Analysis of the Effect of Psychological Nursing Combined with Breathing Exercises in Improving Lung Function in Patients with Pneumoconiosis

Objective: To analyze the effect of psychological nursing combined with breathing exercises on lung function of patients with pneumoconiosis, and to analyze the methods. A total of 64 cases of pneumoconiosis admitted from January 2020 to December 2022 were divided into the reference group and the experimental group by random numerical table. On the basis of symptomatic treatment, the control group was combined with conventional nursing measures and breathing exercises, while the experimental group was treated with psychological nursing on the basis of the control group, and the pulmonary function indexes and adverse mood of the two groups before and after nursing were compared. Results: There was no difference in SAS score, SDS score and pulmonary function indexes between the two groups before intervention (P > 0.05), and the SAS score in the experimental group was the SDS score was lower than that of the control group, and FEV1, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were higher than those of the control group, and the P < 0.05 was lower.

Physical exercise and synaptic protection in human and pre-clinical models of multiple sclerosis

In multiple sclerosis,only immunomodulato ry and immunosuppressive drugs are recognized as disease-modifying therapies.Howeve r,in recent years,several data from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggested a possible role of physical exe rcise as disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis.Current evidence is sparse and often conflicting,and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antinflammatory role of exercise in multiple sclerosis have not been fully elucidated.Data,mainly derived from pre-clinical studies,suggest that exe rcise could enhance longterm potentiation and thus neuroplasticity,could reduce neuroinflammation and synaptopathy,and dampen astrogliosis and microgliosis.In humans,most trials focused on direct clinical and MRI outcomes,as investigating synaptic,neuroinflammato ry,and pathological changes is not straightfo rward compared to animal models.The present review analyzed current evidence and limitations in research concerning the potential disease-modifying therapy effects of exercise in multiple sclerosis in animal models and human studies.

Physical exercise reverses immuno-cold tumor microenvironment via inhibiting SQLE in non-small cell lung cancer

Dear Editor,Physical exercise has been shown to be associated with reduced cancer incidence and cancer-associated mortality[1,2],but the underlying mechanisms are obscure.Immunometabolic regulation has emerged as one of the most prominent mechanisms explaining the effects of exercise on cancer[1,2].Physical exercise primarily lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides,and protects against cardiovascular diseases[3].However,whether physical exercise can modulate cholesterol metabolism in tumor cells is currently unknown.

Effects of relaxation breathing exercise on fatigue and cortisol level among Indonesian gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy:a pilot study

Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of the relaxation breathing exercise(RBE)on fatigue and cortisol levels among Indonesian women with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:This pilot study consecutively recruited 44 gynecological cancer patients to receive RBE(22)or usual care(22).Cortisol level was measured before and after completion of the intervention(day 8).Fatigue was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale(PFS).Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)at the baseline days of the study for days 1,4,and 8.The obtained data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test,the independent t-test,and the Mann-Whitney U test.Results:There were significant increases in cortisol levels within the groups,either the intervention or control groups,respectively(P-value=0.0003 and 0.001).Despite there being no statistical significance between the intervention and control groups,there were noticeable differences in the cortisol levels,indicating the extreme increase in cortisol levels in the control group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]:2.30[0.99-9.09];Min-Max:0.43-23.38)compared with the intervention group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]=2.97[1.26-5.18];Min-Max=0.39-6.91).Conclusions:RBE helps prevent a significant increase in cortisol levels that can alleviate fatigue for women with gynecological cancer.Further research was recommended to compare several intervention modalities for fatigue and cancer-related symptom management based on cortisol level changes.

Study on the Influence of New Media on College Students’ Physical Exercise Behavior

New media is becoming an important method to promote physical exercise,and it is also an essential factor affecting the physical exercise behavior of college students.This study takes the influence of new media sports information on college students’physical exercise behavior as the research objective.By using a questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics,545 college students in Shandong Province of China are selected as research samples.Based on the theory of new media exposure,fitness behavior theory,and self-efficacy theory,this study systematically discusses the influence and mechanism of new media exposure on the physical exercise behavior of college students in Shandong Province,so as to help college students improve their physical exercise behavior.

