical analyses for osteogenic markers in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone turnover. Results: Bone apposition was increased around molar areas accompanying deposition of cementum in micro CT. Osteoprogenitor markers except for OCN in the PDL maintained their expression in both wild-type and OCN-Cre<sup>tg/+</sup>;Pten<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice. Both alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoclast activity increased in the PDL of OCN-Cre<sup>tg/+</sup>;Pten<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice compared to those in wild-type mice. Conclusions: Loss of PTEN causes an increase of bone turnover in the periodontal surrounding tissues with an increase of cementogenesis. These findings underscore the effect of PTEN on homeostasis of the periodontal ligament.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30872513
文摘AIM To evaluate the effects of phosphatase and tension homologue deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN) gene on collagen metabolism in hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS rat primary hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and human LX-2 cells were transfected with adenovirus containing c DNA constructs encoding wild-type PTEN(Ad-PTEN), PTEN mutant G129 E gene(Ad-G129E), and r NA interference constructs targeting the PTEN sequence PTEN short hairpin r NA to up-regulate and downregulate the expression of PTEN. HSCs were assayed using fluorescent microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Moreover, a CCl_4-induced rat hepatic fibrosis model was established to investigate the in vivo effects. Hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome were used to assess the histological changes. The expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.RESULTS Elevated expression of PTEN gene reduced serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, decreased collagen deposition in the liver, and reduced hepatocyte necrosis. In contrast, knockdown of PTEN expression had an opposite effect, such as increased collagen deposition in the liver, and was molecularly characterized by the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13(P < 0.01) and MMP-2(P < 0.01), as well as decreased expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1(P < 0.01) and TIMP-2(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION These data indicated that gene therapy using recombinant adenovirus encoding PTEN might be a novel way of treating hepatic fibrosis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81270878)National Key Program of Clinical Science of China(WBYZ2011-873)
文摘Objective To investigate the expression of phosphatase and tension homolog(PTEN) in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Methods KKAy diabetic mice were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks. After blood glucose met the criteria of diabetes(over 16.7 mmol/L), mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group(without any treatment), a rosiglitazone group(treated with rosiglitazone 12.5 mg/kg·d once per day), and a metformin group(treated with metformin 3 g/kg·d twice daily). After 4 weeks, we then determined the expression of PTEN and phosphoserine 473-Akt(pS473-Akt) in the epididymal adipose tissue with Western blots. The mice in each group were further divided into the insulin(-) subgroup and insulin(+) subgroup, which were intraperitoneally injected with saline and insulin(5 mU/g body weight), respectively. Results The expression of PTEN was elevated in the epididymal adipose tissue obtained from KKAy diabetic mice compared with that from the C57BL/6J mice(P<0.001). In accordance with the enhanced expression of PTEN, the level of pS473-Akt stimulated by insulin was decreased in the adipose tissue of KKAy mice compared to the C57BL/6J mice(P<0.001). Treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agents, rosiglitazone and metformin did not inhibit the elevated expression of PTEN in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice. Conclusion PTEN may play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes mice model.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY21H080005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81572920 and 82100171).
文摘Although significant progress has been made in the development of novel targeted drugs for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)in recent years,chemotherapy still remains the mainstay of treatment and the overall survival is poor in most patients.Here,we demonstrated the antileukemia activity of a novel small molecular compound NL101,which is formed through the modification on bendamustine with a suberanilohydroxamic acid(SAHA)radical.NL101 suppresses the proliferation of myeloid malignancy cells and primary AML cells.It induces DNA damage and caspase 3-mediated apoptosis.A genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)library screen revealed that phosphatase and tensin homologous(PTEN)gene is critical for the regulation of cell survival upon NL101 treatment.The knockout or inhibition of PTEN significantly reduced NL101-induced apoptosis in AML and myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)cells,accompanied by the activation of protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway.The inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)by rapamycin enhanced the sensitivity of AML cells to NL101-induced cell death.These findings uncover PTEN protein expression as a major determinant of chemosensitivity to NL101 and provide a novel strategy to treat AML with the combination of NL101 and rapamycin.
文摘目的研究PTEN基因与宫颈癌细胞增殖能力的关系,以探索PTEN基因在宫颈癌发生发展中的可能作用及其机制。方法 Western blot检测PTEN基因在宫颈癌细胞系HeLa、SiHa、C33A和CasKi中的表达。利用脂质体法将人工过表达PTEN载体转染低表达PTEN的宫颈癌细胞系HeLa和C33A,通过MTT方法观察转染后PTEN过表达对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响。采用多功能过程参数分析仪,检测转染PTEN基因后宫颈癌细胞培养基中乳酸、葡萄糖及谷氨酰胺的含量,观察PTEN基因过表达对宫颈癌细胞代谢的影响。Western blot检测PTEN过表达后宫颈癌细胞中丙酮酸激酶(PKM2)、6-磷酸果糖激酶2(PFKFB3)、谷氨酰胺酶(GLS)、AKT和磷酸化的AKT(pAKT)表达情况。结果与正常宫颈上皮细胞相比,PTEN基因在4种宫颈癌细胞系中低表达。与对照组相比,过表达PTEN的HeLa和C33A细胞克隆中,PTEN基因的水平明显升高。细胞计数和MTT法也显示,过表达PTEN能够明显抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖速率(P<0.05);过表达PTEN基因的细胞培养液中葡萄糖及谷氨酰胺含量显著增多,但乳酸含量减少;同时还发现PTEN抑制了AKT的磷酸化水平并使PKM2、PFKFB3及GLS的表达水平降低。结论 PTEN基因可通过AKT途径调节细胞代谢,从而调节宫颈癌细胞的增殖。PTEN基因有可能成为宫颈癌的诊断和治疗的新靶点。
文摘目的:研究胆囊良恶性病变组织中果蝇Zesle基因增强子2(enhancer of zesle homolog 2,EZH2)和多种进展期肿瘤突变基因(phosphatase and tension homolog,PTEN)表达水平及其临床病理意义。方法:108例胆囊腺癌、46例癌旁组织、15例腺瘤性息肉和35例慢性胆囊炎手术切除标本常规制作石蜡包埋切片,EZH2和PTEN染色方法为EnVisionTM免疫组织化学法。结果:胆囊腺癌EZH2表达阳性率明显高于癌旁组织(χ2=24.49,P<0.01)、腺瘤性息肉(χ2=11.68,P<0.01)和慢性胆囊炎(χ2=31.62,P<0.01);胆囊腺癌PTEN表达阳性率明显低于癌旁组织(χ2=20.20,P<0.01)、腺瘤性息肉(χ2=10.81,P<0.01)和慢性胆囊炎(χ2=29.83,P<0.01);EZH2表达阳性和(或)PTEN表达阴性的良性病变胆囊上皮均呈中至重度不典型增生;高分化腺癌、肿块最大径<2 cm、无淋巴结转移和未侵犯周围组织病例中,EZH2表达阳性率明显低于中分化和低分化腺癌、肿块最大径≥2 cm、淋巴结转移及侵犯周围组织病例(P<0.05或P<0.01),但PTEN表达则相反(P<0.05或P<0.01)。胆囊腺癌中EZH2表达与PTEN表达呈高度不一致性(χ2=5.24,P<0.05)。结论:EZH2和PTEN表达水平可能是反映胆囊腺癌发生、进展、生物学行为及预后的重要生物学标记物。