Pesticidal character of phytoecdysteroids from Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) on larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Eight kinds of phytoecdysteroids extracted from different parts of Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) that were collected from different places at different time were tested for killing effects on the 2-instar larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L by adding them to the artificial diet of larvae. The experimental results indicated that adding 1-3-mL phytoecdysteroids to the artificial diet could lead 58%-100% of 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi to death within 24 days. The phytoecdysteroids extracted from the whole plant of A. multiflora which was collected before flowering time were much more effective than those extracted from the plants collected at flowering and after flowering periods, and the modified mortality rate of larvae reached 65.22%, 85.07%, and 98.11% at the dosage level of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The extract made from root of A. multiflora plant was more effective in killing efficiency than those from stem and leaves, and the average death rates of larvae were up to 100%, 98.20% and 98.32% at dosage levels of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The killing speed of the extracted phytoecdysteroids was slower than that of triflumuron, hexaflumuron or deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate. The mortality rate of larvae is closely related to the feeding duration on the diets containing phytoecdysteroids. Feeding on the diets with addition of phytoecdysteroids for 16 days, more than 80% of treated 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi were led to death. The killing effect of the extracts was little affected by the growth areas of A. multiflora plant and the adding way to artificial diet.

Phytoecdysteroids from <i>Silene praemixta</i>

The waste products of the production of ecdysterone (3) from Silene praemixta M. Pop. (Caryophyllaceae) were investigated. The column chromatography of the technological waste has allowed to isolating 2-de- soxyecdysone (1), 2-deoxyecdysterone (2), ecdysterone (3) and 22-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of 2-deoxyecdy- sone (4). Glucoside 4 was found for the first time in the plant Silene praemixta. Ecdysteroids 1, 2 prevailed in the sum. Compounds 3 and 4 were minor components of the waste products. The identification of com- pounds 1-4 was carried out by using the modern me- thods of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy: 1H, 13C, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, NOESY, IR spectroscopy and ESI MS.

The phytochemical, biological, and medicinal attributes of phytoecdysteroids: An updated review

The phytoecdysteroids(PEs)comprise a large group of biologically-active plant steroids,which have structures similar to those of insect-molting hormones.PEs are distributed in plants as secondary metabolites that offer protection against phytophagus(plant-eating)insects.When insects consume the plants containing these chemicals,they promptly molt and undergo metabolic destruction;the insects eventually die.Chemically,ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids that are structurally similar to androgens.The carbon skeleton of ecdysteroids is termed as cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene with aβ-side chain at carbon-17.The essential characteristics of ecdysteroids are a cis-(5β-H)junction of rings A and B,a 7-en-6-one chromophore,and a trans(14α-OH)junction of rings C and D.Plants only synthesize PEs from mevalonic acid in the mevalonate pathway of the plant cell using acetyl-CoA as a precursor;the most common PE is 20-hydroxyecdysone.So far,over 400 PEs have been identified and reported,and a compilation of 166 PEs originating from 1998 has been previously reviewed.In the present review,we have summarized 212 new PEs reported between 1999 and 2019.We have also critically analyzed the biological,pharmacological,and medicinal properties of PEs to understand the full impact of these phytoconstituents in health and disease.

Deep chemical identification of phytoecdysteroids in Achyranthes bidentata Blume by UHPLC coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and targeted isolation

Achyranthes bidentata Blume is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys and strengthening muscles and bones.In this work,a rapid and simple strategy was developed for characterizing phytoecdysteroids by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with liner ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the negative mode.As a result,47 phytoecdysteroids were unambiguously or tentatively characterized.Among them,seven known compounds were identified according to the reference standards along with molecular formula,retention time and fragmentation patterns,while others were mostly potential new compounds.Through targeted isolation,the structures of three new compounds were determined by NMR spectra,which were consistent with LC-MS characterization.The present study provides an efficient method to deeply characterize phytoecdysteroids.

露水草对4种鳞翅目昆虫的杀虫效果初探

评价露水草对鳞翅目害虫的毒性及其生长调节作用,为该杂草的开发提供参考。采用叶片饲喂法测定了露水草对亚洲玉米螟、草地贪夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫4种鳞翅目昆虫幼虫的杀虫和滞育活性。结果表明,取食露水草的斜纹夜蛾、亚洲玉米螟与棉铃虫2龄幼虫的死亡率分别高达77%、70%和42.5%,明显高于对照组玉米叶片的17.5%、25%和10%;虽然取食2种叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的死亡率相差不大,但是露水草对草地贪夜蛾表现出滞育毒性。这一结果为植物的抗虫性机理研究提供了参考。

怀牛膝中甾酮类成分的分离与鉴定

为了阐明怀牛膝中具有促进成骨细胞增殖作用的甾酮类化学成分,采用硅胶柱色谱、ODS反相柱色谱和制备型高效液相色谱等方法分离,从怀牛膝大孔树脂50%乙醇洗脱组分中分离得到了5个甾酮类化合物,并通过UV、NMR和MS等波谱确定了其化学结构分别为β-蜕皮甾酮(β-ecdysterone)(1)、25S-牛膝甾酮(25S-inokosterone)(2)、25R-牛膝甾酮(25R-inokosterone)(3)、旌节花甾酮C(stachysterone C)(4)和旌节花甾酮D(stachysterone D)(5),其中化合物旌节花甾酮C为首次从牛膝中分离得到。

