The ionic liquid (IL)-water mixture pretreated bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) samples were applied in the research of thermal decomposition. [BMIM]Cl (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)- water and [BMIM]BF4 (1-Butyl...The ionic liquid (IL)-water mixture pretreated bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) samples were applied in the research of thermal decomposition. [BMIM]Cl (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)- water and [BMIM]BF4 (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)-water were used in pretreatment process. Compositions of the untreated bamboo and pretreated bamboo were compared. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were analyzed to explain the effect of ILs mixture on cellulose crystalline structure. The pretreated cellulose with [BMIM]Cl- water mixture was tend to produce the more gaseous products, which were associated with the decomposition rate. The behavior of more CO and CH4 gaseous products and less tar in the thermal decomposition products could be attributed to ILs-water mixture pretreatment process. The potential and some problems of ILs-water mixture pretreatment method applied in thermal chemical conversion methods were also discussed.展开更多
Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its appli...Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.展开更多
Biomineralization of Si by plants into phytolith formation and precipitation of Si into clays during weathering are two important processes of silicon’s biogeochemical cycle. As a silicon-accumulating plant, the wide...Biomineralization of Si by plants into phytolith formation and precipitation of Si into clays during weathering are two important processes of silicon’s biogeochemical cycle. As a silicon-accumulating plant, the widely distributed and woody Phyl-lostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (moso bamboo) contributes to storing silicon by biomineralization and, thus, prevents eu-trophication of nearby waterbodies through silicon’s erosion of soil particles. A study on the organic pool and biological cycle of silicon (Si) of the moso bamboo community was conducted in Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve, China. The results showed that: (1) the standing crop of the moso bamboo community was 13355.4 g/m2, of which 53.61%, 45.82% and 0.56% are represented by the aboveground and belowground parts of moso bamboos, and the under-story plants, respectively; (2) the annual net primary production of the community was 2887.1 g/(m2·a), among which the aboveground part, belowground part, litterfalls, and other fractions, accounted for 55.86%, 35.30%, 4.50% and 4.34%, respec-tively; (3) silicon concentration in stem, branch, leaf, base of stem, root, whip of bamboos, and other plants was 0.15%, 0.79%, 3.10%, 4.40%, 7.32%, 1.52% and 1.01%, respectively; (4) the total Si accumulated in the standing crop of moso bamboo com-munity was 448.91 g/m2, with 99.83% of Si of the total community stored in moso bamboo populations; (5) within moso bamboo community, the annual uptake, retention, and return of Si were 95.75, 68.43, 27.32 g/(m2·a), respectively; (6) the turnover time of Si, which is the time an average atom of Si remains in the soil before it is recycled into the trees or shrubs, was 16.4 years; (7) the enrichment ratio of Si in the moso bamboo community, which is the ratio of the mean concentration of nutrients in the net primary production to the mean concentration of nutrients in the biomass of a community, was 0.64; and lastly, (8) moso bamboo plants stored about 1.26×1010 kg of silicon in the organic pool made up by the moso bamboo forests in the subtropical area of China.展开更多
A fragment with about 798 bp of cab gene was amplified from the first strand of Moso(Phyllostachys edulis)cDNA through RT-PCR method,named as cab-PhE4(cab gene 4 from Ph.edulis).The cab-PhE4(GenBank accession number:E...A fragment with about 798 bp of cab gene was amplified from the first strand of Moso(Phyllostachys edulis)cDNA through RT-PCR method,named as cab-PhE4(cab gene 4 from Ph.edulis).The cab-PhE4(GenBank accession number:EF405878)gene encodes 265 amino acid.The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein encoded by cab-PhE4 has a chlorophyll a/b-binding domain(64th-232nd position),a protein kinase C phosphorylation site(33rd-35th position),a N-myristoylation site(169th-174th position),and an involucrin repeat(207th-216th position).The amino acid sequence of cab-PhE4 showed high similarity with the cab genes of Zea mays,Triticum aestivum,Musa acuminata,Panax ginseng and Oryza sativa,more than 90%,respectively.展开更多
The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex plays an important role in photosynthesis of plants. A full-length cDNA of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b （cab） gene was cloned from the first strand of Moso （...The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex plays an important role in photosynthesis of plants. A full-length cDNA of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b （cab） gene was cloned from the first strand of Moso （Phyllostachys edulis） cDNA through RT-PCR and RACE methods, named as cabPhEIO （cab gene 10 from Ph. edulis）. The length of cab- PhEIO （GenBank accession number： EU118754） is 1 151 bp, which contains an open reading frame encoding 283 amino acids from 81st to 932nd position. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein encoded by cab-PhElO had a chlorophll a/b binding domain （83rd -247th position）, two protein kinase C-phosphorylation sites, three Nmyristoylation sites and a yia A/B double helix domain.The amino acid sequence of cab-PhElO showed high similarity with the cab genes of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Vitis vinifera, more than 80%, respectively, which indicated that cab-PhElO gene belongs to lhcb5 gene family.展开更多
文摘The ionic liquid (IL)-water mixture pretreated bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) samples were applied in the research of thermal decomposition. [BMIM]Cl (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)- water and [BMIM]BF4 (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)-water were used in pretreatment process. Compositions of the untreated bamboo and pretreated bamboo were compared. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were analyzed to explain the effect of ILs mixture on cellulose crystalline structure. The pretreated cellulose with [BMIM]Cl- water mixture was tend to produce the more gaseous products, which were associated with the decomposition rate. The behavior of more CO and CH4 gaseous products and less tar in the thermal decomposition products could be attributed to ILs-water mixture pretreatment process. The potential and some problems of ILs-water mixture pretreatment method applied in thermal chemical conversion methods were also discussed.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan(1632014003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101148 and 31300177)
文摘Understanding the relationship between tree height （H） and diameter at breast height （D） is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships： a corre- lation between the mean bamboo height （Hm） and the upper mean H （Hu）, and a correlation between the mean D （Din） and the upper mean D （Du）. Simulation results derived from the aUometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height-diameter （H-D） model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H- D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H-D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.
