Some of the Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Graff River in Kut City, Iraq

Some of the chemical and physical water qualities of the Graff River in the city of Kut were studied, and for two sites of the river, One was at the Crimea site, the other in the Jihad district, and for the period from October/2018 to March/2019, Seven variables of river water have been analyzed: temperature PH, electrical conductivity, TDS, turbidity, alkaline, and chloride. The results showed that most of the chemical and physical water properties of the river were in normal proportions and did not rise, except for the turbidity, which was at a very high level, and that the pH values were close to the basal side. The results of the statistical analysis revealed positive significant relationships between the pH and (chloride and TDS). On the other hand, between electrical conductivity and both previous variables as well. And a negative significant connection between temperature and alkaline.

Dynamic physical characteristics of DC arc on arcing horn for HVDC grounding electrode line

The dynamic physical characteristics of a DC arc on an arcing horn for a high voltage direct current(HVDC)grounding electrode line are significantly different from those of the switching device arc,secondary arc,AC fault arc and pantograph-catenary arc.In this work,an experimental platform for the DC arc on the arcing horn was built,and mechanisms of the arc column short circuit and arc root movement were studied.This work further analyzes the characteristics and mechanisms of the arc motion when wind speed and direction,magnetic field and the expansion angle of the electrode are varied.Arc root movement is more likely to occur at the upper electrode.There is a competitive relationship between arc expansion and the transferring effect.The effect of wind on the arc column is greater than the effect on the arc root.The magnetic field has a significant driving effect on both the arc column and the arc root.The research results provide a comprehensive experimental basis for forther probing the method of DC arc suppression,and the improvement of the arcing horn.

Physical Characteristics of Welding Arc Ignition Process

The existing research of welding arc mainly focuses on the stable combustion state and the research on the mechanism of welding arc ignition process is quite lack.The tungsten inert gas（TIG） touch arc ignition process is observed via a high speed camera and the high time resolution spectral diagnosis system.The changing phenomenon of main ionized element provided the electrons in the arc ignition is found.The metallic element is the main contributor to provide the electrons at the beginning of the discharging,and then the excitated shielding gas element replaces the function of the metallic element.The electron density during the period of the arc ignition is calculated by the Stark-broadened lines of Hα.Through the discussion with the repeatability in relaxation phenomenon,the statistical regularity in the arc ignition process is analyzed.The similar rules as above are observed through the comparison with the laser-assisted arc ignition experiments and the metal inert gas（MIG） arc ignition experiments.This research is helpful to further understanding on the generation mechanism of welding arc ignition and also has a certain academic and practical significance on enriching the welding physical theoretical foundation and improving the precise monitoring on automatic arc welding process.

Impact of ultrasonic power on liquid fraction,microstructure and physical characteristics of A356 alloy molded through cooling slope

This study involves A356 alloy molded through ultrasonically vibrated cooling slope.The slope alongside ultrasonic power enables indispensable shear for engendering slurry from which the semisolid cast/heat treated billets got produced.An examination demonstrates ultrasonically vibrated cooling slope influencing the liquid fraction/microstructure/physical characteristics of stated billets.The investigation encompasses five diverse ultrasonic powers(0,75,150,200,250 W).The ultrasonic power of 150 W delivers finest/rounded microstructure with enhanced physical characteristics.Microstructural modifications reason physical transformations because of grain refinement and grain boundary/Hall-Petch strengthening.A smaller grain size reasons a higher strength/shape factor and an increased homogeneity reasons a higher ductility.Microstructural characteristics get improved by reheating.It is owing to coalescence throughout temperature homogenization.The physical characteristics is improved by reheating because of a reduced porosity and enhanced dissolution besides augmented homogeneity.A direct comparison remains impossible owing to unavailability of researches on ultrasonically vibrated cooling slope.

Case Analysis on Physical Characteristics of Autumn Cumulus-stratus Mixed Cloud in Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to analyze physical structures of mixed cloud in autumn in Shandong.[Method] By dint of Doppler radar data,the raindrop spectrum data observed by laser spectrometer,second sounding data of L-band,satellite retrieval data,and other general information,the physical structures of mixed cloud in autumn on August 29,2009 were discussed.[Result] This was a typical precipitation process of mixed cloud,and the main precipitation process lasted for 10 hours.Rainfall intensity was ups and downs obviously with the time.The maximum rainfall intensity was 6.5 mm/h and the normal of that was less than 3.0 mm/h.The rain concentrations were between 5 and 300,and the raindrop spectrum was mainly of bimodal or multimodal peaks.It showed that the precipitating cloud was mainly cold cloud and the development of warm layers was not well according to the vertical structure of clouds which was analyzed by second sounding data.It showed by the Doppler radar data that the whole precipitation process was divided into four stages:prior period and initial,maturing,declining stages for precipitation,which the echo structure of different stages was quite different.[Conclusion] The study laid theoretical basis for the study on precipitation mechanism and artificial precipitation potential.

