Background: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a prevalent infection across the world and is a major health concern linked to the crowding that occurs during the Hajj season. Objectives: To identify how prevalent St...Background: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a prevalent infection across the world and is a major health concern linked to the crowding that occurs during the Hajj season. Objectives: To identify how prevalent Streptococcus pyogenes is among Umrah visitors and pilgrims by comparing its presence before and after the visitors perform Umrah and hajj. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on Umrah visitors/pilgrims, for which their throat swabs were taken for assessing the upper respiratory tract infection’s carriage rate, particularly of Group A streptococci (GAS), after they arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj and Umrah rituals and befor their leaving. After collecting the swabs, they were inoculated on Columbia agar using 5% sheep blood and then incubated at 37˚C. VITEK 2 systems were used to identify the isolates. Results: Of the 979/613 Umrah visitors/pilgrims involved, before performing Umrah, their Streptococcus pyogenes percentage was 0.2% and it increased to 0.7 after performing Umrah. Further, the Streptococcus pyogenes percentage before and after performing Hajj was 0.3% and 1.1%, respectively. No statistical significance was found in the difference between the positive Streptococcus pyogenes found before and after performing Hajj and Umrah among Umrah visitors/pilgrims (p-value = 0.2). All bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone antibiotics (100%). Conclusion: The Streptococcus pyogeneshigh resistance to antibiotics combined with the lack of a vaccine poses a serious risk concerning the resulting infection spread and emphasizes the necessity of ensuring greater global surveillance of such epidemics.展开更多
Through a comparative analysis of The Pilgrim's Progress and The Journey to the West, the paper aims to reveal what common ground is shared by the two novels and what light is thrown on the theme of spiritual salv...Through a comparative analysis of The Pilgrim's Progress and The Journey to the West, the paper aims to reveal what common ground is shared by the two novels and what light is thrown on the theme of spiritual salvation. The fruit of the study leads to a conclusion that both novels have employed religious doctrines and social criticisms to make the theme of spiritual salvation more palatable for their readers.展开更多
John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to...John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the earlier two stages,that is,the repentance of sins and the temptations after conversion.展开更多
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-Co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Tran...Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-Co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-Co V at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses(ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038(11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49(44%) were male and 35(31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two(38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28(25%) rhinovirus, 5(4%) influenza A, 2(2%) adenovirus, 2(2%) human coronavirus OC43/229 E, 2(2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1(1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2(2%) dual infections. No MERS-Co V was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.展开更多
The Pilgrim’s Progress in Mandarin translated by the British missionary William Chalmers Burns in the 1860s is regarded as one of the typical representatives of the early Europeanized vernacular texts.Compared with t...The Pilgrim’s Progress in Mandarin translated by the British missionary William Chalmers Burns in the 1860s is regarded as one of the typical representatives of the early Europeanized vernacular texts.Compared with the ancient vernacular,the frequency of the inclusive usage of“wǒmen”has increased significantly,which is directly influenced by the plural usage of first-person pronoun in English.Tracking back the origin of Chinese Europeanized grammar is an important part of the study of modern Chinese grammar,which not only is helpful to have a clear understanding of the characteristic of Europeanized grammar in the pre-development stage of modern Chinese,but also can lay a certain foundation for the comparative study of Europeanized grammar in different periods.In addition,this study can also provide linguistic basis for investigating the influence of western missionaries’Chinese translation on the formation of new literature.展开更多
Liuzhou City is located in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It has a warm and rainy climate and belongs to the middle subtropical monsoon climate. It is a rainstorm and flood-prone area. The work of flood dr...Liuzhou City is located in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It has a warm and rainy climate and belongs to the middle subtropical monsoon climate. It is a rainstorm and flood-prone area. The work of flood drainage and waterlogging prevention is very important. The “minute to minute” rainfall process data of Liuzhou National Meteorological Observation Station from 1975 to 2014 and the Pilgrim & Cordery method were used to estimate the short-time design rainstorm profile of Liuzhou City, and the profiles of the rainfall lasting for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min were obtained. The research shows that the same rain duration and different recurrence period conditions are consistent with the rainstorm profile. The rainfall duration of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min generally shows single-peak rainstorm profile, and the rainfall duration of 150 min shows double-peak rainstorm profile. Most peaks of each short-time design rainstorm profile are at or ahead of the 1/3 part of the entire rainfall process. During the same recurrence period, the rainfall in peak period fluctuated with the increase of the duration, and the intensity of rainfall increased with the prolonging of the recurrence period.展开更多
