Purification of AS-CMP effluent by combined photosynthetic bacteria and coagulation treatment

The effluent from the pulping of E. urophylla by alkali sodium sulfite chemi mechanical process(AS-CMP) was characterized for its biodegradability by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB). Chemical coagulation post treatment of biotreated wastewater was also studied. One month continuous treatment in the laboratory indicated that the COD Cr , BOD 5 and SS removals in biotreatment stages reached 56%, 83% and 89% respectively, and the CH 2Cl 2 extractives decreased from 10.7 mg/L to 7.7 mg/L. In chemical coagulation post treatment stage, the effects of process conditions, such as coagulant dosage, pH value and the coordinated coagulation flocculation treatment of three kinds of coagulants on coagulation effectiveness were discussed. The optimum operating conditions were given.

Phytosynthetic bacteria (PSB) as a water quality improvement mechanism in saline-alkali wetland ponds

The efficiency of phytosynthetic bacteria (PSB) to improve the water quality in saline alkali ponds was studied, the result showed that (1) PSB application could increase the content of DO, NO\+-\-3\|N and effective phosphorus (EP) in ponds; (2) the changes of COD were not evident, just effective in later period after PSB application; (3) PSB application could decrease the contents of NH\+-\-4\|N (NH\-3\|N), NO\+-\-2\|N ; (4) PSB application could improve the structure of the effective nitrogen (EN) and EP, stimulate the growth of phytoplankton, and increase primary productivity, and finally increase the commercial profits of ponds because of the increase of EP and the decrease of EN contents; (5) the effect exerting speed of PSB was slower, but the effect sustaining time was longer; (6) the appropriate concentration of PSB application in saline alkali wetland ponds was 10×10 -6 mg/L, one time effective period was more than 15 days. So PSB was an efficient water quality improver in saline alkali ponds.

In vitro assessment of gastrointestinal viability of two photosynthetic bacteria,Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rhodobacter sphaeroides

The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of two photosynthetic bacteria （PSB）, Rhodopseudomonas palustris HZ0301 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides HZ0302, as probiotics in aquaculture. The viability of HZ0301 and HZ0302 in simulated gastric transit conditions （pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 gastric juices） and in simulated small intestinal transit conditions （pH 8.0, with or without 0.3% bile salts） was tested. The effects of HZ0301 and HZ0302 on the viability and permeability of intestinal epithelial cell in primary culture of tilapias, Oreochrornis nilotica, were also detected. All the treatments were deter- mined with three replicates. The simulated gastric transit tolerance of HZ0301 and HZ0302 strains was pH-dependent and correspondingly showed lower viability at pH 2.0 after 180 min compared with pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. Both HZ0301 and HZ0302 were tolerant to simulated small intestine transit with or without bile salts in our research. Moreover, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05） among three treatments including the control and the groups treated with HZ0301 or HZ0302 both in intestinal epithelial cell viability and membrane permeability, showing no cell damage. In summary, this study demonstrated that HZ0301 and HZ0302 had high capacity of upper gastrointestinal transit tolerance and were relatively safe for intestinal epithelial cells of tilapias.

Generation of Hydrogen from Photolysis of Organic Acids by Photosynthetic Bacteria

Photodecomposition of ten kinds of organic acids by Rhodopseudomonas palustris for producing hydrogen has been investigated. By using acetate as hydrogen donor, dynamics of hydrogen production and cell growth has been determined; the influences of acetate concentration, temperature, light intensity and the effects of the interaction among metal ions (Fe3+, Ni2+), acetate and glutamate in aqueous solution on hydrogen production have been examined for optimizing the conditions of H2 generation. The results show that H2 production is partially correlated with cell growth; Ni2+ inhibits hydrogen production, but enhances cell growth; Fe3+ promotes hydrogen production evidently. The highest rate of H2 production is 22.1 mL L-1 h-1 under the conditions of 35 ~ 37℃, 6000 ~ 8000 lx, 30 mmolL-1 of acetate, 9 mmolL-1 of glutamate, and 50 mmolL-1 of Fe3+.