Physical Characteristics of the Algerian Goalkeepers

The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics anthropometric and physical Algerian goalkeepers, who all have achieved the test of Wameval, the vertical jump （CMJ, S J） on a punt of strength （Ergo Tester Globus, Italy）, the 20m coordination speed test of Cazorla, and the Wingate test on ergometric bicycle （Monark, Model 834 E） with a braking force of 75 g/kgl of body mass.

Analysis on the Physical Characteristics of High-level Football Players

This article uses the literature data method and literature review method to review and collect relevant literature,and summarizes and analyzes the representative views on domestic physical fitness research.After summarizing and summarizing,it is considered that:physical energy is the basic athletic ability of the human body expressed through physical qualities such as strength,speed,endurance,coordination,flexibility,and sensitivity,and is an important component of athletes'athletic ability.The level of physical fitness is closely related to the morphological characteristics of the human body and the functional characteristics of the human body.The morphological characteristics of the human body are the structural basis of its physical fitness,and the functional characteristics of the human body are its biological functional basis.As the basic ability of athletes,physical fitness is an important factor of athletes'competitive ability.Each competitive sport has its own specific physical characteristics and training rules and methods.Grasping these laws has very important guiding significance for the improvement of athletes'sports level.

Chemical and physical characteristics of quartz from gold deposits in the North China platform: relationship to gold mineralization

This paper seeks to identify macroscopic metallogenic mechanisms of various mineral deposits by studying microscopic typomorphic characteristics of typical minerals associated with the deposits and to reveal the mechanism of lattice gold in detail by studying both physical and chemical characteristics of quartz from representative gold deposits in the North China Platform.As part of their extensive research,the authors examine the relationship between trace elements with wall rock,the ore-forming media,and gold immigration of various types of gold deposits,including their salinity,type,temperature.These are key factors to revealing the mineralization mechanism,and indicators for mineral prospecting,exploration,mining,and metallurgical technology.In order to address the questions posed,the following methods were used:field investigations of geology and sampling of the representative gold deposits,physical study and chemical analysis of quartz including,but not limited to,fluid inclusions as well as their compositions and trace elements in quartz,the unit cell parameters,electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum(EPR),and infrared spectroscopic analysis(ISA).As a result of this study,the authors observe the following key findings:unit cell parameters of quartz vary with their contents of foreign elements including gold,paragenetic stage,wall rock type,and other factors;the higher the forming temperature and the lower the gold content in quartz,the smaller the unit cell parameters,and vice versa.Additionally,the EPR absorption lines resulted from the O–Al defect center.The density of these types of hole centers increases and the EPR signal strengthens when the temperature decreases.Based on the findings,the authors conclude that lattice gold exists in quartz.Gold,in the form of Au^(+)and/or Au^(3+),entering quartz and producing an electron–hole center,namely,the O-Au hole center,makes the center produce spin resonance absorption and results in the EPR absorption peak#I.Both unit cell parameters and EPR of quartz can potentially be used in mineral prospecting,relative ore-forming temperature determination,and grade control during mining.

Physical characteristics of high-rank coal reservoirs in different coal-body structures and the mechanism of coalbed methane production