基金Project (No. 30370275) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Biomineralization of Si by plants into phytolith formation and precipitation of Si into clays during weathering are two important processes of silicon’s biogeochemical cycle. As a silicon-accumulating plant, the widely distributed and woody Phyl-lostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (moso bamboo) contributes to storing silicon by biomineralization and, thus, prevents eu-trophication of nearby waterbodies through silicon’s erosion of soil particles. A study on the organic pool and biological cycle of silicon (Si) of the moso bamboo community was conducted in Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve, China. The results showed that: (1) the standing crop of the moso bamboo community was 13355.4 g/m2, of which 53.61%, 45.82% and 0.56% are represented by the aboveground and belowground parts of moso bamboos, and the under-story plants, respectively; (2) the annual net primary production of the community was 2887.1 g/(m2·a), among which the aboveground part, belowground part, litterfalls, and other fractions, accounted for 55.86%, 35.30%, 4.50% and 4.34%, respec-tively; (3) silicon concentration in stem, branch, leaf, base of stem, root, whip of bamboos, and other plants was 0.15%, 0.79%, 3.10%, 4.40%, 7.32%, 1.52% and 1.01%, respectively; (4) the total Si accumulated in the standing crop of moso bamboo com-munity was 448.91 g/m2, with 99.83% of Si of the total community stored in moso bamboo populations; (5) within moso bamboo community, the annual uptake, retention, and return of Si were 95.75, 68.43, 27.32 g/(m2·a), respectively; (6) the turnover time of Si, which is the time an average atom of Si remains in the soil before it is recycled into the trees or shrubs, was 16.4 years; (7) the enrichment ratio of Si in the moso bamboo community, which is the ratio of the mean concentration of nutrients in the net primary production to the mean concentration of nutrients in the biomass of a community, was 0.64; and lastly, (8) moso bamboo plants stored about 1.26×1010 kg of silicon in the organic pool made up by the moso bamboo forests in the subtropical area of China.
基金This project is supported by"948"introduction project(2004-4-60,2005-4-38)
文摘A fragment with about 798 bp of cab gene was amplified from the first strand of Moso(Phyllostachys edulis)cDNA through RT-PCR method,named as cab-PhE4(cab gene 4 from Ph.edulis).The cab-PhE4(GenBank accession number:EF405878)gene encodes 265 amino acid.The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein encoded by cab-PhE4 has a chlorophyll a/b-binding domain(64th-232nd position),a protein kinase C phosphorylation site(33rd-35th position),a N-myristoylation site(169th-174th position),and an involucrin repeat(207th-216th position).The amino acid sequence of cab-PhE4 showed high similarity with the cab genes of Zea mays,Triticum aestivum,Musa acuminata,Panax ginseng and Oryza sativa,more than 90%,respectively.
基金This project is supported by "948" Introduction Project (2004-4-60, 2005-4-38)
文摘The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex plays an important role in photosynthesis of plants. A full-length cDNA of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b （cab） gene was cloned from the first strand of Moso （Phyllostachys edulis） cDNA through RT-PCR and RACE methods, named as cabPhEIO （cab gene 10 from Ph. edulis）. The length of cab- PhEIO （GenBank accession number： EU118754） is 1 151 bp, which contains an open reading frame encoding 283 amino acids from 81st to 932nd position. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the protein encoded by cab-PhElO had a chlorophll a/b binding domain （83rd -247th position）, two protein kinase C-phosphorylation sites, three Nmyristoylation sites and a yia A/B double helix domain.The amino acid sequence of cab-PhElO showed high similarity with the cab genes of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Vitis vinifera, more than 80%, respectively, which indicated that cab-PhElO gene belongs to lhcb5 gene family.