Development and implementation of pilgrims (Hajj) Guide application to be used at Hajj season would facilitate follow-up of campaign supervisors on their campaign’s safety and location. The systems would also allow H...Development and implementation of pilgrims (Hajj) Guide application to be used at Hajj season would facilitate follow-up of campaign supervisors on their campaign’s safety and location. The systems would also allow Hajj and Umrah administration to manage the crowd of the campaigns in an easy manner. In this paper, we propose Android/iPhone application that allows Hajj administration to monitor pilgrims using Quick Response Codes. Using quick response code application allows campaign supervisors and Hajj and Umrah employees to monitor pilgrims and guide them in case of getting lost. The application offers an easier and faster service than traditional approach used at Hajj season by human guidance. It is a very convenient service that would relief stresses of pilgrim’s relatives who worry about their relatives performing Hajj. The results show that the average score of our approach (QR) is 4.72 out of 5 comparing with traditional mobile applications indicating that the users are feeling enjoyable while using the new application features and the system is easy to use. Finally, the systems would assist in achieving the highest degree of pilgrims safety at Hajj season.展开更多
We assume generalized ghost Pilgrim dark energy(GGPDE) model in the presence of cold dark matter in flat FRW universe.With suitable choice of interaction term between GGPDE and cold dark matter,we investigate the natu...We assume generalized ghost Pilgrim dark energy(GGPDE) model in the presence of cold dark matter in flat FRW universe.With suitable choice of interaction term between GGPDE and cold dark matter,we investigate the nature of equation of state parameter for GGPDE.Also,we investigate the natures of dynamical scalar field models(such as quintessence,tachyon,k-essence,and dilaton dark energy) and concerned potentials through the correspondence phenomenon between GGPDE and these models.展开更多
In this work, we briefly discuss a novel class of modified gravity like f(T, TG) gravity. In this background,we assume the new agegraphic version of pilgrim dark energy and reconstruct f(T, TG) models for two specific...In this work, we briefly discuss a novel class of modified gravity like f(T, TG) gravity. In this background,we assume the new agegraphic version of pilgrim dark energy and reconstruct f(T, TG) models for two specific values of s. We also discuss the equation of state parameter, squared speed of sound and wDE-w DEplane for these reconstructed f(T, TG) models. The equation of state parameter provides phantom-like behavior of the universe. The wDE-w DEplane also corresponds to ΛCDM limit, thawing and freezing regions for both models.展开更多
John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the glad tidings of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through many tests and trials on the path to salvation.T...John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the glad tidings of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through many tests and trials on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the doctrinal instruction of the later two episodes,Doubting Castle and Enchanted Ground.展开更多
文摘Background: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a prevalent infection across the world and is a major health concern linked to the crowding that occurs during the Hajj season. Objectives: To identify how prevalent Streptococcus pyogenes is among Umrah visitors and pilgrims by comparing its presence before and after the visitors perform Umrah and hajj. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on Umrah visitors/pilgrims, for which their throat swabs were taken for assessing the upper respiratory tract infection’s carriage rate, particularly of Group A streptococci (GAS), after they arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj and Umrah rituals and befor their leaving. After collecting the swabs, they were inoculated on Columbia agar using 5% sheep blood and then incubated at 37˚C. VITEK 2 systems were used to identify the isolates. Results: Of the 979/613 Umrah visitors/pilgrims involved, before performing Umrah, their Streptococcus pyogenes percentage was 0.2% and it increased to 0.7 after performing Umrah. Further, the Streptococcus pyogenes percentage before and after performing Hajj was 0.3% and 1.1%, respectively. No statistical significance was found in the difference between the positive Streptococcus pyogenes found before and after performing Hajj and Umrah among Umrah visitors/pilgrims (p-value = 0.2). All bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone antibiotics (100%). Conclusion: The Streptococcus pyogeneshigh resistance to antibiotics combined with the lack of a vaccine poses a serious risk concerning the resulting infection spread and emphasizes the necessity of ensuring greater global surveillance of such epidemics.
文摘Through a comparative analysis of The Pilgrim's Progress and The Journey to the West, the paper aims to reveal what common ground is shared by the two novels and what light is thrown on the theme of spiritual salvation. The fruit of the study leads to a conclusion that both novels have employed religious doctrines and social criticisms to make the theme of spiritual salvation more palatable for their readers.