The physical characteristics of coal reservoirs are important for evaluating the potential for gas desorption, diffusion, and seepage during coalbed methane （CBM） production, and influence the performance of CBM wells. Based on data from mercury injection experiments, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, isothermal adsorption, initial velocity tests of methane diffusion, and gas natural desorption data from a CBM field, herein the physical characteristics of reservoirs of high-rank coals with different coal-body structures are described, including porosity, adsorption/desorption, diffusion, and seepage. Geometric models are constructed for these reservoirs. The modes of diffusion are discussed and a comprehensive diffusion-seepage model is constructed. The following conclusions were obtained. First, the pore distribution of tectonically deformed coal is different from that of normal coal. Compared to normal coal, all types of pore, including micropores （〈10 nm）, transitional pores （10-100 nm）, mesopores （100-1000 nm）, and macropores （〉1000 nm）, are more abundant in tectonically deformed coal, especially mesopores and macropores. The increase in pore abundance is greater with increasing tectonic deformation of coal; in addition, the pore connectivity is altered. These are the key factors causing differences in other reservoir physical characteristics, such as adsorption/desorption and diffusion in coals with different coal-body structures. Second, normal and cataclastic coals mainly contain micropores. The lack of macropores and its bad connectivity limit gas desorption and diffusion during the early stage of CBM production. However, the good connectivity of micropores is favorable for gas desorption and diffusion in later gas production stage. Thus, because of the slow decline in the rate of gas desorption, long-term gas production can easily be obtained from these reservoirs. Third, under natural conditions the adsorption/desorption properties of granulated and mylonitized coal are good, and the diffusion ability is also enhanced. However, for in situ reservoir conditions, the high dependence of reservoir permeability on stress results in a weak seepage of gas; thus, desorption and diffusion is limited. Fourth, during gas production, the pore range in which transitional diffusion takes place always increases, but that for Fick diffusion decreases. This is a reason for the reduction in diffusion capacity, in which micropores and transitional pores are the primary factors limiting gas diffusion. Finally, the proposed comprehensive model of CBM production under in situ reservoir conditions elucidates the key factors limiting gas production, which is helpful for selection of reservoir stimulation methods.

Physical and chemical characteristics and research of total suspended particles in Xi＇an and Nanjing

The paper calculates and analyzes physical and chemical characteristics of total suspended particles （TSP）, including mass concentration, absorption coefficient, optical refraction index imaginary unit and chemical composition based on observational data of atmosphere aerosol in Xi＇an and Nanjing from 1997 to 1999. Enrichment characteristic of TSP elements and sources of pollution are discussed via statistical treatment of enrichment factor of elements and correlation analysis. The result shows that aerosol particles exist remarkable differences in physical and chemical. The highest enrichment in TSP is Pb, Zn, S and As, which comes from different kinds of pollution.

Effect of Garlic Straw on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Continuous Cropping Soil and Root Activity of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

Taking tomato ＂Kate two＂ as the experimental material, the effects of different dosage of garlic straw on physical and chemical characteristics of continuous cropping soil and root activity of tomato in solar greenhouse were studied. The results showed that after applying with garlic straw, maximal and minimal temperatures in 0-15 cm soil layers were directly proportional to the amount of returned garlic straw, which were 2.39 ℃ and 1℃ higher than that of the control respectively. The unit weight was decreasing upon the amount of applied garlic straws of soils in different depths, but the porosity of soil was increasing. For example, unit weight and porosity changed the most significantly in soils in the depths of 0-10 cm, which went down by 6.71% and 6.18%, respectively. Besides, garlic straw returning to field improved soil pH, reduced soil conductivity and soil acidification and relieved soil secondary salinization, especially in 0-20 cm soil layers. In addition to that, the application of garlic straw increased the root activity of tomato （max 31.45%）, and delayed root system senescence in late stage. Therefore, garlic straw returning could improve the physical and chemical characteristics of soil by succession planting and root activity of tomato in solar greenhouse.

Effects of Varieties and Cooking Methods on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Cooked Rice

To analyze the effect of different lowland rice varieties and different cooking methods on physical and chemical characteristics of cooked rice. A factorial randomized block design with two factors was used and each combination of the factors was repeated three times. The first factor was rice variety（Ciherang and Ciliwung） and the second factor was the cooking method（stovetop, boiling and steaming, and rice cooker）. Results showed that Ciherang and Ciliwung varieties were classified into slender grain rice type with yellowred color. The amylose content of Ciherang was classified as moderate, while the amylose content of Ciliwung classified as low. The most abundant amino acid contained in Ciherang and Ciliwung varieties was glutamic acid. Statistical analysis showed that cooking method had significant effects on texture, lightness, chroma, hue and moisture content of cooked rice. Rice cooked with liwet method had the lowest texture value, lowest lightness value, highest chroma value, and highest moisture content.

Physical Properties of Crushed Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag and Numerical Representation of Its Morphology Characteristics

Physical properties and geometrical morphologies of crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag （SCR） and crushed limestone （LCR） were comparatively investigated. The shape, angularity, surface texture and internal pore structure of aggregate particles for different size and gradation were numerically represented by sphericity （ψ） and shape index （SI）, angularity number （AN）, index of aggregate particle shape and texture （IAPST）, porosity and pore size, respectively. The results show that SCR is a porous and rough aggregate. Apparent density, void, water absorption and smashing index of SCR are obviously higher than those of LCR with the same gradation, respectively. However, bulk density of SCR is lower than that of LCR with the same gradation. SI, AN, IAPST and porosity of SCR are obviously higher than those of LCR with the same gradation, respectively. The smaller particle size of SCR, the larger of its AN, IAPST and porosity.

