Aqueous suspension of anise “Pimpinella anisum” protects rats against chemically induced gastric ulcers

AIM： To substantiate the claims of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect of a popular spice anise, ＂Pimpinella anisum L.＂ on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. METHODS： Acute gastric ulceration in rats was produced by various noxious chemicals including 80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCI and indomethacin. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken using pylorusligated Shay rat technique. Levels of gastric non-protein sulfhydryls （NP-SH） and wall mucus were estimated and gastric tissue was also examined histologically. Anise aqueous suspension was used in two doses （250 and 500 mg/kg body weight） in all experiments. RESULTS： Anise significantly inhibited gastric mu- cosal damage induced by necrotizing agents and indomethacin. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, anise suspension significantly reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and completely inhibited the rumenal ulceration. On the other hand, the suspension significantly replenished ethanol-induced depleted levels of gastric mucosal NP-SH and gastric wall mucus concentration. CONCLUSION： Anise aqueous suspension possesses significant cytoprotective and anti-ulcer activities against experimentallynduced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect of anise is possibly prostaglandin-mediated and/orthrough its anti-secretory and antioxidative properties.

中国茴芹属(Pimpinella)植物的系统分类研究进展

茴芹属是伞形科中较大的属之一,旧大陆广泛分布,具有两侧压扁的卵圆形双悬果。中国茴芹属植物在形态学、解剖学、细胞学方面已有一定工作的积累,而分子系统学为该属的系统分类学研究带来新的观点。该研究对中国茴芹属植物的系统分类研究近况进行概述,并且提出建议,为茴芹属更深入的系统分类研究提供思考。

Aromatization of virgin olive oil by seeds of Pimpinella anisum using three different methods:Physico-chemical change and thermal stability of flavored oils

Knowing that flavored products would increase the use of olive oil by non-traditional consumers and enhance the added value of this valuable agricultural product,the virgin olive oil(VOO)was flavored with the seeds of Pimpinella anisum(Green anise)using three different methods:classic maceration,ultrasonic assisted maceration and direct addition of the essential oil(EO).These methodswere compared under two main criteria:time and level of aromatization.The physico-chemical parameters and the thermal stability of flavored oils prepared by the three methods were determined by AOAC titration method and GC–MS analysis so as to compare the aromatization effect of the three methods.The trans-anethole is the major component of the EO of anise seeds as well as the indicator of the level of aromatization.GC/MS analysis results of the flavored oils showed that the diffusion of trans-anethole in the flavored oil by direct addition of EO was very important(36.3%of the total volatile fraction of the flavored oil)in comparison to the oil flavored by ultrasonic assisted maceration or classic maceration(respectively 26.59%and 23.85%).These different aromatization methods ensure an improvement in the quality of VOO with an enrichment in polyphenols estimated at 35%in the case of ultrasonic flavored oil,an increase in the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls(67%and 21%respectively)in the event of aromatization by classic maceration,and a decrease in specific absorbency at 232 nmestimated at 29%during aromatization by addition of EO as well as a decrease in the peroxide value estimated at 26%in oil flavored by classic maceration unlike in oil flavored by ultrasoundwhich has seen an increase of around 20%.The aromatization was able to maintain the stability of the oils and its qualification as VOO with a gain in induction time in the case of treatment at 60℃ estimated at 29 and 27.5 d respectively in oils flavored by addition of EO and by conventional maceration,an improvement resistance to degradation concerning K_(232) and K_(270) of all flavored oils which varied from 15 to 40 d in the case of treatment at 60℃ and 3 h resistance to degradation of oils treated at 130℃ for K_(232).Polyphenols,chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids play an important role in oxidative stability due to their antioxidant nature and their degradation during heating is very complex.All of these physico-chemical changes have increased the thermal stability of flavored oils with better resistance to oxidation of flavored oil by classic maceration in compared to oil flavored by adding EO and the oil flavored by using ultrasound.

Circumscription of the East Asia clade (Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae) and the taxonomic placements of several problematic genera