Effects of mindful breathing combined with sleep-inducing exercises in patients with insomnia

BACKGROUND Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder.It disrupts the patient’s life and work,increases the risk of various health issues,and often requires long-term intervention.The financial burden and inconvenience of treatments discourage patients from complying with them,leading to chronic insomnia.AIM To investigate the long-term home-practice effects of mindful breathing combined with a sleep-inducing exercise as adjunctive insomnia therapy.METHODS A quasi-experimental design was used in the present work,in which the patients with insomnia were included and grouped based on hospital admission:40 patients admitted between January and April 2020 were assigned to the control group,and 40 patients admitted between May and August 2020 were assigned to the treatment group.The control group received routine pharmacological and physical therapies,while the treatment group received instruction in mindful breathing and a sleep-inducing exercise in addition to the routine therapies.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item(GAD-7)scale,and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI)were utilized to assess sleepquality improvement in the patient groups before the intervention and at 1 wk,1 mo,and 3 mo postintervention.RESULTS The PSQI,GAD-7,and ISI scores before the intervention and at 1 wk postintervention were not significantly different between the groups.However,compared with the control group,the treatment group exhibited significant improvements in sleep quality,daytime functioning,negative emotions,sleep latency,sleep duration,sleep efficiency,anxiety level,and insomnia severity at 1 and 3 mo postintervention(P<0.05).The results showed that mindful breathing combined with the sleep-inducing exercise significantly improved the long-term effectiveness of insomnia treatment.At 3 mo,the PSQI scores for the treatment vs the control group were as follows:Sleep quality 0.98±0.48 vs 1.60±0.63,sleep latency 1.98±0.53 vs 2.80±0.41,sleep duration 1.53±0.60 vs 2.70±0.56,sleep efficiency 2.35±0.58 vs 1.63±0.49,sleep disturbance 1.68±0.53 vs 2.35±0.53,hypnotic medication 0.53±0.64 vs 0.93±0.80,and daytime dysfunction 1.43±0.50 vs 2.48±0.51(all P<0.05).The GAD-7 scores were 2.75±1.50 vs 7.15±2.28,and the ISI scores were 8.68±2.26 vs 3.38±1.76 for the treatment vs the control group,respectively(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION These simple,cost-effective,and easy-to-implement practices used in clinical or home settings could have profound significance for long-term insomnia treatment and merit wide adoption in clinical practice.

Morbid Obesity: A Review on the Reasons for Impediments to Physical Exercises and Social Activities

Morbid obesity is regarded as a disease due to excess body weight, causing a silence of life as a whole and entailing the most varied disabilities for the person, such as: physical, social, psychological, affective, etc. It represents cases of “public health”, thereby involving competent bodies in the development of solutions that encompass various medical specialties and other health fields, in addition to influencing the mind of these people, causing depression that, due to metabolic involvement, can evolve to the death of the individual. The participation of multidisciplinary health focuses on weight loss, freely and spontaneously, or on the indication of bariatric surgery. We know how difficult it is to lose weight. In order to achieve successful procedures, we recommend the “Obese Workshop” or pre- and post-surgical follow-ups close to the patients, with a view to avoiding recurrences or the “accordion effect” (very common), which can interfere with the Body Mass Index (BMI). Everyone, males and females, complained of tiredness and the impossibility of any physical exercise, even the lightest and simplest to be performed, in addition to the fact that they cannot attend gyms and are unable to open a simple door handle.

Study on the Effect of High-quality Nursing Combined with Breathing Exercises on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective:To study the effect of high-quality nursing combined with breathing exercises on patients with COPD.Methods:Using the random number table method of medical experiments,60 patients with COPD received in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were used as research samples.According to the differences in treatment measures,they were equally divided into control group and intervention group.Symptomatic support treatment and nursing routine,high-quality nursing combined with respiratory function exercise treatment and nursing were given respectively,and the application effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:The controllable rate of disease between the intervention group and the control group was 93.33%(28/30)and 66.67%(20/30)respectively,which was statistically significant(P<0.05).The comparison between the intervention group and the control group on the pulmonary function indexes of VT,TPTEF/Te,VEF/Te/,Ti/Te was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of the intervention group on exercise pulse and 6-minute walking distance were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:The combination of high-quality nursing care and breathing exercises has outstanding disease controllable rate in patients with COPD,especially in improving the lung function of the patients and the level of treatment and care.It can be used as a feasible measure in the subsequent clinical treatment and nursing practice of patients.It is worthy of clinical promotion and implementation.