Studies on Dynamic of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Water in GaoBaZhou Reservoir after Filter-feeding Fish's Multiplication and Stocking

[ Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for purifying water quality, ecological restoration and fishery breeding of GaoBaZhou reservoir multiplication and stocking. [ Method] Monitoring of normal water physical, chemical characteristics and different number of data of GaoBaZhou reservoir was conducted in 2010 and 2011 after different amount of filter-feeding fishes stocking in this reservoir. [ Result] The water physical and chemical factors TN, NO2, NO3-N-N, TP and COD, Chl. a in 2011 were significantly less than 2010, 2011 month average 1.389 mg/L, 0.039 6 rng/L, 1.211 7 mg/L, 0.137 3 mg/L, 16.191 mg/L, 10.226 8 mg/m3, 2010 month average 1.659 mg/L, 0.066 2 mg/L, 1.472 9 mg/L, 0.099 9 rag/L, 18.314 8 mg/L, 14.917 8 mg/L. The calculation results of TSIM showed that 2011 reservoir eutrophication TSIM were less than 2010, up to 53.78 and 57.36. E Coaclusion： The whole reservoir area revealed mild eutrophication （the TSIM 〉 53）, and it suggested that the filterfeeding fishes amount could be increased in the reservoir.

Living Model Based on Changing Physical and Mental Characteristics and Needs of the Elders

The ageing of society has been considered as one of the three major social problems in the twentyfirst century. Since 2000, China has entered the ageing society formally, and become one of the earliest developing countries that witness the population ageing, and also the countries with the largest ageing population in the world. Problems for supporting the aged have become crucial social problems of China. This paper, on the basis of analyzing changing physical and mental characteristics and needs of the elders, proposed different living models such as living together, living alone, living close, and social nursing facilities.

Studies on the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and the yield of cassava＊

Bio-organic fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer which have advantages of both organic manure and fertilizer. This study investigated the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of cassava and the soil fertility. The study was carried out in the period of 2004-2005 and the material was cassava cultivar FUXUAN01. The bio-organic fertilizers were applied as basic fertilizers on four different levels of 450 kg/hm^2, 600 kg/hm^2, 750 kg/hm^2, 900 kg/hm^2 in this experiment. The growth of stem and leaf, the yield of earthnut and the starch content of tuber root of cassava and the unit weight, the hole percent, the content of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, microbes, the activity of soil urease and invertase were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that not only can the bio-organic fertilizer promote the growth of cassava stems and leaves, increase the chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis of leaves, improve the physiological metabolism of cassava, and strengthen physiological function of anti-senility, promote the transformation from photosynthetic organism to tuber root and increase the yield and starch content in the tuber root of cassava, but also decrease the soil unit weight, increase the hole percent of soil, promote microbe activity in the soil, increase the activity of soil urease and invertase, promote the availability of nutrients, increase the content of organic matters, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and increase the utilization rate of fertilizer. It was an effective way to apply the bio-organic fertilizer to increase the yield and starch content in the tuber root of cassava, improving the physical and chemical characters of soil and increasing the soil fertility.

The state-of-the-art of atmospheric pressure plasma for transdermal drug delivery

Plasma-enhanced transdermal drug delivery(TDD) presents advantages over traditional methods,including painless application, minimal skin damage, and rapid recovery of permeability. To harness its clinical potential, factors related to plasma’s unique properties, such as reactive species and electric fields, must be carefully considered.This review provides a concise summary of conventional TDD methods and subsequently offers a comprehensive examination of the current state-of-the-art in plasma-enhanced TDD. This includes an analysis of the impact of plasma on HaCaT human keratinocyte cells, ex vivo/in vivo studies, and clinical research on plasma-assisted TDD. Moreover, the review explores the effects of plasma on skin physical characteristics such as microhole formation, transepidermal water loss(TEWL), molecular structure of the stratum corneum(SC), and skin resistance. Additionally, it discusses the involvement of various reactive agents in plasma-enhanced TDD, encompassing electric fields,charged particles, UV/VUV radiation, heat, and reactive species. Lastly, the review briefly addresses the temporal behavior of the skin after plasma treatment, safety considerations, and potential risks associated with plasma-enhanced TDD.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Calamondin(Citrus microcarpa)from Hainan

