Phosphorylation of proteins is an important post-translational modification. Methods to determine the phosphorylation state of proteins are very important to evaluate diverse biological processes. CRK5 is the CDPK-rel...Phosphorylation of proteins is an important post-translational modification. Methods to determine the phosphorylation state of proteins are very important to evaluate diverse biological processes. CRK5 is the CDPK-related protein kinase in Arabidopsis, WD-repeat protein (WDRP) might be CRK5-interact-protein based on Y2H results. Here, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) further to study and visualize the interaction between CRK5 and WDRP in living cells. Then, we combined Phos-tagTM SDS-PAGE with western blot (WB) analysis, using WDRP antibody and the anti-6×His antibody, to detect phosphorylated WDRP. This approach confirmed that WDRP might be phosphorylated by CRK5 in vitro. Site mutation analysis suggested that serine-70 might be the amino acid phosphorylated by CRK5 in WDRP. Cell extracts isolated from WT, OERK5, and crk5 used to analyze the kinase reaction using recombinant WDRP as substrate. These results demonstrated that WDRP was phosphorylated by cell extracts and that there may be additional kinases that phosphorylate WDRP in Arabidopsis. Phos-tagTM SDS-PAGE thus provides a suitable and convenient method for analysis of phosphorylation in plants.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the expression of ERK and p-ERK protein in human breast cancer and their corresponding tissue, to assess the significance of ERK signal pathway in tumorigenesis and progression of breast carc...Objective: To investigate the expression of ERK and p-ERK protein in human breast cancer and their corresponding tissue, to assess the significance of ERK signal pathway in tumorigenesis and progression of breast carcinoma. Methods: 40 breast cancer cases were used in S-P immunohistochemistry technique and Western Blot study. Results: The expression of ERK1, ERK2, and p- ERK protein levels increased remarkably in breast cancer tissues in comparison to normal tissues (P<0.01). The expression was upregulated by 1.32-, 1.53-and 4.27-fold, respectively. The overexpressions of ERK1, ERK2, and p- ERK proteins were obviously correlated with clinical stage of breast cancer. Protein levels of ERK and p-ERK were higher in stage III patients than in stage I and stage II patients (P<0.05). These proteins were strongly related with axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer, but not correlated with histopathological type and status of ER and PR of breast cancer. Expression of ERK1, and ERK2, protein showed a positive linear correlation. Conclusion: ERK signal transduction pathway is a key factor during human breast tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression.展开更多
文摘Phosphorylation of proteins is an important post-translational modification. Methods to determine the phosphorylation state of proteins are very important to evaluate diverse biological processes. CRK5 is the CDPK-related protein kinase in Arabidopsis, WD-repeat protein (WDRP) might be CRK5-interact-protein based on Y2H results. Here, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) further to study and visualize the interaction between CRK5 and WDRP in living cells. Then, we combined Phos-tagTM SDS-PAGE with western blot (WB) analysis, using WDRP antibody and the anti-6×His antibody, to detect phosphorylated WDRP. This approach confirmed that WDRP might be phosphorylated by CRK5 in vitro. Site mutation analysis suggested that serine-70 might be the amino acid phosphorylated by CRK5 in WDRP. Cell extracts isolated from WT, OERK5, and crk5 used to analyze the kinase reaction using recombinant WDRP as substrate. These results demonstrated that WDRP was phosphorylated by cell extracts and that there may be additional kinases that phosphorylate WDRP in Arabidopsis. Phos-tagTM SDS-PAGE thus provides a suitable and convenient method for analysis of phosphorylation in plants.
文摘Objective: To investigate the expression of ERK and p-ERK protein in human breast cancer and their corresponding tissue, to assess the significance of ERK signal pathway in tumorigenesis and progression of breast carcinoma. Methods: 40 breast cancer cases were used in S-P immunohistochemistry technique and Western Blot study. Results: The expression of ERK1, ERK2, and p- ERK protein levels increased remarkably in breast cancer tissues in comparison to normal tissues (P<0.01). The expression was upregulated by 1.32-, 1.53-and 4.27-fold, respectively. The overexpressions of ERK1, ERK2, and p- ERK proteins were obviously correlated with clinical stage of breast cancer. Protein levels of ERK and p-ERK were higher in stage III patients than in stage I and stage II patients (P<0.05). These proteins were strongly related with axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer, but not correlated with histopathological type and status of ER and PR of breast cancer. Expression of ERK1, and ERK2, protein showed a positive linear correlation. Conclusion: ERK signal transduction pathway is a key factor during human breast tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression.
