Epidemiological studies have suggested that inhalation exposure to indoor ambient air from coal-burning environments is causally associated with respiratory health risks.In order to explore the toxicological mechanism...Epidemiological studies have suggested that inhalation exposure to indoor ambient air from coal-burning environments is causally associated with respiratory health risks.In order to explore the toxicological mechanisms behind the adverse health effects,the hemolytic activity of PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 um or less)samples collected from homes burning coal in the recognized China"cancer village"Xuanwei were evaluated and matched against their trace elemental contents.The results demonstrated that the hemolytic activity of indoor PM_(10) in coal-burning environments ranged from 4.28%to 5.24%,with a clear positive dose-response relationship.Although low dose samples exhibited a reduced hemolytic activity,PM_(10) could have a toxic effect upon people in a coal-burning indoor environment for extended time periods.The concentrations of analyzed trace elements in PM_(10) samples ranged from 6966 to 12,958 ppm.Among the analyzed elements,Zn,Ti,Ni,Cu,Pb,Ba,Mn,Cr and V were found at higher concentrations and accounted for over 95%of the total elements.The concentrations of total analyzed elements in the PM_(10) samples revealed a significant positive correlation with PM_(10) hemolytic activity.Of the analyzed elements,Zn,Pb and Cs positively correlated with hemolysis,while Li,U and V negatively correlated with the hemolysis of human red blood cells(RBCs).Therefore,the heavy metal elements could be one of the main factors responsible for the hemolytic capacity of indoor PM_(10) in coal-burning environments.展开更多
Despite international efforts to limit worker exposure to coal dust,it continues to impact the health of thousands of miners across Europe.Airborne coal dust has been studied to improve risk models and its control to ...Despite international efforts to limit worker exposure to coal dust,it continues to impact the health of thousands of miners across Europe.Airborne coal dust has been studied to improve risk models and its control to protect workers.Particle size distribution analyses shows that using spraying systems to suppress airborne dusts can reduce particulate matter concentrations and that coals with higher ash yields produce finer dust.There are marked chemical differences between parent coals and relatively coarse deposited dusts(up to _(500)μm,DD_(500)).Enrichments in Ca,K,Ba,Se,Pb,Cr,Mo,Ni and especially As,Sn,Cu,Zn and Sb in the finest respirable dust fractions could originate from:(i)mechanical machinery wear;(ii)variations in coal mineralogy;(iii)coal fly ash used in shotcrete,and carbonates used to reduce the risk of explosions.Unusual enrichments in Ca in mine dusts are attributed to the use of such concrete,and elevated K to raised levels of phyllosilicate mineral matter.Sulphur concentrations are higher in the parent coal than in the DD_(500),probably due to relatively lower levels of organic matter.Mass concentrations of all elements observed in this study remained below occupational exposure limits.展开更多
Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In ...Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI > 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 < AQI < 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.42075107 and 41572090)the Yueqi Scholar fund of China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)。
文摘Epidemiological studies have suggested that inhalation exposure to indoor ambient air from coal-burning environments is causally associated with respiratory health risks.In order to explore the toxicological mechanisms behind the adverse health effects,the hemolytic activity of PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 um or less)samples collected from homes burning coal in the recognized China"cancer village"Xuanwei were evaluated and matched against their trace elemental contents.The results demonstrated that the hemolytic activity of indoor PM_(10) in coal-burning environments ranged from 4.28%to 5.24%,with a clear positive dose-response relationship.Although low dose samples exhibited a reduced hemolytic activity,PM_(10) could have a toxic effect upon people in a coal-burning indoor environment for extended time periods.The concentrations of analyzed trace elements in PM_(10) samples ranged from 6966 to 12,958 ppm.Among the analyzed elements,Zn,Ti,Ni,Cu,Pb,Ba,Mn,Cr and V were found at higher concentrations and accounted for over 95%of the total elements.The concentrations of total analyzed elements in the PM_(10) samples revealed a significant positive correlation with PM_(10) hemolytic activity.Of the analyzed elements,Zn,Pb and Cs positively correlated with hemolysis,while Li,U and V negatively correlated with the hemolysis of human red blood cells(RBCs).Therefore,the heavy metal elements could be one of the main factors responsible for the hemolytic capacity of indoor PM_(10) in coal-burning environments.
基金European Commission Research Fund for Coal and Steel(Grant Agreement Number–754205)Generalitat de Catalunya(SGR41).Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa—Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Project CEX2018-000794-S).
文摘Despite international efforts to limit worker exposure to coal dust,it continues to impact the health of thousands of miners across Europe.Airborne coal dust has been studied to improve risk models and its control to protect workers.Particle size distribution analyses shows that using spraying systems to suppress airborne dusts can reduce particulate matter concentrations and that coals with higher ash yields produce finer dust.There are marked chemical differences between parent coals and relatively coarse deposited dusts(up to _(500)μm,DD_(500)).Enrichments in Ca,K,Ba,Se,Pb,Cr,Mo,Ni and especially As,Sn,Cu,Zn and Sb in the finest respirable dust fractions could originate from:(i)mechanical machinery wear;(ii)variations in coal mineralogy;(iii)coal fly ash used in shotcrete,and carbonates used to reduce the risk of explosions.Unusual enrichments in Ca in mine dusts are attributed to the use of such concrete,and elevated K to raised levels of phyllosilicate mineral matter.Sulphur concentrations are higher in the parent coal than in the DD_(500),probably due to relatively lower levels of organic matter.Mass concentrations of all elements observed in this study remained below occupational exposure limits.
基金Under the auspices of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0212303,2017YFC0212304,2017YFC0212301)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC045)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2017275)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41775116,41771071,41575129)
文摘Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI > 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 < AQI < 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in winter and autumn is urgently needed to address the haze problem in Northeast China.