Biological treatment of high NH_4^+-N wastewater using an ammonia-tolerant photosynthetic bacteria strain (ISASWR2014)

Wastewater with high NH_4^+-N is difficult to treat by traditional methods.So in this paper,a wild strain of photosynthetic bacteria was used for high NH_4^+-N wastewater treatment together with biomass recovery.Isolation,identification,and characterization of the microorganism were carried out.The strain was inoculated to the biological wastewater treatment unit.The impacts of important factors were examined,including temperature,dissolved oxygen,and light intensity.Results showed that photosynthetic bacteria could effectively treat high NH_4^+-N wastewater.For wastewater with NH_4^+-N of 2300 mg·L^(-1),COD/N=1.0,98.3%of COD was removed,and cell concentration increased by 43 times.The optimal conditions for the strain's cell growth and wastewater treatment were 30℃,dissolved oxygen of 0.5-1.5 mg·L^(-1) and a light intensity of 4000 lx.Photosynthetic bacteria could bear a lower C/N ratio than bacteria in a traditional wastewater treatment process,but the NH_4^+-N removal was only 20%-40%because small molecule carbon source was used prior to NH_4^+-N.Also,the use of photosynthetic bacteria in chicken manure wastewater containing NH4+-N about 7000 mg·L^(-1) proved that photosynthetic bacteria could remove NH_4^+-N in a real case,finally,83.2%of NH_4^+-N was removed and 66.3%of COD was removed.

Biological formation of 5-aminolevulinic acid by photosynthetic bacteria

In this study, 7 stains of Rhodopseudomonas sp. were selected from 36 photosynthetic bacteria stains storied in our laboratory. Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain 99 28 has the highest 5 aminolevulinic acid(ALA) production ability in these 7 strains. Rhodopseudomonas sp. 99 28 strain was mutated using ultraviolet radiation and a mutant strain L 1, which ALA production is higher than wild strain 99 28 about one times, was obtained. The elements affecting ALA formation of strain 99 28 and L 1 were studied. Under the optimal condition(pH 7 5, supplement of ALA dehydratase(ALAD) inhibitor, levulinic acid(LA) and precursors of ALA synthesis, glycine and succinat, 3000 lx of light density), ALA formation of mutant L 1 was up to 22 15 mg/L. Strain L 1 was used to treat wastewater to remove COD Cr and produce ALA. ALA production was 2 819 mg/L, 1 531 mg/L, 2 166 mg/L, and 2 424 mg/L in monosodium glutamate wastewater(MGW), succotash wastewater(SW), brewage wastewater(BW), and citric acid wastewater(CAW) respectively. More than 90% of COD Cr was removed in four kinds of wastewater. When LA, glycin and succinate were supplied, ALA production was dramatically increased, however, COD Cr could hardly be removed.

Removal of Radioactivity from Sediment Mud and Soil and Use for Cultivation of Safe Vegetables in Fukushima, and Removal of Toxic Metals Using Photosynthetic Bacteria

The immobilized photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter shpaeroides SSI (SSI), cultured on porous 2 cm ceramic beads, effectively removed and recovered 20 mg/L of non-radioactive Cs (almost 100%) and Sr (≌50%), after 3 - 5 days of aerobic treatment. Toxic and heavy metals such as Hg, Cr, Pb and As were also removed, almost 100%, after 6days of aerobic treatment. A practical method of removal of radioactivity of 10 - 30 μSv/h, caused mainly by radioactive Cs released from the accident at the Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on 11th March 2011, from sediment mud and soil in Fukushima, Japan, was also carried out. Using immobilized SSI beads, more than 90% and 42% - 73% of radioactive Cs was removed and recovered from sediment mud and soil, respectively, after 3 - 14 days of aerobic treatment in an outdoor 60 L vessel. The weight and mass of the harvested beads could be reduced by more than 97% after desiccation. This technology of removal and recovery had therefore, considerable advantages over other technologies that demanded very large storage facilities in Fukushima. After removal of radioactivity from polluted soil, vegetables like Komatsuna (Turrip leaves) and Chingensai (Green pakchoi) were cultivated on remediated soil. Safe vegetables grown on these treated soils showed a radioactivity content lower than the recommended limit for edible foods in Japan, i.e. less than <100 Bq/kg. Treatment by SSI beads, therefore, appeared to be a compact and suitable technology that could make significant contributions towards agricultural recovery in radioactively polluted areas of Fukushima.