2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.

Fat cell-secreted adiponectin mediates physical exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis: an alternative anti-depressive treatment?

Psychological depression is drawing accumulating attention nowadays, due to the skyrocketing incidence worldwide and the enormous burdens it incurs. Physical exercise has been long recog- nized for its therapeutic effects on depressive disorders, although knowledge of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis in adult brains has been regarded, at least partly, contributive to depression, whereas physical exercise that restores neuro- genesis accordingly exerts the anti-depressive action. Several recent publications have suggested the potential role of adiponectin, a protein hormone secreted by peripheral mature adipocytes, in mediating physical exercise-triggered enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviation of depression. Here, we briefly review these novel findings and discuss the possibility of counter- acting depression by modulating adiponectin signaling in the hippocampus with interventions including physical exercise and administration of pharmacological agents.

Combined effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and physical exercise on cortical plasticity

Physical exercise can minimize dysfunction and optimize functional motor recovery after stroke by modulating cortical plasticity.However,the limitation of physical exercise is that large amounts of time and effort are necessary to significantly improve motor function,and even then,substantial exercise may not be sufficient to normalize the observed improvements.Thus,interventions that could be used to strengthen physical exercise-induced neuroplasticity may be valuable in treating hemiplegia after stroke.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation seems to be a viable strategy for enhancing such plasticity.As a non-invasive cortical stimulation technique,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is able to induce longterm plastic changes in the motor system.Recently,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was found to optimize the plastic changes caused by motor training,thereby enhancing the long-term effects of physical exercise in stroke patients.Therefore,it is believed that the combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and physical exercise may represent a superior method for restoring motor function after stroke.

Roles and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in cancer prevention and treatment

Exercise can enhance motivation to change lifestyle behaviors,improve aerobic fitness,improve physical function,control fatigue,and enhance quality of life.Studies have demonstrated the benefits to be gained from physical exercise,highlighting the importance of popularizing the concept of physical exercise for individuals and making professional exercise-treatment programs available to patients with cancer.However,the correlation between physical exercise and carcinogenesis is easily overlooked,and exercise interventions are not routinely provided to patients with cancer,especially those with advanced cancer.In this article,we present a literature review of the effects of exercise on cancer development and progression and give recent evidence for the type of exercise best suited for different types of cancer and in different disease stages.Moreover,the molecular mechanisms about regulating metabolism and systemic immune function in cancer are summarized and discussed.In conclusion,physical exercise should be considered as an important intervention for preventing and treating cancer and its complications.

Updated overview on interplay between physical exercise,neurotrophins,and cognitive function in humans

The many important benefits of physical exercise also encompass maintenance or improvement of cognitive functions. Among the variousmechanisms underlying the association between physical exercise and brain health, recent evidence attests that neurotrophin receptor signalingmay have an important role, because the activation of this pathway leads to growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses, supportsaxonal and dendritic growth, fosters synaptic plasticity, and preserves survival of existing neurons. In this review of published evidence, we highlightthat a positive relationship exists between physical exercise and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and that the postexercisevariation of this molecule is associated with improvement of neurocognitive functioning. Less clear evidence has instead been published forother neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4. Overall, promotion of adequate volumes and intensities ofphysical exercise (i.e., approximately 3 months of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, with 2—3 sessions/week lasting not less than 30 min)may hence be regarded as an inexpensive and safe strategy for boosting brain-derived neurotrophic factor release, thus preserving or restoringcognitive functions.

The Impacts of Physical Exercise on Stress Coping and Well-Being in University Students in the Context of Leisure

This study aims at investigating the in-depth information regarding impacts of physical exercise on psychological well-being in university students with an emphasis on coping with stress in the context of leisure. A qualitative research, based on interview to draw findings in an inductive way, was conducted. Nine university students (N = 9) in a large mid-west university took part in a face- to face, semi-structured interviews using ten open-ended questions with respect to benefits of leisure time physical exercise. The interview on the basis of phenomenological research examined what the participants experienced with leisure time physical exercise in conjunction with stress coping and mental health. Meaningful units of themes were induced with 24 initially drawn themes. These themes were reduced to 8 comprehensive constituent themes: self-efficacy, positive emotion, mind and body, health-behaviors, self-esteem, leisure, problem-focused coping, and positive expectancy. These reduced themes were finally boiled down to 6 integrated themes: positive emotion, unity of mind and body, heightened self-esteem, leisure, problem-focused coping, and self-regulation of health behavior. This research may shed a light in illuminating potential mechanism of how regular physical exercise is conducive to enhanced health behavior as well as effective stress coping in university students in the context of leisure. In particular, this research appears to be meaningful in suggesting that regular leisure-time physical exercise can lead to an effective problem-focused coping through elicitation of positive emotion.