Some physicochemical characteristics of calamondin(Citrus microcarpa)from Hainan were determined in this study.The mean length,width,and thickness of calamondin were(2.763±0.262),(2.721±0.189),and(2.684±0.201)cm,respectively.The average values for geometric mean diameter,sphericity,fruit shape index,mass,surface area,volume,true density,bulk density and porosity were(2.721±0.196)cm,(98.79±5.149)%,(101.64±7.609)%,(11.18±2.149)g,(23.36±3.362)cm2,(11.16±2.115)cm3,(1.00±0.060)g/cm3,0.44 g/cm3,and(56.40±0.027)%,respectively.The mean edible part,juice rate,and soluble solids were(85.77±3.53),(48.36±4.20),and(7.86±0.09)%,respectively.The total flavonoids,pectin,limonin,reducing sugar and volatile oil contents of the peel were 1.00,7.14,0.51,5.98,and 4.25%,respectively.The total flavonoids,pectin,limonin and reducing sugar contents of the pulp were 0.02,5.04,0.03 and 4.56%,respectively.The total flavonoids,total acid,reducing sugar and vitamin E contents of the juice were 0.11,6.74,0.37%,and 1.68 mg/kg,respectively,while the content of vitamins A,B1,B2,B3,B6,and D in the juice was very low.The seeds had limonin,reducing sugar and oil contents of 0.46,1.39,and 30.46%,respectively.The vitamin B2,B3,B6 and E contents of the fruit residue were 44.83,19.31,17.55,and 15.72 mg/kg,respectively.The amino acid profile of the residue included aspartic acid,glutamate,cystine,serine,glycine,histidine,arginine,threonine,alanine,proline,tyrosine,valine,methionine,isoleucine,leucine,phenylalanine and lysine,with respective contents of 4.42,1.81,2.10,0.78,0.59,0.20,0.72,0.160.67,3.650.50,0.67,0.59,1.00,0.76,0.57 and 0.91 g/kg.

Fine Sand and Clay Sediment Acoustic Properties of the Novel Sediment Sample from the Arabian Sea:Experimental Investigations and Biot−Stoll Model Validation

The present study explores the physical and acoustic characteristics of fine sand and clay in novel seabed marine sediments from of Pakistan coastline of the Arabian Sea.The measured physical parameters included mean grain size,mass density,bulk density,salinity,porosity,permeability,pore size and mineralogical composition.Acoustic properties,including sound speed and attenuation,in the high frequency range of 90-170 kHz were analyzed.A controlled laboratory setup with the acoustic transmission method and Fourier transform techniques was utilized to examine the sound propagation and absorption of novel seabed sediments.The standard deviation of mean sound speed in fresh water was 0.75 m/s,and attenuation was observed in the range of 0.43 to 0.61 dB/m.The mean sound velocity in sand and clay varied from 1706 to 1709 m/s and 1602 to 1608 m/s,respectively.Corresponding average attenuation was observed at 80 to 93 dB/m in sandy sediments and from 31.8 to 38.6 dB/m in clayey sediments.Sound velocity variation within sandy sediment is low,consistent with expected results,and smaller than the predicted uncertainty.However,clay sediment exhibited a positive linear correlation and low sound speed variation.Attenuation increased linearly with frequency for both sediments.Finally,the laboratory results were validated by using the Biot−Stoll model.The dispersion of sound speed in sandy and clayey sediments was consistent with the predictions of the Biot−Stoll model.Measured attenuation aligned more with Biot−Stoll model predictions due to improved permeability,tortuosity and pore size parameter fitting.

Reservoir characteristics of Donghe well No.1 in Tarim Basin

Based on the techniques of X-ray diffraction analysis, identification of the thin sections of core cast, phys- ical analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis, this paper studied the reservoir characteristics of the Carboniferous strata in Donghe well No.1 of Tarim region. The results show that the reservoir lithology is mainly the fine-grained quartz sandstone with ferrocalcite and pyrite, mud cement-based, the permeability concentrated in 5-40 × 10-3 μm2, a small part of the high permeability up to 150-327 ×10-3 μm2 and porosity ranged from 10% to 20%. The most part of the reservoirs is low perme- ability with a small part of the layer in moderate-high permeability. The types of reservoir space include intergranular pores, intra particle-molding pores, micro-pores and cracks, which mainly are intergranular pores with the pore diameter of 15-200 μm, 95.5μm on average. And the types of the throats are comolex with the main tvne of constricted l：hroats in this area and large contribution to the permeability.