The East Asia(or Physospermopsis) clade was recognized in previous molecular phylogenetic investigations into the higher-level relationships of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. The composition of this clade, the phylogenetic relationships among its constituent taxa, and the placement of species previously determined to be problematic have yet to be resolved. Herein, nr DNA ITS sequences were obtained for150 accessions of Apioideae, representing species whose distributions are in East Asia or genera having one or more species included within the East Asia clade. These data, along with published ITS sequences from other Apioideae(for 3678 accessions altogether), were subjected to maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. The results show that the East Asia clade contains representatives of 11currently recognized genera: Hansenia, Hymenolaena, Keraymonia, Sinolimprichtia, Acronema, Hymenidium, Physospermopsis, Pimpinella, Sinocarum, Tongoloa, and Trachydium. However, the latter seven genera have members falling outside of the East Asia clade, including the generic types of all except Tongoloa. Within the clade, the species comprising these seven genera are widely intermingled, greatly increasing confusion among relationships than previously realized. The problematic species Physospermopsis cuneata is confirmed as falling within the East Asia clade, whereas P. rubrinervis allies with the generic type in tribe Pleurospermeae. Physospermopsis kingdon-wardii is confirmed as a member of the genus Physospermopsis, whereas the generic attributions of P. cuneata and Tongoloa stewardii remain unclear. Two species of Sinocarum(S. filicinum and S. wolffianum) are transferred into the genus Meeboldia. This is the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic investigation of the East Asia clade to date, and while the results increase systematic understanding of the clade, they also highlight the need for further studies of one of the most taxonomically intractable groups in Apioideae.

杏叶防风的化学成分及抗炎活性研究(Ⅱ)

为了研究杏叶防风(Pimpinella candolleana)的化学成分及其抗炎活性,采用正相硅胶、ODS反相硅胶、D101大孔吸附树脂及MCI树脂等多种色谱方法对杏叶防风70%乙醇提取物部位进行了分离,并通过与文献对比波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。体外培养小鼠单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞(RAW 264.7)细胞,脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导RAW 264.7细胞建立氧化损伤模型,利用一氧化氮(NO)试剂盒检测NO浓度,评价各化合物的抗炎活性。从该植物中分离得到25个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone(1)、1-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone(2)、bellidifolin(3)、desmethylbellidifolin(4)、当药醇苷(5)、日本当药黄素(6)、异日本獐牙菜素(7)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(8)、luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-[6′′′-O-caffeoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside(9)、木犀草素-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)、木犀草素-6-C-β-L-岩藻糖苷(11)、荭草素(12)、异荭草素(13)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(14)、芹菜素(15)、quercetin-3-O-β-D-(6″-caffeoylgalactoside)(16)、小麦黄素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(17)、葛根素(18)、牡荆素(19)、商陆素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(20)、商陆素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(21)、鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(22)、鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(23)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(24)、柯伊利素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(25)。其中,化合物13~15首次从杏叶防风中分离得到,化合物1~12、16~25首次从茴芹属植物中分离得到;生物活性测定结果表明,化合物1~3、6~10、12~15、17~20、23、25能抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞的NO释放,显示出一定的抗炎活性。

Seed Priming with MgCl_(2),CaCl_(2),and ZnCl_(2) as a Biofortification Based-Approach Induces Changes in Anise Seedlings Emergence

Aromatic and medicinal plant species having small seeds havefield emergence problems due to low nutrient supply.Therefore,Pimpinella anisum seeds were hydro and osmoprimed with 100 mM MgCl_(2),CaCl_(2),and ZnCl_(2),for 2,4,and 8 h each to compare their growth attributes during germination and seedling establishment stages.Nontreated seeds were used as control.Both hydro and osmo primed seeds were dried for 48 h before,they were sown in plastic trays in growth room conditions to see the impact of treatments on seedling emergence and growth.The maximum root length(12.90 cm),fresh weight(256.30 mg plant^(-1)),and mean emergence time(MET)were recorded from 8 h MgCl_(2) primed seeds.Similarly,the maximum(97.50,and 98.00%)emergence percentage was observed using 8 h MgCl_(2) primed seeds and nontreated seeds(control treatment).The evaluation of parameters like chlorophyll contents and electrical conductivity showed the 8 h MgCl_(2) priming as the optimum treatment.The evaluation of parameters like chlorophyll contents and electrical conductivity showed the 8 h MgCl_(2) priming as the optimum treatment.The result suggests MgCl_(2) priming worked synergistically and improved seed-ling growth attributes under greenhouse conditions.The chlorophyll content ranged 25.94–35.69 SPAD unit.The highest chlorophyll content was obtained from the seedlings obtained from 4 h CaCl_(2) treatment,which were statistically similar to the chlorophyll contents of the seedlings obtained after 8 h MgCl_(2) treatment and nontreated seeds(control treatment).All other treatments showed inhibition in the chlorophyll contents and growth attributes of the seedlings.In conclusion,MgCl_(2) osmopriming treatments were significantly promotive and better compared to hydro-priming and osmopriming treatments including control treatment in terms of anise seeds germination and emergence.