Physical activity and exercise in children with chronic health conditions

In the last two or three decades,physical activity(PA) has gained increasing recognition as being essential for maintaining good health and improving quality of life for all ages.Children have traditionally been active in both free play and organized sports.However,there has been a recent decline in the PA levels among children for various reasons.This lifestyle change has resulted in increased obesity accompanied by a rise in diabetes and cardiovascular risk among otherwise healthy children.These lifestyle changes have been shown to be even more a problem when the child is already affected by a chronic disease.Due to medical limitations and contraindications,much care must be taken to make certain that these children are involved in the appropriate volume and intensity of exercise.The type of activity must also be given careful consideration to avoid undue risk for the child who may have problems such as poor balance,limited strength,poor vision,or cognitive disability.Further complications are either caused or exacerbated by lack of sufficient PA.The priority beyond concern for safety should be focused on ensuring the highest quality of life possible.The purpose of this review is to examine how PA can benefit children with selected chronic health conditions.

Importance of physical capacity and the effects of exercise in heart transplant recipients

One of the most important prognostic factors in heart failure patients is physical capacity. Patients with very poor physical performance and otherwise eligible, may be listed as candidates for heart transplantation(HTx). After such surgery, life-long immunosuppression therapy is needed to prevent rejection of the new heart. The dark side of immunosuppression is the increased risk of infections, kidney failure, cancer and advanced atherosclerosis(cardiac allograft vasculopathy), with the two latter conditions as the main causes of later mortality. In a worldwide perspective, 50% of the HTx patients survive past 10 years. Poor aerobic capacity prior to graft deterioration is not only limited to the failing heart, but also caused by peripheral factors, such as limited function in the skeletal muscles and in the blood vessels walls. Exercise rehabilitation after HTx is of major importance in order to improve physical capacity and prognosis. Effects of high-intensity interval training(HIT) in HTx recipients is a growing field of research attracting worldwide focus and interest. Accumulating evidence has shown that HIT is safe and efficient in maintenance HTx recipients; with superior effects on physical capacity compared to conventional moderate exercise. This article generates further evidence to the field by summarizing results from a decade of research performed at our center supported by a broad, but not strict formal, literature review. In short, this article demonstrates a strong association between physical capacity measured after HTx and long-term survival. It describes the possible "HITeffect" with increased levels of inflammatory mediators of angiogenesis. It also describes long-term effects of HIT; showing a positive effect in development of anxiety symptoms despite that the improved physical capacity was not sustained, due to downregulation ofexercise and intensity. Finally, our results are linked to the ongoing HITTS study, which investigates safety and efficiency of HIT in de novo HTx recipients. Together with previous results, this study may have the potential to change existing guidelines and contribute to a better prognosis for the HTx population as a whole.

The effect of slow deep breathing relaxation exercise on pain levels during and post chest tube removal after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of slow deep breathing relaxation exercise(SDBRE)in reducing patients’pain levels during chest tube removal(CTR)post coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)surgery.Methods:In 2019,fifty post-CABG patients were conveniently selected from a cardiac intensive care unit in Jordan’s major referral heart institute.The patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.A total of 25 patients were assigned into the experimental group who received slow deep breathing relaxation Exercise(SDBRE)alongside the conventional care before CTR.The remaining 25 patients constituted the control group(50%)that had CTR following conventional care.The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)was used to measure the participants’pain levels during three phases:before CTR(Time 1),5-min post CTR(Time 2),and 15-min post CTR(Time 2)to compare the intervention effect between the two groups.Results:The data analysis findings for the control and intervention group of patients showed that there was a statistically significant decline in their pain level across time for both groups(H¼32.71,P<0.01;H=47.23,P<0.01)respectively.The intervention group had significantly lower pain levels than the control group at Time 2(3.50[1.20,5.30]vs.7.90[7.00,9.00],P<0.01)and Time 3(0.00[0.00,1.30]vs.3.60[2.40,4.10]P<0.01).Conclusions:Using SDBRE during CTR is an effective technique for reducing pain which can minimize the need for analgesics and their associated adverse effects.

