Objective To improve the understanding of the virome and bacterial microbiome in the wildlife rescue station of Poyang Lake,China.Methods Ten smear samples were collected in March 2019.Metagenomic sequencing was perfo...Objective To improve the understanding of the virome and bacterial microbiome in the wildlife rescue station of Poyang Lake,China.Methods Ten smear samples were collected in March 2019.Metagenomic sequencing was performed to delineate bacterial and viral diversity.Taxonomic analysis was performed using the Kraken2 and Bracken methods.A maximum-likelihood tree was constructed based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)region of picornavirus.Results We identified 363 bacterial and 6 viral families.A significant difference in microbial and viral abundance was found between samples S01–S09 and S10.In S01–S09,members of Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria were the most prevalent,while in S10,the most prevalent bacteria class was Actinomycetia.Among S01–S09,members of Myoviridae and Herelleviridae were the most prevalent,while the dominant virus family of S10 was Picornaviridae.The full genome of the pigeon mesivirus-like virus(NC-BM-233)was recovered from S10 and contained an open reading frame of 8,124 nt.It showed the best hit to the pigeon mesivirus 2 polyprotein,with 84.10%amino acid identity.Phylogenetic analysis showed that RdRp clustered into Megrivirus B.Conclusion This study provides an initial assessment of the bacteria and viruses in the cage-smeared samples,broadens our knowledge of viral and bacterial diversity,and is a way to discover potential pathogens in wild birds .展开更多
Although norovirus,rotavirus,adenovirus and Astrovirus are considered the most important viral agents transmitted by food and water,in recent years other viruses,such as Aichi virus(AiV),have emerged as responsible fo...Although norovirus,rotavirus,adenovirus and Astrovirus are considered the most important viral agents transmitted by food and water,in recent years other viruses,such as Aichi virus(AiV),have emerged as responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with different foods.AiV belongs to the genus Kobuvirus of the family Picornaviridae.It is a virus with icosahedral morphology that presents a single stranded RNA genome with positive sense(8280 nucleotides)and a poly(A)chain.AiV was first detected from clinical samples and in recent years has been involved in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks from different world regions.Furthermore,several studies conducted in Japan,Germany,France,Tunisia and Spain showed a high prevalence of AiV antibodies in adults(between 80%and 99%),which is indicative of a large exposure to this virus.The aim of this review is to bring together all the discovered information about the emerging pathogen human Aichi virus(AiV),discussing the possibles routes of transmission,new detection techniques and future research.Although AiV is responsible for a low percentage of gastroenteritis outbreaks,the high seroprevalence shown by human populations indicates an evident role as an enteric agent.The low percentage of AiV detection could be explained by the fact that the pathogen is more associated to subclinical infections.Further studies will be needed to clarify the real impact of AiV in human health and its importance as a causative gastroenteritis agent worldwide.展开更多
Picornaviridae are a family of small positive-strand RNA viruses,and transmitted via the respiratory or fecal-oral route.The neurotropic picornaviruses can induce acute or late recurrent seizures following central ner...Picornaviridae are a family of small positive-strand RNA viruses,and transmitted via the respiratory or fecal-oral route.The neurotropic picornaviruses can induce acute or late recurrent seizures following central nervous system infection,by infecting the peripheral nerve,crossing the blood-brain barrier and migrating in the Trojan-horse method.Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus(TMEV),as a member of Picornaviridae family,can cause encephalitis,leading to chronic spontaneous seizures.TMEV-infected C57BL/6 mice have been used as an animal model for exploring the mechanism of epileptogenesis and assessing new antiepileptic drugs.Astrogliosis,neuronal death and microglial recruitment have been detected in the hippocampus following the picornaviruse-induced encephalitis.The macrophages,monocytes,neutrophils,as well as IL-6 and TNF-αreleased by them,play an important role in the epileptogenesis.In this review,we summarize the clinical characteristics of picornavirus infection,and the immunopathology involved in the TMEV-induced epilepsy.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[81961128002].
文摘Objective To improve the understanding of the virome and bacterial microbiome in the wildlife rescue station of Poyang Lake,China.Methods Ten smear samples were collected in March 2019.Metagenomic sequencing was performed to delineate bacterial and viral diversity.Taxonomic analysis was performed using the Kraken2 and Bracken methods.A maximum-likelihood tree was constructed based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)region of picornavirus.Results We identified 363 bacterial and 6 viral families.A significant difference in microbial and viral abundance was found between samples S01–S09 and S10.In S01–S09,members of Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria were the most prevalent,while in S10,the most prevalent bacteria class was Actinomycetia.Among S01–S09,members of Myoviridae and Herelleviridae were the most prevalent,while the dominant virus family of S10 was Picornaviridae.The full genome of the pigeon mesivirus-like virus(NC-BM-233)was recovered from S10 and contained an open reading frame of 8,124 nt.It showed the best hit to the pigeon mesivirus 2 polyprotein,with 84.10%amino acid identity.Phylogenetic analysis showed that RdRp clustered into Megrivirus B.Conclusion This study provides an initial assessment of the bacteria and viruses in the cage-smeared samples,broadens our knowledge of viral and bacterial diversity,and is a way to discover potential pathogens in wild birds .
基金support of Consellería de Educación,Universidade e Formación Profesional,Xunta de Galicia,Spain(Grant 2014-PG110),that funded the research that generated part of the results presented here.
文摘Although norovirus,rotavirus,adenovirus and Astrovirus are considered the most important viral agents transmitted by food and water,in recent years other viruses,such as Aichi virus(AiV),have emerged as responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with different foods.AiV belongs to the genus Kobuvirus of the family Picornaviridae.It is a virus with icosahedral morphology that presents a single stranded RNA genome with positive sense(8280 nucleotides)and a poly(A)chain.AiV was first detected from clinical samples and in recent years has been involved in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks from different world regions.Furthermore,several studies conducted in Japan,Germany,France,Tunisia and Spain showed a high prevalence of AiV antibodies in adults(between 80%and 99%),which is indicative of a large exposure to this virus.The aim of this review is to bring together all the discovered information about the emerging pathogen human Aichi virus(AiV),discussing the possibles routes of transmission,new detection techniques and future research.Although AiV is responsible for a low percentage of gastroenteritis outbreaks,the high seroprevalence shown by human populations indicates an evident role as an enteric agent.The low percentage of AiV detection could be explained by the fact that the pathogen is more associated to subclinical infections.Further studies will be needed to clarify the real impact of AiV in human health and its importance as a causative gastroenteritis agent worldwide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong,China(ZR2019PH040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81901321).
文摘Picornaviridae are a family of small positive-strand RNA viruses,and transmitted via the respiratory or fecal-oral route.The neurotropic picornaviruses can induce acute or late recurrent seizures following central nervous system infection,by infecting the peripheral nerve,crossing the blood-brain barrier and migrating in the Trojan-horse method.Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus(TMEV),as a member of Picornaviridae family,can cause encephalitis,leading to chronic spontaneous seizures.TMEV-infected C57BL/6 mice have been used as an animal model for exploring the mechanism of epileptogenesis and assessing new antiepileptic drugs.Astrogliosis,neuronal death and microglial recruitment have been detected in the hippocampus following the picornaviruse-induced encephalitis.The macrophages,monocytes,neutrophils,as well as IL-6 and TNF-αreleased by them,play an important role in the epileptogenesis.In this review,we summarize the clinical characteristics of picornavirus infection,and the immunopathology involved in the TMEV-induced epilepsy.
