Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)are a family of proteins that constitute signaling pathways involved in processes that control gene expression,cell division, cell survival,apoptosis,metabolism,differentiation ...Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)are a family of proteins that constitute signaling pathways involved in processes that control gene expression,cell division, cell survival,apoptosis,metabolism,differentiation and motility.The MAPK pathways can be divided into conventional and atypical MAPK pathways.The first group converts a signal into a cellular response through a relay of three consecutive phosphorylation events exerted by MAPK kinase kinases,MAPK kinase,and MAPK.Atypical MAPK pathways are not organized into this three-tiered cascade.MAPK that belongs to both conventional and atypical MAPK pathways can phosphorylate both non-protein kinase substrates and other protein kinases.The latter are referred to as MAPK-activated protein kinases.This review focuses on one such MAPK-activated protein kinase,MAPK-activated protein kinase 5(MK5)or p38-regulated/activated protein kinase(PRAK).This protein is highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom and seems to be the target of both conventional and atypical MAPK pathways.Recent findings on the regulation of the activity and subcellular localization,bona fide interaction partners and physiological roles of MK5/PRAK are discussed.展开更多
目的:观察替米沙坦对心肌肥厚大鼠左室心肌组织中Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路的影响。方法 :清洁级健康SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组3组,每组10只。模型组和干预组给予异丙肾上腺素皮下注射,干预组在给予异丙肾上腺素注射同时灌...目的:观察替米沙坦对心肌肥厚大鼠左室心肌组织中Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路的影响。方法 :清洁级健康SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组3组,每组10只。模型组和干预组给予异丙肾上腺素皮下注射,干预组在给予异丙肾上腺素注射同时灌胃应用替米沙坦,对照组给予生理盐水皮下注射。进行心肌相关指数、病理学检测,并采用RT-PCR方法检测大鼠左心室心肌心房钠肽(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)表达,检测模型建立成功情况;模型建立成功后,各组大鼠取左心室心肌组织采用免疫组化检测磷酸化Raf(phosphorylation of Raf,p-Raf)和磷酸化细胞外调节激酶1/2(phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase1/2,p-ERK1/2)表达。结果:模型组p-Raf阳性区域平均积分光密度明显高于对照组(P=0.000),干预组介于模型组与对照组之间(P=0.041,P=0.031);模型组p-ERK1/2阳性区域平均积分光密度明显高于对照组(P=0.000),干预组介于模型组与对照组之间(P=0.0039,P=0.023)。结论:替米沙坦可能抑制p-Raf、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达而抑制Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路激活,具有抗心肌肥厚的作用。展开更多
目的:观察胍丁胺对福尔马林致炎性疼痛的镇痛作用,并研究其镇痛作用是否与影响脊髓磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase,pERK)表达有关。方法:雄性SD大鼠,180～220g,随机分为生理...目的:观察胍丁胺对福尔马林致炎性疼痛的镇痛作用,并研究其镇痛作用是否与影响脊髓磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase,pERK)表达有关。方法:雄性SD大鼠,180～220g,随机分为生理盐水对照组、福尔马林组和胍丁胺160mg/kg组,每组20只。每组12只右侧足底皮下注射5%的福尔马林50μL致痛,每5min为一个时间段,测定60min内大鼠的痛级均数。另外每组8只足底注射福尔马林后8min取L4,5脊髓,用免疫组化法检测各组脊髓切片中pERK的表达情况。结果:大鼠单侧足底注射5%福尔马林50μL后出现明显的两期伤害性行为反应。胍丁胺对福尔马林引起的疼痛反应有明显的镇痛作用,且能抑制福尔马林引起的痛觉过敏。福尔马林对大鼠单侧足底注射8min后,引起注射侧L4,5脊髓背角pERK表达量升高,160mg/kg胍丁胺(i.p.)明显抑制福尔马林引起的pERK表达量的升高。结论:胍丁胺对福尔马林引起的疼痛及痛觉过敏行为有明确的抑制作用,炎性疼痛引起脊髓pERK蛋白表达升高可能参与疼痛及痛觉过敏的形成,pERK可能参与了胍丁胺镇痛机制。展开更多
