Exploration of Operation and Maintenance Management Mode and Innovation Mechanism of Pilot Base of Chemical Park

Based on the current situation of the operation and maintenance management of the pilot base in many chemical parks in China,this paper conducts an in-depth exploration of the operation and maintenance management and innovation mode of the pilot base from the aspects of the evaluation of the pilot project entering the park,safety and environmental protection supervision,pilot mode,and industrialization mode of the pilot test results,so as to provide solutions for accelerating the process and industrialization of the pilot project and realizing the innovation value of the pilot base.

Conceptual Architecture for Remotely Piloted Operation Mode in Commercial Aircraft

With the increasing civil aviation passengers and the rapid development of aviation logistics,the study on remotely piloted operation(RPO)mode has received extensive attention.RPO mode constructs the piloting decisionmaking mode which involves the tripartite collaboration among airborne automatic/autonomous system,remote ground-based crews and air traffic control.In this paper,we describe the organizing architecture for commercial remotely piloted aircraft(CRPA)system and its components.Compared with the current operation mode,the new air-ground collaborative decision-making mode has been established with six different situations based on the type of the flight and the condition of the remote pilot.Taking airport surface operation as an experimental example,we model the airport surface operation process and compare the advantages and disadvantages between RPO mode and the current dual-pilot mode from the perspectives of time and operation coverage,and draw conclusions that RPO mode can basically cover the flight operations of the dual-pilot,improve the accuracy of pilot operations and greatly reduce response time by 48%in pre-flight inspection.The above research would be the foundation for the RPO development of commercial aircraft in China.

Single-pilot operations in commercial flight:Effects on neural activity and visual behaviour under abnormalities and emergencies

With cutting-edge technologies and considering airline human-resource-saving,a single pilot in commercial jets could be technically feasible.Investigating changes in captains’natural behaviours are initially required to comprehend the specific safe human performance envelope for safeguarding single-pilot flight,particularly in high-risk situations.This paper investigates how captains’performance transforms for fixing emergencies when operating from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO)to Single-Pilot Operations(SPO)through a physiological-based approach.Twenty pilots flew an emergency-included flight with/without first officers’assistance.The neural activities and scanning behaviours were recorded using a 32-channel Electroencephalogram(EEG)and glasses-based eye tracker,with the observation and post-experiment questionnaires to evaluate the flight operations and pilots’perception.Flying alone,there was a significantly increased cortical activity in h and b waves over the frontal,parietal,and temporal lobes during the more complicated emergencies,and pilots focused less on the primary flight display while spending significantly more time scanning the other interfaces.The physiological fluctuating patterns associated with risky operations in SPO were highlighted by cross-correlating multimodal data.The experimental-based noteworthy insights may wish to inform commercial SPO measures to lessen the persistent physiological fluctuation,assisting airlines in creating SPO-oriented intelligent flight systems to give captains adequate support for assuring safer air transportation.

基于模糊Petri网的引航员作业舒适度评价

为提高引航员的作业舒适度,提出一种基于模糊Petri网(FPN)的模糊推理算法(FRA)下的组合评价方法。首先,针对作业舒适度影响因子的不确定性信息,建立多因素耦合的FPN拓扑结构;然后,采用博弈论组合赋权法确定最优组合权重,提出融合层间相关性判断临界重要性、层次分析法和FRA,建立基于主客观权重的FRA,通过迭代求解库所可信度和状态矩阵;最后,结合上海港船舶引航的场景数据,基于FPN的FRA应用,评价引航员作业舒适度。结果表明:环境与引航设备是影响其作业舒适度的关键因素,冬季和夏季的引航作业舒适度评价等级对应“较不舒适”,其中,5月份为“较舒适”。所提方法充分体现系统舒适度影响因素的耦合特性。

飞行员应急处置能力评价模型

为提高飞行员在紧急情境下的应急处置能力,减少民航安全事故,基于决策模型和应激理论模型,分析飞行员任务过程,从飞行员运行安全能力和飞行员储备安全能力2个方面建立飞行员应急处置能力指标体系;运用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)建立包含安全运行能力B1和储备安全能力B2指标体系,结合专家意见确定二级指标的隶属度,得到飞行员应急处置能力的核心指标;通过证据推理(ER)算法合成民航安全领域相关专家综合评价飞行员应急处置能力的流程,并选取某航空公司2个机组飞行员进行实证分析。研究结果表明:评价飞行员应急处置能力模型很好地降低不确定性对评价结果的影响,从而显著提高评价结果的可靠性。

