Modeling of the height–diameter relationship using an allometric equation model:a case study of stands of Phyllostachys edulis

Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.

Dynamic Changes of Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) Culms under Different Storage Conditions

The durability of bamboo based on its chemical and mechanical properties is a crucial consideration for the wood-based industry due to its vulnerability to insects and microorganisms.We investigated the dynamic changes of chemical and mechanical properties of Phyllostachys edulis under air-dry and water storage conditions for 3,6 and 12 months respectively.The chemical properties of P.edulis bamboo culms varied with culm age but insignificantly with culm height.The mechanical properties of P.edulis culms showed an increasing trend with culm age.Water storage condition decreased the ash,SiO2 and lignin content,but increased the ethanol-benzene extracts.It also created an anaerobic environment for bamboo culms in which only anaerobic respiration was possible contributing to reducing the content of soluble sugar and starch,thereby beneficial for decreasing the damage from insects and microorganisms.Moreover,the water storage conditions could maintain culm mechanical performance better.Therefore,the indigenous practice of local people to store bamboo culms in ponds has good science behind it and water storage practices of bamboo culms was recommended.

Multi-omics of Circular RNAs and Their Responses to Hormones in Moso Bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)

Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed structures,which have important functions in plants.However,their biogenesis,degradation,and function upon treatment with gibberellins(GAs)and auxins(1-naphthaleneacetic acid,NAA)remain unknown.Here,we systematically identified and characterized the expression patterns,evolutionary conservation,genomic features,and internal structures of circRNAs using RNase R-treated libraries from moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)seedlings.Moreover,we investigated the biogenesis of circRNAs dependent on both cis-and trans-regulation.We explored the function of circRNAs,including their roles in regulating microRNA(miRNA)-related genes and modulating the alternative splicing of their linear counterparts.Importantly,we developed a customized degradome sequencing approach to detect miRNA-mediated cleavage of circRNAs.Finally,we presented a comprehensive view of the participation of circRNAs in the regulation of hormone metabolism upon treatment of bamboo seedlings with GA and NAA.Collectively,our study provides insights into the biogenesis,function,and miRNA-mediated degradation of circRNAs in moso bamboo.

Management scheme influence and nitrogen addition effects on soil CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O fluxes in a Moso bamboo plantation

Background:It is still not clear whether the effects of N deposition on soil greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions are influenced by plantation management schemes.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of conventional management(CM)versus intensive management(IM),in combination with simulated N deposition levels of control(ambient N deposition),30 kg N·ha^(−1)·year^(−1)(N30,ambient+30 kg N·ha^(−1)·year^(−1)),60 kg N·ha^(−1)·year^(−1)(N60,ambient+60 kg N·ha^(−1)·year^(−1)),or 90 kg N·ha^(−1)·year^(−1)(N90,ambient+90 kg N·ha^(−1)·year^(−1))on soil CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O fluxes.For this,24 plots were set up in a Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)plantation from January 2013 to December 2015.Gas samples were collected monthly from January 2015 to December 2015.Results:Compared with CM,IM significantly increased soil CO_(2) emissions and their temperature sensitivity(Q_(10))but had no significant effects on soil CH_(4) uptake or N_(2)O emissions.In the CM plots,N30 and N60 significantly increased soil CO_(2) emissions,while N60 and N90 significantly increased soil N_(2)O emissions.In the IM plots,N30 and N60 significantly increased soil CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions,while N60 and N90 significantly decreased soil CH_(4) uptake.Overall,in both CM and IM plots,N30 and N60 significantly increased global warming potentials,whereas N90 did not significantly affect global warming potential.However,N addition significantly decreased the Q_(10) value of soil CO_(2) emissions under IM but not under CM.Soil microbial biomass carbon was significantly and positively correlated with soil CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions but significantly and negatively correlated with soil CH_(4) uptake.Conclusion:Our results indicate that management scheme effects should be considered when assessing the effect of atmospheric N deposition on GHG emissions in bamboo plantations.

毛竹愈伤组织的诱导及培养条件优化

以当年生毛竹种子为材料,通过分析比较不同条件下愈伤组织的成活率,为毛竹快速繁殖提供理论依据。结果表明:诱导的培养基为MS+2,4-D 4 mg/L+ZT 0.1 mg/L,pH=8时愈伤组织诱导率为(34.88±2.81)%。用培养的愈伤组织进一步培养,得出适合毛竹愈伤组织继代培养条件为2,4-D 2 mg/L。进一步培养发现褐化是毛竹愈伤组织继代培养的主要障碍,本研究发现了红光培养和去除硝酸盐的培养基的条件下能将毛竹愈伤组织的褐化死亡率降至1.2%,同时促进愈伤组织的增殖生长和进一步分化。总之,本研究探索了毛竹愈伤组织的诱导和继代培养的条件,为毛竹的快速繁殖和基因工程育种提供了基础。