文摘John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the earlier two stages,that is,the repentance of sins and the temptations after conversion.
基金made possible by a National Priorities Research Program grant (NPRP 6-1505-3-358) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation)supported by an NHMRC Australia Fellowship
文摘Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-Co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-Co V at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses(ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038(11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49(44%) were male and 35(31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two(38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28(25%) rhinovirus, 5(4%) influenza A, 2(2%) adenovirus, 2(2%) human coronavirus OC43/229 E, 2(2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1(1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2(2%) dual infections. No MERS-Co V was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.
文摘The Pilgrim’s Progress in Mandarin translated by the British missionary William Chalmers Burns in the 1860s is regarded as one of the typical representatives of the early Europeanized vernacular texts.Compared with the ancient vernacular,the frequency of the inclusive usage of“wǒmen”has increased significantly,which is directly influenced by the plural usage of first-person pronoun in English.Tracking back the origin of Chinese Europeanized grammar is an important part of the study of modern Chinese grammar,which not only is helpful to have a clear understanding of the characteristic of Europeanized grammar in the pre-development stage of modern Chinese,but also can lay a certain foundation for the comparative study of Europeanized grammar in different periods.In addition,this study can also provide linguistic basis for investigating the influence of western missionaries’Chinese translation on the formation of new literature.
文摘Liuzhou City is located in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It has a warm and rainy climate and belongs to the middle subtropical monsoon climate. It is a rainstorm and flood-prone area. The work of flood drainage and waterlogging prevention is very important. The “minute to minute” rainfall process data of Liuzhou National Meteorological Observation Station from 1975 to 2014 and the Pilgrim & Cordery method were used to estimate the short-time design rainstorm profile of Liuzhou City, and the profiles of the rainfall lasting for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min were obtained. The research shows that the same rain duration and different recurrence period conditions are consistent with the rainstorm profile. The rainfall duration of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min generally shows single-peak rainstorm profile, and the rainfall duration of 150 min shows double-peak rainstorm profile. Most peaks of each short-time design rainstorm profile are at or ahead of the 1/3 part of the entire rainfall process. During the same recurrence period, the rainfall in peak period fluctuated with the increase of the duration, and the intensity of rainfall increased with the prolonging of the recurrence period.
文摘Development and implementation of pilgrims (Hajj) Guide application to be used at Hajj season would facilitate follow-up of campaign supervisors on their campaign’s safety and location. The systems would also allow Hajj and Umrah administration to manage the crowd of the campaigns in an easy manner. In this paper, we propose Android/iPhone application that allows Hajj administration to monitor pilgrims using Quick Response Codes. Using quick response code application allows campaign supervisors and Hajj and Umrah employees to monitor pilgrims and guide them in case of getting lost. The application offers an easier and faster service than traditional approach used at Hajj season by human guidance. It is a very convenient service that would relief stresses of pilgrim’s relatives who worry about their relatives performing Hajj. The results show that the average score of our approach (QR) is 4.72 out of 5 comparing with traditional mobile applications indicating that the users are feeling enjoyable while using the new application features and the system is easy to use. Finally, the systems would assist in achieving the highest degree of pilgrims safety at Hajj season.
文摘We assume generalized ghost Pilgrim dark energy(GGPDE) model in the presence of cold dark matter in flat FRW universe.With suitable choice of interaction term between GGPDE and cold dark matter,we investigate the nature of equation of state parameter for GGPDE.Also,we investigate the natures of dynamical scalar field models(such as quintessence,tachyon,k-essence,and dilaton dark energy) and concerned potentials through the correspondence phenomenon between GGPDE and these models.
文摘In this work, we briefly discuss a novel class of modified gravity like f(T, TG) gravity. In this background,we assume the new agegraphic version of pilgrim dark energy and reconstruct f(T, TG) models for two specific values of s. We also discuss the equation of state parameter, squared speed of sound and wDE-w DEplane for these reconstructed f(T, TG) models. The equation of state parameter provides phantom-like behavior of the universe. The wDE-w DEplane also corresponds to ΛCDM limit, thawing and freezing regions for both models.
文摘John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the glad tidings of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through many tests and trials on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the doctrinal instruction of the later two episodes,Doubting Castle and Enchanted Ground.