先导式安全阀整定压力预测方法研究

以自主研制的先导式安全阀为研究对象,针对先导阀的感压控制结构,开展整定压力预测方法研究。根据动作功能和结构原理分析,提出了一种测量整定预紧力的方式,并研制了专用传感器。对样机进行适应性改造和传感器安装后,开展相关冷态实验研究。结果表明,关键力值的监测数据可用于安全阀整定压力的预测,但还需进一步考虑温度等运行参数和阀门结构设计参数的影响,优化预测算法。

有人无人融合运行下空域容量评估方法研究

远程遥控航空器(Remotely Piloted Aircraft,RPA)在有人机空域的融合运行是航空业当前面临复杂挑战之一。为能够让RPA和传统飞机在非隔离空域运行,需要解决RPA融合运行下的空域容量评估问题。基于AirTop仿真平台,结合空域冲突数量及其严重性、扇区平均飞行时间及距离、管制负荷等空域运行性能指标评估RPA融合运行将如何影响空域性能,并在此基础上提出了新的有人无人融合运行下的空域容量评估方法,通过识别扇区流量与管制负荷曲线上的突变并结合目标安全水平来确定不同融合比下理论扇区饱和容量值。研究结果得出不同有人无人航空器融合比下的理论扇区容量。

混合级联特高压直流输电线路纵联差动保护适应性分析

为探究现有高压直流输电线路纵联差动保护对混合级联特高压直流输电系统的适应性,结合混合级联特高压直流输电系统的运行方式,理论分析和仿真分析3种特殊运行方式下直流系统不同位置故障的故障特性和保护适应性。理论分析发现纵联差动保护适应性较好。仿真分析发现直流线路分布电容和逆变侧模块化多电平型换流器(modular multilevelconverter,MMC)控制特性影响在直流线路故障时直流线路电流延时自减值长时间处于波动状态,导致纵联差动保护长时间处于闭锁状态,此时,系统长时间承受MMC超大故障电流冲击。直流线路区外故障时整流侧与逆变侧直流电流差值的绝对值数值较大且长时间处于波动变化状态,纵联差动保护存在误动的风险。

科技金融能促进农业创业活跃度吗?——来自地市级微观数据的准自然实验证据

科技金融是推动农业创新创业高质量发展的重要动力。本文运用2005—2021年全国285个城市的面板数据,实证分析科技金融试点政策对农业创业活跃度的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:科技金融试点政策显著促进了农业创业活跃度,该结论在考虑内生性问题后依旧稳健。机制检验表明:科技金融试点政策可借助增强农业信贷支持、扩大农业经营规模和促进农业人才集聚激发农业创业活力。异质性分析发现:科技金融试点政策对农业创业活跃度的促进效应在中部和西部城市、高数字技术发展水平地区、非粮食主产区更为显著。拓展分析发现:科技金融试点政策对农业创新的质与量都产生了显著促进作用,侧面佐证了本文结论。本文研究结论为科技金融与农业创业的深度融合发展提供了理论支持和经验证据。

大型水质净化厂纯膜MBBR工艺条件优化及运行分析

广东某大型水质净化厂将原平流沉淀池末端改造为纯膜MBBR工艺段,以提高系统对微污染河道水中氨氮的去除效果。改造后稳定运行期间,厂区出水COD_(Mn)、BOD_(5)、氨氮、TP和SS的平均质量浓度分别为19、2.7、0.47、0.10 mg/L和8 mg/L,平均去除率分别为24.11%、35.03%、85.17%、56.30%和57.15%,满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类水质标准。通过中试探究了水温、气水比、水力停留时间及填料填充率各运行条件对纯膜MBBR工艺硝化性能的影响。结果表明,最佳运行条件:水温为25℃、气水比为1.50∶1、水力停留时间为54 min、悬浮填料填充率为40%。优化条件下,氨氮平均去除率可达97.79%。文章对纯膜MBBR生物池的调试及运行经验进行了总结,可为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。