目的:观察电针对慢性炎性痛大鼠痛感觉及其所诱发情绪的干预效应及对前扣带皮层(Anterior Cingulate Cortex,ACC)和初级体感皮层后肢区域(Primary Somatosensory Cortex,Hindlimb Region,S1HL)磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶(Phosphorylated ...目的:观察电针对慢性炎性痛大鼠痛感觉及其所诱发情绪的干预效应及对前扣带皮层(Anterior Cingulate Cortex,ACC)和初级体感皮层后肢区域(Primary Somatosensory Cortex,Hindlimb Region,S1HL)磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶(Phosphorylated Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases,p-ERK)表达的影响。方法:建立完全弗氏佐剂(Complete Freund′s Adjuvant,CFA)诱导的慢性炎性痛大鼠模型。痛感觉部分:将38只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组( n =11)、模型组( n =13)、电针组( n =14),在造模前1 d、模后3 d、6 d、9 d检测大鼠患足机械缩足阈(PWTs)的变化;痛情绪部分:将62只成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组( n =21)、模型组( n =21)、电针组( n =20)进行条件性位置厌恶实验(Conditioned Place Aversion,CPA)。通过自由跑动(15 min),剔除不符合条件的大鼠,造模前1 d进行条件化前训练(45 min),模后2 h和第2天进行条件化训练(45 min),模后第3天、9天进行检测(15 min)。两部分电针组大鼠均在造模后3 d^9 d进行电针干预,选取双侧“后三里”穴,刺激参数:2/100 Hz疏密波,初始电流强度1 mA,后每10 min增加0.5 mA,共30 min,1次/d,造模后第10天取材,采用免疫荧光法(IF)和免疫印迹法(WB)检测大鼠ACC、S1HL的p-ERK的表达情况。结果:PWTs结果显示,造模后第3天、第6天、第9天,模型组与电针组大鼠PWTs较空白组显著降低( P <0.01),第9天电针组PWTs较模型组显著升高( P <0.01)。CPA检测结果显示,造模后第3天,模型组和电针组CPA score值(大鼠在条件箱停留时间差,Pre-post)较空白组显著升高( P <0.01),造模后第9天,模型组CPA score值较空白组显著升高( P <0.01),电针组CPA score值较模型组显著降低( P <0.01)。与造模后第3比较,造模后第9天模型组CPA score值显著增加( P <0.01),电针组显著降低( P <0.05)。IF检测结果显示,在左侧S1HL,模型组p-ERK免疫阳性细胞的表达较空白组和电针组有上升趋势,在右侧S1HL和双侧ACC,模型组p-ERK免疫阳性细胞的表达较空白组和电针组均显著升高( P <0.01)。WB结果显示,在双侧S1HL,模型组p-ERK1/2蛋白表达与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义。在左侧S1HL,电针组p-ERK1/2蛋白水平与模型组比较明显降低( P <0.05),在右侧S1HL,电针组p-ERK2蛋白水平与模型组比较明显降低( P <0.05),在双侧ACC区,模型组p-ERK1/2蛋白水平较空白组有上升趋势,电针组p-ERK1/2蛋白水平较模型组有下降趋势。结论:电针可提高CFA模型大鼠机械痛阈并缓解CFA大鼠厌恶情绪;该效应可能与其下调右侧S1HL中p-ERK表达水平和下调双侧ACC的p-ERK表达水平有关。展开更多
文摘Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)are a family of proteins that constitute signaling pathways involved in processes that control gene expression,cell division, cell survival,apoptosis,metabolism,differentiation and motility.The MAPK pathways can be divided into conventional and atypical MAPK pathways.The first group converts a signal into a cellular response through a relay of three consecutive phosphorylation events exerted by MAPK kinase kinases,MAPK kinase,and MAPK.Atypical MAPK pathways are not organized into this three-tiered cascade.MAPK that belongs to both conventional and atypical MAPK pathways can phosphorylate both non-protein kinase substrates and other protein kinases.The latter are referred to as MAPK-activated protein kinases.This review focuses on one such MAPK-activated protein kinase,MAPK-activated protein kinase 5(MK5)or p38-regulated/activated protein kinase(PRAK).This protein is highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom and seems to be the target of both conventional and atypical MAPK pathways.Recent findings on the regulation of the activity and subcellular localization,bona fide interaction partners and physiological roles of MK5/PRAK are discussed.