RESEARCH ON BATCH AND CONTINUOUS CULTURES OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA P4 STRAIN

The utilization of various media with photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) P4 strain was analyzed. Malate and acetate as carbon sources were more suitable for the growth of P4 than other carbon sources. In batch culture, the influence of the change of the concentration of composition and illumination intensity on the specific growth rate of P4 was studied. Quantitative mathematical models of the relation between them were established. The maximum growth rate (μm=0.167 h-1) and the maximum growth yield (ym=2.84 g/L) were derived. In continuous culture, if the culture is proceeded under the darkaerobic condition, the aeration rate might be maintained at a low level (0.04～0.06 vvm), which is beneficial for the growth of P4. If the culture is in chemostat and the dilution rate (D) is 0.144 h-1,μm could reach 0.189 h-1 and ym would 6.75 g/L.

Treatment of Chinese Traditional Medicine Wastewater by Photosynthetic Bacteria

The influence factors treating wastewater of Chinese traditional medicine extraction by photosynthetic bacteria are tested and discussed. The results indicate that the method of photosynthetic bacteria can eliminate COD and BOD from wastewater in high efficiency. And it also has high load shock resistance. On the conditions of slight aerobic and semi-darkness, treating wastewater of Chinese traditional medicine extraction, the method has better efficiency to eliminate COD and BOD from the wastewater than those by anaerobic illumination and aerobic darkness treatments. After pretreatment of hydrolytic acidization, the removal rate of COD in the wastewater reached more than 85 %, and that rate of BOD reached more than 90% in the treating system of photosynthetic bacteria. It may be more feasible and advantageous than traditional anaerobic biological process to treat organic wastewater using PSB system.

Removal of Sodium from Seawater Medium Using Photosynthetic Bacteria

The removal of sodium (Na) from seawater using two photosynthetic bacteria was investigated using Rhodobacter sphaeroides SSI (SSI) and Rhodovulum sp. which is a marine photosynthetic bacterium. Both Rhodovulum sp. and acclimated SSI were shown to grow well in a 3% NaCl supplemented glutamate-malate medium. The maximum rate of Na removal was 39.3% by SSI and 64.9% by Rhodovulum sp. after two days cultivation under static light conditions. However, Na was re-released back into the medium after two to three days. When a nutrient-supplemented seawater medium (3.3% NaCl, 13.10 gNa/l) was used, the maximum Na removal rates were 30.3% (9.05 gNa/l) by SSI and 48.9% (6.69 gNa/l) by Rhodovulum sp., under static light conditions. Similar growth and Na removal rates were found under aerobic dark cultivation. In this case, no re-release of Na was observed with either bacterium. Two stages culturing was conducted first, with Rhodovulum sp. and then with SSI replacement. The Na concentration was reduced to 0.79 gNa/l (94.0% removal) after cultivation for eight days under aerobic darkconditions. The supernatant was applied successfully as a liquid fertilizer in the cultivation of Japanese radish.

Influence of Metal Ions on Hydrogen Production by Photosynthetic Bacteria Grown in Escherichia coli Pre-Fermented Cheese Whey

The photosynthetic bacteria, Rodospirillum rubrum, produced hydrogen when grown in cheese whey in presence of light. The production increased three times as much when whey was used after being incubated in presence of Escherichia coli at 37℃ for 5 days, giving a total of 3600 ml of H2 in 10 days. The presence of Fe ions (5 mg/L) enhanced H2 production of treated whey to about 6000 ml in 10 days. Mo ions (0.3 and 1.6 mg/l) did not affect achieved H2 production of treated whey. However, when Fe and Mo ions were present together, the production was comparable with that of Mo ions alone, i.e. Mo prevented Fe of producing any enhancing effect. The addition of Mn ions (7.68 mg/L) to treated whey containing Fe (5 mg/L) and Mo ions (8 mg/L) increased H2 production to give about 9500 ml/10 days.