先导式比例电磁阀电磁力水平特性分析及优化

阻尼可调减振器作为悬架系统的核心部件,对汽车行驶平顺性至关重要,而先导式比例电磁阀作为减振器中的重要元件,对减振器性能起到关键作用。介绍了电磁阀的结构及工作原理,利用Maxwell 2D有限元仿真软件建立电磁铁仿真模型,对静态下的电磁力-位移水平特性进行仿真计算,并根据仿真结果对电磁铁隔磁环倾角、导套厚度、衔铁长度、衔铁宽度等结构参数进行调整分析,通过电磁力水平特性试验,验证仿真模型的准确性。引入正交实验法,对各参数进行协同优化,采用标准差这一指标衡量电磁力水平特性,优化后的产品电磁力标准差为0.635888,优化效果提升7.98%。为阀体的机-电-液-磁耦合仿真分析奠定了基础。

基于改进功能共振分析法的SPO风险演化

为充分识别单一飞行员运行(SPO)模式下各子系统要素间的交互关系和耦合作用,梳理风险演化机制,使用改进功能共振分析法(FRAM)构建定量分析模型。采用模糊综合评判法评估系统功能模块的功能可变性;引入结构重要性概念,分析计算系统功能模块的上下游耦合变异性,厘清系统各功能要素间耦合作用影响机制;针对SPO特定场景案例,应用蒙特卡罗模拟法计算功能共振风险指数,分析潜在功能共振情况,并设置有效功能屏障。结果表明:改进的FRAM法可以解释SPO的非线性耦合情况,空中交通管制服务、飞行员认知状态、机长操纵等模块的功能可变性耦合变化指数较大,均超过2.5;进近着陆场景中机组技术培训、重要气象信息、空中交通管制服务、地面信息保障等8个功能容易出现功能共振情况;结合功能共振结果,设置物理、象征、功能、隐形种功能安全屏障措施,并以此得出针对性运行保障建议。

基于改进STPA-DEMATEL的智能航电系统致因要素分析

针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)相结合的致因分析框架。首先,在定义系统级危险的基础上构建安全控制结构,识别其不安全控制行为并提取与智能化缺陷相关的STPA致因要素。接下来,引入毕达哥拉斯模糊加权平均算子和闵可夫斯基距离对传统DEMATEL方法进行优化,专家根据控制反馈回路对致因要素进行评价并计算其中心度与原因度。最后,分析STPA致因要素与SOTIF致因属性之间的映射关系,给出关键致因要素的风险减缓措施。以单一飞行员驾驶(single-pilot operation,SPO)模式下的虚拟驾驶员助理系统为例说明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。研究结果表明,改进的STPA-DEMATEL方法可以有效识别关键致因要素,且能够克服专家评价的模糊性与不确定性,为智能航电系统的安全性设计提供了参考依据。

DFCluster:An efficient algorithm to mine maximal differential biclusters for single pilot operations task synthesis safety analysis

With the continuous advancement of the avionics system,crew members are correspondingly reduced,and Single Pilot Operations(SPO)has attracted widespread attention from scholars.To meet the flight requirements in SPO mode,it is necessary to further strengthen air-ground coordination system integration,but at the same time,there will be some safety issues caused by resource integration,function fusion,and task synthesis.Aimed at the safety problems caused by task synthesis,an efficient differential bicluster mining algorithm--DFCluster algorithm is proposed in this paper to discover potential hazardous elements or propagation mechanisms through mining the resource-function matrixes.To mine efficiently,several pruning techniques are designed for generating maximal biclusters without candidate maintenance.The experimental results show that the DFCluster algorithm is more efficient than the existing differential biclustering algorithms under different scales of artificial datasets and public datasets.Then,a typical flight scenario is designed based on SPO air-ground collaborative system architecture,and combined with our proposed DFCluster algorithm for task synthesis safety analysis.Based on the mining results,the SPO airground collaborative system architecture is modified,which ultimately improves the safety of the SPO system.