文摘目的:观察替米沙坦对心肌肥厚大鼠左室心肌组织中Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路的影响。方法 :清洁级健康SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组3组,每组10只。模型组和干预组给予异丙肾上腺素皮下注射,干预组在给予异丙肾上腺素注射同时灌胃应用替米沙坦,对照组给予生理盐水皮下注射。进行心肌相关指数、病理学检测,并采用RT-PCR方法检测大鼠左心室心肌心房钠肽(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)表达,检测模型建立成功情况;模型建立成功后,各组大鼠取左心室心肌组织采用免疫组化检测磷酸化Raf(phosphorylation of Raf,p-Raf)和磷酸化细胞外调节激酶1/2(phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase1/2,p-ERK1/2)表达。结果:模型组p-Raf阳性区域平均积分光密度明显高于对照组(P=0.000),干预组介于模型组与对照组之间(P=0.041,P=0.031);模型组p-ERK1/2阳性区域平均积分光密度明显高于对照组(P=0.000),干预组介于模型组与对照组之间(P=0.0039,P=0.023)。结论:替米沙坦可能抑制p-Raf、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达而抑制Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路激活,具有抗心肌肥厚的作用。
文摘目的:观察胍丁胺对福尔马林致炎性疼痛的镇痛作用,并研究其镇痛作用是否与影响脊髓磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase,pERK)表达有关。方法:雄性SD大鼠,180～220g,随机分为生理盐水对照组、福尔马林组和胍丁胺160mg/kg组,每组20只。每组12只右侧足底皮下注射5%的福尔马林50μL致痛,每5min为一个时间段,测定60min内大鼠的痛级均数。另外每组8只足底注射福尔马林后8min取L4,5脊髓,用免疫组化法检测各组脊髓切片中pERK的表达情况。结果:大鼠单侧足底注射5%福尔马林50μL后出现明显的两期伤害性行为反应。胍丁胺对福尔马林引起的疼痛反应有明显的镇痛作用,且能抑制福尔马林引起的痛觉过敏。福尔马林对大鼠单侧足底注射8min后,引起注射侧L4,5脊髓背角pERK表达量升高,160mg/kg胍丁胺(i.p.)明显抑制福尔马林引起的pERK表达量的升高。结论:胍丁胺对福尔马林引起的疼痛及痛觉过敏行为有明确的抑制作用,炎性疼痛引起脊髓pERK蛋白表达升高可能参与疼痛及痛觉过敏的形成,pERK可能参与了胍丁胺镇痛机制。
文摘目的:观察电针对慢性炎性痛大鼠痛感觉及其所诱发情绪的干预效应及对前扣带皮层(Anterior Cingulate Cortex,ACC)和初级体感皮层后肢区域(Primary Somatosensory Cortex,Hindlimb Region,S1HL)磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶(Phosphorylated Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases,p-ERK)表达的影响。方法:建立完全弗氏佐剂(Complete Freund′s Adjuvant,CFA)诱导的慢性炎性痛大鼠模型。痛感觉部分:将38只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组( n =11)、模型组( n =13)、电针组( n =14),在造模前1 d、模后3 d、6 d、9 d检测大鼠患足机械缩足阈(PWTs)的变化;痛情绪部分:将62只成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组( n =21)、模型组( n =21)、电针组( n =20)进行条件性位置厌恶实验(Conditioned Place Aversion,CPA)。通过自由跑动(15 min),剔除不符合条件的大鼠,造模前1 d进行条件化前训练(45 min),模后2 h和第2天进行条件化训练(45 min),模后第3天、9天进行检测(15 min)。两部分电针组大鼠均在造模后3 d^9 d进行电针干预,选取双侧“后三里”穴,刺激参数:2/100 Hz疏密波,初始电流强度1 mA,后每10 min增加0.5 mA,共30 min,1次/d,造模后第10天取材,采用免疫荧光法(IF)和免疫印迹法(WB)检测大鼠ACC、S1HL的p-ERK的表达情况。结果:PWTs结果显示,造模后第3天、第6天、第9天,模型组与电针组大鼠PWTs较空白组显著降低( P <0.01),第9天电针组PWTs较模型组显著升高( P <0.01)。CPA检测结果显示,造模后第3天,模型组和电针组CPA score值(大鼠在条件箱停留时间差,Pre-post)较空白组显著升高( P <0.01),造模后第9天,模型组CPA score值较空白组显著升高( P <0.01),电针组CPA score值较模型组显著降低( P <0.01)。与造模后第3比较,造模后第9天模型组CPA score值显著增加( P <0.01),电针组显著降低( P <0.05)。IF检测结果显示,在左侧S1HL,模型组p-ERK免疫阳性细胞的表达较空白组和电针组有上升趋势,在右侧S1HL和双侧ACC,模型组p-ERK免疫阳性细胞的表达较空白组和电针组均显著升高( P <0.01)。WB结果显示,在双侧S1HL,模型组p-ERK1/2蛋白表达与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义。在左侧S1HL,电针组p-ERK1/2蛋白水平与模型组比较明显降低( P <0.05),在右侧S1HL,电针组p-ERK2蛋白水平与模型组比较明显降低( P <0.05),在双侧ACC区,模型组p-ERK1/2蛋白水平较空白组有上升趋势,电针组p-ERK1/2蛋白水平较模型组有下降趋势。结论:电针可提高CFA模型大鼠机械痛阈并缓解CFA大鼠厌恶情绪;该效应可能与其下调右侧S1HL中p-ERK表达水平和下调双侧ACC的p-ERK表达水平有关。