不同肥料对毛竹出笋和新竹生长的影响

为了探究不同肥料对毛竹[Phyllostachys edulis(Carr.)H. de Lehaie]林出笋和新竹生长的影响,为毛竹林的精准施肥和科学经营提供理论依据。在江西省宜春市铜鼓县选择生长良好,具有代表性的毛竹纯林,在样地经垦复后,采用随机区组设计,设置毛竹专用肥(ZYF)、矿渣肥(KZF)和不施肥(CK)处理,每个处理3次重复,共9块20 m×20 m的样地,研究不同肥料处理对毛竹出笋和新竹生长的影响。结果表明:两种肥料均在一定程度上提高了出笋数、退笋数和成竹数。毛竹专用肥处理出笋数和退笋数最高,分别较对照高出19.48%和51.17%,矿渣肥处理较对照处理分别高出16.05%和16.96%;而矿渣肥处理的成竹数最高,其次为毛竹专用肥处理,二者分别比对照高175、108株/hm^2。不同施肥处理间,竹笋地径总体呈毛竹专用肥处理最高,其次分别为矿渣肥和对照处理,而笋高在不同处理间的波动较小。2种肥料处理显著提高了新竹胸径和大径材毛竹的比例,并以毛竹专用肥处理效果更为明显。毛竹专用肥处理新竹枝下高显著高于对照处理,而矿渣肥与对照处理间无显著差异。结果表明毛竹专用肥更有利于作为以生产竹笋、大径材竹为目的的毛竹林培肥措施,矿渣肥对促进毛竹林优质、丰产的短期肥效低于毛竹专用肥,可能与其为缓释肥有关。

毛竹PeRaf22基因的克隆与表达分析

毛竹是中国重要的林产品之一,具有悠久的栽培历史和重要的经济价值。然而毛竹有性繁殖不频繁,开花会导致其大面积死亡。因此,种子发育对毛竹繁育具有重要意义。但当毛竹种子萌发后暴露在不良环境时,种子的生长发育就会停止。MAPK级联反应是植物响应非生物胁迫的重要信号调控网络,Raf类型的MAP3Ks激酶是种子萌发后发育过程中重要的调控因子。本研究通过生物信息学手段,从毛竹中克隆到一个Raf型MAP3Ks基因PeRaf22。序列分析表明,PeRaf22的CDS长度为1251 bp,编码416个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为45.98 k D。进化分析和氨基酸序列比对表明,PeRaf22与大麦、野蕉的进化关系最近,并且与水稻、大麦、高粱之间的功能域保守性较高。荧光定量PCR结果表明PeRaf22在毛竹茎秆生长过程中动态表达,并在ABA处理下表达量随时间增加而升高。本研究为进一步探索PeRaf22蛋白激酶在毛竹发育过程中的调控作用提供了科学依据。

毛竹查尔酮合成酶基因家族全基因组分析

查尔酮合成酶是类黄酮合成途径中的关键酶,黄酮类在抗氧化、保护心血管、调节血脂等方面均有重要作用。为探究毛竹查尔酮合成酶Pe CHS的生物学功能,本研究借助生物信息学方法对PeCHS家族成员进行鉴定,并分析其理化性质、结构特征、系统进化关系及在萘乙酸处理下的表达模式。结果表明,毛竹基因组中含有7个PeCHS家族基因,亚细胞定位显示定位于内质网、细胞质及细胞核中;外显子数均为2~3个,保守基序为5~10个不等;系统进化关系分析显示毛竹7个PeCHS基因分为3组;基于已发表的转录组数据的表达分析表明PeCHS家族成员可能受不同激素调控。本研究为进一步了解毛竹CHS基因家族基本功能及其生长调控机制提供了一定的参考,为毛竹CHS基因的功能的深层次鉴定提供了重要依据。