Effects of Different Concentrations of Photosynthetic Bacteria Solutions on Yield and Quality of Lactuca sativa L.

The effects of different concentrations of photosynthetic bacteria solutions （CK, 0 ml photosynthetic bacteria agent＋4 000 ml nutrient solution; T1, 200 ml pho- tosynthetic bacteria agent＋3 800 ml nutrient solution; T2, 400 ml photosynthetic bacteria agent＋3 600 ml nutrient solution; T3, 600 ml photosynthetic bacteria agent＋ 3 400 ml nutrient solution; T4, 800 ml photosynthetic bacteria agent＋3 200 ml nutrient solution; and T5, 1 000 ml photosynthetic bacteria agent＋3 000 ml nutrient solu- tion） on the leaf number, fresh mass, root vigor, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and nitrate content of hydroponic Lactuca sativa L. were investigated. The results showed that the leaf number was increased by 62.66%, the fresh mass was increased by 139.7%, the root vigor was increased by 132.04%, the vitamin C content was increased by 18.34%, the soluble protein content was increased by 16.60%, the soluble sugar content was increased by 192.37%, and the nitrate content was reduced by 69.44% in the T3 group com- pared with those in the control group. The photosynthetic bacteria solution in the T3 group reduced the content of nitrate and improved the yield and quality of hydroponic L. sativa.

Effects of Photosynthetic Bacteria-enhanced Biological Floc Replacement Diets on Tilapia Growth,Water Environment and Water Microbial Diversity

With Oreochromis niloticus as the object of study,glucose was added as a carbon source to promote the formation of the biological flocs for replacing part of the feed,and three gradients were set up,namely Group A(all feed),Group B(replacement of 10%feed)and Group C(replacement of 20%feed),so as to explore the effects of photosynthetic bacteria-enhanced biological flocs on tilapia growth and water environment conditions.Meanwhile,the Biolog-ECO technology was applied to study the changes of microbial carbon metabolism diversity in aquaculture water.The results showed that the utilization of microbial carbon sources under different feed replacement gradients increased with the extension of the culture time.The overall performance was in order of 10%replacement>all feed>20%feed replacement.A suitable replacement rate could not only enhance the overall utilization of carbon sources by water microorganisms,but also save culture costs.The principal component analysis showed that the carbon source metabolism of the water microbial communities under different feed replacement gradients was significantly different.Specifically,polysaccharides,esters and amino acids were the preferred carbon sources of water microbes,while the utilization of amines and acids was low.

Effects of Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth, Antioxidant Activity and Expression of Related Genes in Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li

This study aimed to examine the effects of inoculating Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li leaves with different strains ofpotassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), or combinations thereof, focusing on aspects of photosynthesis and physiologicaland biochemical characteristics. At present, some studies have only studied the rhizosphere microbialcommunity characteristics of F. taipaiensis and have not discussed the effects of different microbial species on thegrowth promotion of F. taipaiensis. This paper will start from the perspective of potassium-solubilizing bacteria toconduct an in-depth study. Seed cultivation commenced at the base with three different KSBs in early October2022. The growth of F. taipaiensis leaves was observed after different treatments. Both single-plant and compoundinoculations were executed. A total of eight treatment groups were established, with aseptic fertilizer and sterilizedsoil functioning as the control group. The results reveal that intercellular CO_(2) concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance(Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) were at their apex in the S7 group. Most treatment groups exhibited anincrease in leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble sugar, soluble protein, Superoxide Dismutase(SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) activities, and proline content. The expression levels of POD, SOD,and CAT genes were evaluated, following inoculation with different KSB. The highest was the S7 group. Theinoculation with various KSB, or combinations thereof, appears to bolster the growth and development of F. taipaiensis.The composite inoculation group S7, comprising Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia, and Bacillus subtilis,manifested the most favorable impact on the diverse indices of F. taipaiensis, thereby furnishing valuableinsights for the selection of bacterial fertilizer in the artificial cultivation of F. taipaiensis.