杏叶防风的化学成分及抗炎活性研究

杏叶防风(Pimpinella candolleana)为贵州苗族习用草药,用于黄疸型肝炎、急性胆囊炎等病症的治疗。为探究杏叶防风的化学成分及其抗炎活性,该研究采用硅胶、凝胶、ODS等色谱技术对杏叶防风全草70%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过NMR、MS等波谱数据鉴定化合物结构,采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞作为炎症模型,评价单体化合物的抗炎活性。结果表明:(1)从杏叶防风中分离并鉴定了20个化合物,分别为香草醛(1)、芝麻素(2)、2-甲基-2-羟基-5-甲氧基苯并[d]氢化呋喃-3-酮(3)、原儿茶醛(4)、1,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone(5)、异鼠李素(6)、山奈酚(7)、8-羟基-2-甲基色原酮(8)、木犀草素(9)、槲皮素(10)、1-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(2 S,3 S,4 R,8 E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-羟基棕榈酰胺]-8-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(11)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(12)、异槲皮苷(13)、去甲当药醇苷(14)、木犀草素-6-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(15)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(16)、山奈酚-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(17)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(18)、异牡荆苷(19)、芦丁(20)。其中,化合物1、3、4、6、7、10、13、16、18、20均为首次从该植物中分离得到。(2)抗炎结果显示,化合物2-10、12、18、19均可显著抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞NO释放量(P<0.05,P<0.01),其中化合物4、7、10、18在浓度为25μmol·L^(-1)时,抑制率分别为57.37%、83.60%、68.16%、81.14%。该研究丰富了杏叶防风的化学成分,明确了黄酮类化合物是其发挥抗炎功效的活性成分,为杏叶防风的进一步研究与开发利用提供了一定的依据。

羊红膻在家畜饲养中的研究与应用进展

羊红膻具有调脾胃、平肝、补肾、修复机体的作用,可以促进胃肠消化吸收,是一味利用价值很高的中草药。本文主要介绍了羊红膻的成分、作用及其在家畜饲养中的应用,并对目前存在的问题进行了论述,旨在为羊红膻作为饲料添加剂代替抗生素应用于畜牧业做出参考。

横断山区伞形科4种7个居群植物的核型研究

对横断山区伞形科棱子芹属2种植物(松潘棱子芹Pleurospermum franchetianumHemsl.和西藏棱子芹Pleurospermum hookeriC.B.Clarke var.thomsoniiC.B.Clarke)和茴芹属2种植物(异叶茴芹Pimpinella diversi-foliaDC.和锐叶茴芹Pimpinella argutaDiels)共7个居群进行体细胞染色体数目观察和核型比较分析,结果表明,棱子芹属和茴芹属植物属内种间染色体基数存在差异,其中松潘棱子芹为2n=2x=18=16sm+2st,西藏棱子芹为2n=2x=22=16m+6sm;茴芹属光果组中锐叶茴芹为2n=2x=22=22m,毛果组中异叶茴芹为2n=18=18st或2n=18=2sm+16st.松潘棱子芹、西藏棱子芹、锐叶茴芹的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道,从而为棱子芹属和茴芹属的分类和演化研究提供细胞学依据.

茴芹属16种植物的花粉形态及系统学分析

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对茴芹属16种植物的花粉形态进行了观察,其中12种为首次报道。结果表明,茴芹属16种植物花粉大小为(19.75～33.03)μm×(11.52～17.41)μm,极轴与赤道轴的比值(P/E)为1.40～2.28,体积大小指数(P×E)^(1/2)为16.71～23.97,属于中型花粉,具三孔沟,萌发孔位置为边萌发孔。花粉粒赤道面观有近矩形、赤道收缩形、椭圆形和近菱形等类型,其中近矩形和赤道收缩形占多数;极面观为三角形或三角圆形。扫描电镜下,其外壁表面纹饰赤道面观为脑纹状,极面观近光滑或为穴纹状。在伞形科芹亚科中,茴芹属植物的花粉具有中等进化、比较进化的形态特征。研究认为,花粉形态可为个别物种的分类处理提供孢粉学证据。

羊红膻根中羊红膻素H等的分离与鉴定

从草药羊红膻 Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff.根降压有效部位中首次分得 5个化合物 ,经光谱(U V,IR,MS,1 HNMR,1 3CNMR,1 H- 1 HCOSY,1 H- 1 3CCOSY,DEPT)解析 ,鉴定为 5 -甲氧基 - 2 -甲基苯骈呋喃( ) ,甘油二乙酸酯 ( ) ,异香草醛 ( ) ,棕榈酸 ( ) ,油酸 ( ) ,其中化合物 为具有降压活性的新化合物 ,命名为羊红膻素 H;化合物 ～