毛竹木犀草素-6-C-新橙皮苷通过调节IRF4PTG糖原途径促进力竭运动小鼠的糖原合成

本研究旨在揭示从毛竹叶中分离的木犀草素-6-C-新橙皮苷(LN)对力竭运动诱导的骨骼肌损伤和疲劳的影响和机制。将雄性昆明小鼠随机分成5组,各处理组小鼠连续给药4周后进行强迫游泳实验。运动后检测小鼠血清疲劳指标、糖原、骨骼肌氧化应激和炎症指标水平。通过RT-qPCR或Western blot检测骨骼肌中导向糖原蛋白(PTG)、干扰素调节因子4(IRF4)和糖原合成酶(GS)的表达。结果显示,与Swim-Ctrl组相比,Swim-LN-L组、Swim-LN-M组和Swim-LN-H组的CK、BUN和LDH水平降低(P<0.05)。与Swim-Ctrl组相比,Swim-LN-L组、Swim-LN-M组和Swim-LN-H组的MDA水平降低,而SOD和CAT水平升高(P<0.05)。与Swim-Ctrl组相比,Swim-LN-L组、Swim-LN-M组和Swim-LN-H组的IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6水平降低(P<0.05)。与Swim-Ctrl组相比,Swim-LN-L组、Swim-LN-M组和Swim-LN-H组的肝糖原和肌糖原含量升高(P<0.05)。与Swim-Ctrl组相比,Swim-LN-L组、Swim-LN-M组和Swim-LN-H组小鼠骨骼肌组织中IRF4的表达水平降低,而PTG和GS升高(P<0.05)。本研究表明从毛竹叶分离的木犀草素-6-C-新橙皮苷可以提高力竭游泳小鼠的抗疲劳能力,减轻骨骼肌损伤,抑制氧化应激和炎症。LN通过调控力竭游泳小鼠骨骼肌中IRF4/PTG/糖原途径来促进糖原合成。

毛竹GMD基因家族全基因组鉴定与表达分析

GDP-甘露糖4,6-脱水酶(GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase, GMD)是生物体内参与多糖合成代谢的一个重要基因。本研究利用毛竹全基因组和转录组数据信息,对GMD基因家族进行细致分析,共鉴定出39个家族成员。毛竹GMD各家族基因的理化性质有一定差异,但所含甘露糖4,6脱水酶结构域进化相对保守。进化树分析将毛竹GMD基因家族分为3大类。该家族基因上游启动子序列存在多种光响应、环境胁迫、激素应答等有关顺式作用元件。同源模建显示毛竹GMD为同源二聚体蛋白质,两个亚基均有相同或催化功能。转录组数据分析发现,部分成员GMD基因在竹笋生长阶段基因高表达特征明显,表明其可能参与笋的生长发育。另外,GMD的表达受到不同激素的影响。本研究通过对GMD基因的生物信息学分析,有利于进一步明确毛竹GMD基因的功能及其在岩藻糖生物合成途径中的作用。

毛竹PeYTH2基因的克隆与初步功能分析

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)是RNA中最广泛的甲基化修饰方式之一,是效应蛋白(readers)的结合位点,在mRNA前体剪接,mRNA降解和翻译,维持基因和基因组稳定性中发挥了重要作用。包含YTH(YT521-B homology)结构域的RNA结合蛋白是重要的调控蛋白,通过结合m6A来影响含有m6A修饰的RNA。植物比其他真核生物含有更多的YTH蛋白,但其在毛竹中的生物学重要性仍然未知。本研究利用PCR从毛竹cDNA中克隆PeYTH2,通过生物信息学方法,对PeYTH2蛋白序列进行进化分析和氨基酸序列比对发现,其与麦类和高粱之间的同源性较高并且与水稻、大麦、高粱之间的功能域相似度较高。序列分析表明,PeYTH2的CDS长度为1887 bp,编码629个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为68.262 kD。采用实时荧光定量聚合链式反应(qPCR)分析毛竹PeYTH2的空间表达模式和ABA与NaCl逆境处理下PeYTH2表达量变化发现,PeYTH2在幼嫩组织中表达量更高,在叶基部PeYTH2基因表达量显著高于叶尖部,在幼嫩器官中表达量显著高于成熟器官和衰老器官。在脱落酸(ABA)处理下幼叶中PeYTH2表达量随处理时间增加而升高,根的PeYTH2表达量随处理时间增加先升高后降低但始终高于对照水平,老叶的PeYTH2表达量随ABA处理时间的增加先升高后降低且低于正常水平。在NaCl处理下叶片部位PeYTH2表达量随时间的增加先升高后降低,其中幼叶表达量虽降低但仍高于对照水平,而老叶的表达量后期低于对照水平,在根中的表达量则处于动态变化,但始终高于对照水平。将PeYTH2转化入野生型拟南芥发现PeYTH2过量表达能降低转基因拟南芥在ABA和NaCl逆境下对于叶片形态建成的负面影响。这些结果为进一步阐明PeYTH2基因在毛竹生长发育过程中的生物调控机制提供了科学依据。

振兴遂昌竹产业经济的发展战略

针对遂昌县竹产业发展存在竹材价格下跌、经营成本升高、竹林荒抚面积增多、加工企业萎缩不前、产业链不完整、资源利用不足等问题,笔者认为竹业培育方面应加强基础设施建设,加大笋、竹两用林基地建设和林下经济作物套种及箬叶栽培等,提升竹林经营效益;加工方面以龙头企业为引领,多渠道推进精深加工经营及产品转型升级;文旅方面以竹文化创新园、竹业旅游等综合体建设为主,建立遂昌模式的竹产业链体系,使遂昌竹产业走出困境。