“Active Feedback” Fitbit-Based Physical Activity and Sleep Hygiene Intervention for Memory Assessment Service (MAS) Patients with Cognitive Deficits: Feasibility, Acceptability, Sleep Quality, Stress, and Wellbeing Outcomes

Research Background: Compared to the general population, people experiencing age-related cognitive decline are more likely to have low levels of physical activity and sleep problems. Sufficient physical activity and quality sleep are protective factors against cognitive decline and poor health and can improve coping with stressors. The “Active Feedback” intervention comprises a wearable activity and sleep tracker (Fitbit), access to Fitbit software healthy lifestyle software apps;one session with Memory Assessment Service (MAS) staff providing physical activity and sleep hygiene advice and two further engagement, discussion, and feedback sessions. Purpose/Aim: This study investigates the acceptability and feasibility of Active Feedback and the effect on stress, mental wellbeing, and sleep quality, and the links between these factors. Methods: An open-label patient cohort design with no control group was used. Pre-intervention, 4-week and 8-week intervention assessments were performed using participant self-report measures: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), and Sleep Conditioning Index (SCI). Twenty-five participants completed an eight-week three-session intervention (18 males and 7 females), with the age range of 66 - 84 years old, and average age of 73.8 years (SD = 5.09). Fifteen participants had a diagnosis of MCI, ten participants did not. Results: There were non-significant improvements in SCI scores from 21.0 (SD = 8.84) to 21.6 (SD = 6.20) at 8 weeks, PSS scores from 17.5 (SD = 5.89) to 17.0 (SD = 6.20) at 8 weeks, and WEMWBS scores from 46.9 (SD = 9.23) to 48.8 (SD = 9.69) at 8 weeks. There were negative correlations between WEMWBS and PSS. Conclusion: Active Feedback intervention was found to be feasible and acceptable. Active Feedback could be enhanced to include motivational interviewing and goal setting.

The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on Psychological Status, and Sleep Quality among Jordanian Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Literature Review

Background: Patients receiving hemodialysis are suffered from several psychological complications, and they required to receive safe, feasible, and applicable interventions to improve their psychological health. Practicing physical exercises were used in the literature as a possible intervention to improve patient’s outcomes. Purpose: The current literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercises on psychological status, and sleep quality among patients undergoing hemodialysis, and to detect the gab in the Jordanian literature about the effectiveness of practicing physical exercises on psychological status, and sleep quality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: The design of the current article was literature review of fifty studies. Results: The current review revealed that most of the research studies were conducted to describe the levels and prevalence’s of psychological and mental complication of hemodialysis process, and to evaluate the impact of different types and methods of physical exercises on physical, psychological, and functional outcomes among patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, there are no agreement about the type, time, and intensity of physical exercises, and its impact on patients’ psychological outcomes. In Jordanian context, there are no experimental studies were conducted about the effectiveness of physical exercises on psychological status and sleep quality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusion: It is imperative for researchers to fill the gap that existed in the body of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of physical exercises on psychological outcomes among patients undergoing hemodialysis in order to improve psychological well-being and improve both quality of life for patients, and quality of nursing care.

An Innovative Approach towards Selecting Aerobic and Coordinative Exercises in Clinical Practice for Children and Young People with ADHD

A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance the effects of medication in the treatment of ADHD. Aerobic and coordinative exercises improve executive functioning through their effect on neurocognitive domains that are implicated in ADHD. It is postulated that through their specific modus operandi, aerobic exercise, by raising cortical arousal levels, improves impaired alerting functions whereas coordinative exercises improve the regulation of inhibitory control through the involvement of a higher variety of frontal-dependent cognitive processes. The increasing use of routine neurocognitive testing with continuous performance tests (CPT), such as the QbTest, at clinical assessments for ADHD allows for an innovative approach to identify the assessment impairments in alerting function and inhibition control that are related to ADHD and accordingly choose aerobic or coordinative physical exercise in a more targeted fashion.