羊红膻的显微及薄层鉴别研究

目的建立羊红膻(Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff.)显微及薄层鉴别方法。方法采用光学显微镜观察其组织与药材粉末显微特征;薄层色谱方法对有效成分进行鉴定。结果组织与粉末鉴定中可见纤维、导管、分泌物块、薄壁细胞、石细胞、厚角细胞、油管、非腺毛、淀粉粒;β-谷甾醇、黄酮苷薄层色谱特征明显。结论该显微与薄层鉴定方法操作简便,快捷,重复性好,可作为羊红膻药材鉴别及质量控制的有效方法。

羊红膻根中羊红膻素A及羊红膻素B的分离和鉴定

从草药羊红膻（ＰｉｍｐｉｎｅｌａｔｈｅｌｕｎｇｉａｎａＷｏｌｆ）根中分得２个化合物，经光谱解析（ＵＶ，ＩＲ，ＭＳ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１Ｈ１ＨＣＯＳＹ，１３ＣＮＭＲ，１３Ｃ１ＨＣＯＳＹ和ＤＥＰＴ），鉴定为２（１ｅｔｈｏｘｙ２ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ）ｐｒｏｐｙｌ４ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｈｅｎｏｌ（Ｉ）和２（１ｅｔｈｏｘｙ２ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ）ｐｒｏｐｙｌ４ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｐｈｅｎｙｌ２ｍｅｔｈｙｌｂｕｔｙｒａｔｅ（ＩＩ），分别命名为羊红膻素Ａ及羊红膻素Ｂ，为２个新的天然产物，药理实验表明这２个新化合物均有较明显的降压活性。

杏叶防风挥发油成分SPME-GC-MS分析

目的:分析杏叶防风挥发油化学成分。方法:利用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(SPME-GC-MS)联用技术对杏叶防风挥发油成分进行研究。结果:共鉴定出65种化学成分,占挥发油总成分的92.17%。结论:杏叶防风挥发油主要化学成分是α-姜烯(24.82%),前盖介烯(16.27%),β-没药烯(4.82%),2-异丙基-5-甲基-9-亚甲基-二环[4.4.0]萘烷-1-烯(4.03%),β-倍半水芹烯(3.98%),反式-β-金合欢烯(3.68%),芳姜黄烯(3.54%)等。

羊红膻根化学成分的研究Ⅲ.羊红膻素F的分离和鉴定

从草药羊红膻根中又分得2个化合物，经光谱解析（UV，IR，1H、13CNMR，DEPT及1H-1HCOSY，1H－13CCOSY），确定这2个化合物的结构为：4-羟基-丙烯苯-（2-甲基丁酸）酯（Ⅰ），2-羟基-5-甲氧基-丙烯苯-（2-甲基丁酸）酯（Ⅱ）。Ⅰ为新化合物，定名为羊红膻素F。Ⅱ为首次从本植物中分得。

浙江产异叶茴芹叶挥发油化学成分研究

目的研究浙江产伞形科茴芹属植物异叶茴芹叶挥发油的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪作定性分析,按峰面积归一化法计算挥发油中化学成分的相对百分含量。结果鉴定出38个化合物,占总挥发油相对含量的94%。主要成分为1H-苯并环庚烯(22.70%)、水芹烯(17.77%)、β-花柏烯(15.94%),还含有一定量的β-榄香烯(2.99%)和β-法尼烯(1.75%)。结论浙江产异叶茴芹叶可作为提取榄香烯和法尼烯的原料药材。

羊红膻根的化学成分研究

目的：为探索新的降压有效成分。方法：羊红膻根的乙醚提取物经层析分离，理化性质和光谱分析鉴定。结果：从羊红膻根中分得一化合物其结构为２（１′，２′二羟基）丙基４甲氧基苯酚。结论：为羊红膻根中分得的新化合物。

洋茴香提取液与挥发油的实验研究

研究了洋茴香提取液和挥发油的药理活性 ,并进行比较。提取液具有明显镇咳平喘作用 ,大剂量组有明显祛痰作用。挥发油除有明显祛痰作用外 ,还有明显对抗热板和醋酸引起的疼痛刺激作用 ,显著减少小鼠自发活动次数 ,能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。

黔产海桐花属、茴芹属和糯米团属药用植物资源的种类及分布

为了摸清黔产海桐花属、茴芹属和糯米团属药用植物的种类和分布情况,采用野外考察、标本采集、分类鉴定和资料考证相结合的方法对黔产海桐花属、茴芹属和糯米团属药用植物资源进行了调查。结果表明:贵州分布有海桐花属、茴芹属和糯米团属药用植物资源23种,其中,海桐花属18种,茴芹属4种,糯米团属1种,作为贵州民族习惯用药,部分种类具有镇静、安神、补虚弱和降血压等功效,部分种类可用于治疗神经衰弱、失眠多梦、体虚遗精和高血压等症。

羊红膻根的化学成分研究

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