A systematic literature review of human-centered design approach in single pilot operations

Single Pilot Operations(SPO),as a NextGen concept of operation,can save both crew costs and human resources for airlines,and has attracted the attention of aviation researchers.To explore in advance the problems that the introduction of SPO into the aviation system would bring,the Human-Centered Design(HCD)approach has been widely used in the development of SPO.A systematic review of the progress of HCD approach in SPO research can promote further development of SPO.In this paper,the literature resources of SPO were firstly retrieved from scientific research databases by subject search and were used as the input of scientometric analysis to obtain the highly cited literature,the number of annual publications,and the co-authorship network,which enables readers to understand the research trends and research groups of current SPO.Secondly,the development,application,and research process of the HCD approach were introduced in detail,and the progress of the HCD approach in SPO research was reviewed systematically from three aspects:concept design,function allocation,and system evaluation.Finally,limitations of current SPO research and future research directions for applying the HCD approach to SPO were also discussed.

化工园区中试基地运营维护管理模式及创新机制探究

基于国内多个化工园区中试基地运营维护管理的现状,从中试项目入园评审、安全环保监管、中试模式、中试成果产业化模式等方面,对中试基地运维管理及创新模式进行深入探究,为加快中试项目进程及产业化、实现中试基地创新价值提供解决思路。

船舶舵机电液负载模拟液压系统建模与分析

针对多余力影响电液负载模拟装置精度和动态特性的问题,搭建电液负载模拟液压系统,并基于电液伺服阀和液压缸的数学模型,构建电液负载模拟装置的阀控液压缸位置伺服系统及力伺服系统的数学模型。采用AMESim软件对电液负载模拟液压系统加载缸的位移及加载力进行建模分析,分析结果表明力超调量过大,由此,提出采用加装先导式比例减压阀来减小外部负载冲击引起的多余力。通过仿真和试验表明,加装先导式比例减压阀可抑制系统压力冲击,有效降低系统多余力。可为电液负载模拟装置多余力的抑制提供理论指导。

Optimization and verification of single pilot operations model for commercial aircraft based on biclustering method

Commercial aircraft crews have experienced a trend from five-person crew to dual-pilot crew.Arised from both technological and market demands,Single Pilot Operations(SPO)is considered an important development direction in modern aviation technology.In this paper,starting from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO),the piloting process,decision-making process and decisionmaking mode of DPO for commercial aircraft are studied to obtain the operational requirements of SPO.Then,based on above analysis,the operational mechanism of SPO is studied and the core technology of SPO mode is proposed.Next,a new closed frequent bicluster mining algorithm named FsCluster is proposed for the optimization of the SPO model,and the other efficient bicluster mining algorithm named TsCluster is proposed for the analysis and verification of the SPO model.Finally,a typical flight phase scenario is modelled by Magic System of System,and combined with the proposed algorithms for analysis and verification to determine whether the SPO mode can meet the DPO requirements.

地面公共交通运营服务标准化“双体系”创新管理实践——以北京地面公共交通运营服务标准化试点为例

北京地面公共交通运营服务标准化试点是国家级第六批社会管理和公共服务综合标准化试点项目。本文以该试点为例,提出了标准化建设“双体系”模式——基础管理体系与标准建设体系,系统阐述了标准化“双体系”的理论内涵、创新实践与建设成效,以期为行业标准化工作提供参考。标准化“双体系”中,基础管理体系是标准化工作的底层根基,通过组织建设、制度建设、文化建设,夯实标准化管理基本盘,支撑和服务于标准建设体系。标准建设体系是标准化工作的上层建筑,通过体系构建、标准编制、体系运行,牵住标准化建设牛鼻子,直接影响企业标准化成效。两大体系协同驱动企业实现经济、社会、环境效益共赢,助推行业标准化共同发展。

基于ECS的内河船舶引航操作适任实操评估方法研究

重庆内河船员适任评估示范中心建成以后,内河船员实操考试将由现有的实船评估向模拟器评估逐步转变。通过分析重庆海事局当前内河船员实操考试的现状及存在的问题,结合现实问题,提出了利用电子海图系统(ECS)开展内河船舶引航操作项目实操评估的可行性方案。