PSBAD菌体蛋白生物效应评价

本文从三方面试验,较完整地评价了PSBAD 的生物学效应.结果表明:(1)PSBAD 粗蛋白含量18.67%,脂肪含量0.83%,糖份微量.粗蛋白质量较好,表观消化率57.17%,净利用率50.94%,生物价89.(2)LD_(50)>10g/(kg 体重),Ames 试验、精子畸变试验和微核试验均呈阴性.(3)肉鸡喂养试验中平均增重180g,料肉比减少0.5,且呈现抗病防病、增加免疫力的趋势.为此,建议PSBAD 作为一种优质安全的饲料添加剂.

光合细菌PSB-B浸种对小麦种子萌发的影响

为给光合细菌(PSB)的开发应用提供理论依据,用不同浓度的PSB-B菌液对临丰3号小麦种子做浸种处理,研究其对小麦种子萌发的影响。结果表明,100倍PSB-B菌稀释液可提高种子的发芽率,而原菌液有抑制作用。在萌发后期,PSB-B菌液处理组的小麦种子芽长均高于对照组(P<0.05),其中稀释10倍PSB处理组的芽长达到了14.2 cm。适当浓度的PSB-B处理会提高小麦萌发过程中可溶性蛋白和还原性糖含量(P<0.05),并对细胞膜具有一定的保护和修复作用。说明PSB-B可通过改善小麦种子的生理生化代谢,促进其萌发。

光合细菌(PSB)对鲤鱼肠道菌群及肠消化功能的影响

观察光合细菌对鲤鱼肠道中五种菌群（气单胞菌、大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌）及肠道中淀粉酶及蛋白酶活性的影响结果。实验结果表明：试验组肠道中光合细菌最高检出数为４７８±０７５（ｌｏｇｎ／克肠道内容物）且不为饲喂浓度的增加而增加。肠中大肠杆菌、拟杆菌的数量明显低于对照组（ｐ＞００５），乳酸杆菌显著高于对照组（ｐ＜００５），气单胞菌，双歧杆菌有增多趋势，但与对照组比较差异不显著（ｐ＜００５），同时，光合细菌还可使肠道中的淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性分别比对照组提高２６８和２９４倍，差异显著，这可能是光合细菌添加剂一个重要的促生长作用因素。

PSB在有机废水处理中的应用

综述了光合细菌独特的生理特性和其处理高浓度有机废水的原理 ,介绍了近年来国内外利用光合细菌处理有机废水的研究成果 ,并对光合细菌用于废水生物处理的前景及存在的问题进行了评述。

响应面法优化光合细菌PSB-B的生长条件

为探究污水处理用光合细菌PSB-B的最适生长条件,本文在单因素实验的基础上,以温度、pH和盐浓度为实验因素,根据旋转中心组合设计原理,经Design-Expert软件分析数据,采用三因素五水平的响应面法进行优化。确定光合细菌PSB-B的最适生长条件为:温度28℃,pH6.80,盐浓度0.25g/100mL。在此条件下,OD值为1.446。说明响应面法优化光合细菌PSB-B的生长条件是可行的。

PSB对大豆种子活力及其生物学特性影响的研究

研究了不同浓度光合细菌菌液及其不同浸泡时间对辽鲜1号和台湾292大豆品种种子活力指标以及不同浓度光合细菌菌液和不同喷施次数对其生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,光合细菌的浓度和浸泡时间对大豆种子活力有着一定的影响,通过光合细菌处理的大豆种子,其活力得到了显著的提高。光合细菌浓度和喷施次数对大豆生物学特性存在一定的影响,通过喷施光合细菌的大豆品种,其生物学指标也得到了显著提高。