祁州漏芦中一个新的蜕皮甾酮(英文)

从祁州漏芦中分离得到 4个已知植物蜕皮甾酮、1个地榆皂甙 以及 1个新植物蜕皮甾酮。经光谱分析 (IR,MS,1 HNMR,1 3 CNMR,DEPT,1 H,1 H- COSY,HMBC) ,推定这个新天然产物为 2β,3β,1 1α,1 4α,2 0β,2 3- hexahydroxy- 5- cholest- 7- en- 6- one。命名为异漏芦酮。

露水草的化学成分

目的 研究露水草的化学成分。方法 应用多种色谱技术进行分离 ,并结合NMR ,MS等波谱解析确定其化学结构。结果 分离得到 6个化合物 ,鉴定为 2 0 ,2 2 异丙叉基筋骨草甾酮C(1 ) ,2 0 ,2 2 异丙叉基β 蜕皮甾酮 (2 ) ,2 2 羰基筋骨草甾酮C(3) ,2 2 羰基 β 蜕皮甾酮 (4) ,β 谷甾醇 (5) ,胡罗卜苷 (6)。 结论 3为一新化合物 。

云南露水草中的一种新植物甾酮的分离与分析

云南植物露水草富含植物甾酮类成分。为了研究其中的生物活性成分,采用多种色谱分离方法(氧化铝柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱、常压反相C18柱色谱、制备薄层色谱及反相高效液相色谱等)相结合,从露水草中分离得到一种新植物甾酮。综合一维和二维核磁共振光谱以及电喷雾质谱数据分析,确定该化合物的结构为3β,4α,14α,20 R,22 R,25-hexahydroxy-5α-cholest-7-en-6-one,为一种较为少见的具有5α-H的植物甾酮。

麻花头属植物化学成分研究进展

麻花头属植物所含化学成分以植物蜕皮甾体类为主,另外也有类黄酮、倍半萜等其他类型的化合物。该属植物的药理作用广泛,主要表现在抗炎、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力、降低胆固醇等方面。作者综述近50年来国内外对于麻花头属植物化学成分和相关生物活性的研究成果,并对其中的植物蜕皮甾体类成分的结构进行总结,另对该属植物的研究开发前景进行了讨论,以期推动对该属植物资源的进一步研究与开发利用。

露水草化学成分研究

目的研究植物露水草的化学成分。方法利用多种柱色谱进行分离,通过理化性质和光谱数据确定化合物结构。结果得到4个植物甾酮类化合物:2,3,20,22-双异丙叉基β-蜕皮甾酮(Ⅰ),2,3-异丙叉基β-蜕皮甾酮(Ⅱ),isovitexirone(Ⅲ),荆节花甾酮D(Ⅳ)。结论4个化合物均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。

植物甾酮类化合物的谱学规律

通过实验工作并结合大量的文献研究,归纳和总结了植物甾酮的谱学规律。

一种新蜕皮甾酮化学结构的核磁共振研究

本文首次报道了从祁州漏芦中分离得到的一种新的蜕皮甾酮类化合物的化学结构,主要利用各种核磁共振方法并结合其它光谱数据,确定其结构为2β,3β,11χ,14χ,20,22,24-七羟基-5β(20R,22R,24S)-胆甾 -7-烯 -6-酮,命名为漏芦甾酮(Rhapontisterone)。

Control Ability of Extracts from Ajuga Plants on Some Pests

Several phytoecdysteroids have been found in the extracts of A. multiflora and A.linearifolia using HPLC analysis. Those were 20-OH ecdysone, cyasterone, 3-acetate-20-OH ecdysone, 2-acetate-20-OH ecdysone, qugalactone. We found out that those phytoecdysteroids could lead the second instar larva of Clostera anastomosis and Stipnotia candida to death. The modified mortality rate was from 44.64% to 96.24%. Those extracts could signiticantly reduce the amount of nymph produced by the female Tuberolachnus salignus, The number of the nymph produced after treating with those extracts was only 20% to 70% of that produced by the untreated group. The death rate of the newly produced nymph which treated was among 33.33% to 58.82%. It was much higher than the death rate of the control group (1l7.57%).

植物蜕皮甾酮对体外瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同剂量的植物蜕皮甾酮对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷产气的影响。试验采用体外产气量法,瘤胃液供体动物为4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的利木赞杂交阉牛,设5个处理组,在相同的发酵底物中分别添加0%(对照组)、0.001%、0.01%、0.1%和1%的植物蜕皮甾酮。结果表明:发酵24 h,各处理组的甲烷产量无显著性差异(P>0.05),0.01%及更高剂量组的氨态氮浓度高于对照组和0.001%组(P>0.05),低于1%剂量的试验组抑制了干物质降解;发酵72 h,各处理组的产气量无显著性差异(P>0.05),0.001%和0.01%组的产气速度低于其他组(P<0.05),1%组缩短了延滞时间(P<0.01)。1%组的丙酸显著高于0.001%组(P<0.05),且其总挥发酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,植物蜕皮甾酮对产气量和甲烷产量没有显著影响,0.001%和0.01%组会降低产气速率和干物质降解率,1%组可以缩短产气延滞时间,提高总挥发酸含量。