Dietary supplementation with pioglitazone hydrochloride and L-carnosine improves the growth performance,muscle fatty acid profiles and shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary pioglitazone hydrochloride(PGZ)and L-carnosine(LC)supplementation on the growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant status,and meat shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens.Five hundred broiler chickens were randomly assigned into 4 experimental diets using a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 2 PGZ supplemental levels(0 and 15 mg/kg)and 2 LC supplemental levels(0 and 400 mg/kg)in basal diets for 28 d.The feed-to-gain ratio decreased whereas the average daily gain increased with PGZ supplementation.Greater dressing per-centages,contents of intramuscular fat(IMF)in breast and thigh muscles,C18:3n-6,C18:1n-9 and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)percentages of thigh muscle were observed with PGZ addition.Additionally,significant synergistic effects between PGZ and LC on the C18:1n-9 and MUFA contents were found.Supplementation with LC decreased drip loss,cooking loss and total volatile basic nitrogen,and increased the redness(a*)value,the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in thigh muscles.Moreover,the malondialdehyde content decreased when diets were supplemented with LC,and there was a synergistic effect between PGZ and LC.Additionally,the mRNA abundance of lipogenesis-related genes,such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y(PPARγ),PPARγco-activator 1αand fatty acid-binding protein 3,increased with PGZ supplementation,and relevant anti-oxidation genes,such as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and superoxide dismutase 1,were enhanced with LC supplementation.In conclusion,the results indicated that the supplementation of PGZ and LC could improve the growth performance,antioxidant ability,IMF content,and meat shelf life of yellow-feathered broiler chickens.

Enantiomers separation using avidin-liposome complex as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis

Avidin-liposome complex is a specific chiral selector used to separate the enantiomers of D,L-tryptophan,D,L-phenylthiohydantoin -serine（D,L-PTH-Ser）,D,L-phenylthiohydantoin-threonine（D,L-PTH-Thr） and R,S-pioglitazone hydrochloride in capillary electrochromatography（CEC）.The avidin is immobilized on the phospholipids coated in the capillary.The liposome used for the phospholipid coating contains l,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-（Cap biotinyl）（sodium salt） （Biotinyl-cap-DPPE）（16：0） and different proportions of L-α-phosphatidylserine（PS） in Tris（hydroxymethyl） aminomethane （Tris） buffer at pH 7.4.A good resolution and reproducibility was obtained by coating the capillary with Biotinyl-cap-DPPE/PS （80：20,mol%） followed by immobilization of 1 mg/mL of avidin solution in N-（2-hydroxyethyl） piperazine-N＇-（2-ethanesulfonic acid） （HEPES） buffer at pH 7.4.A comparative study of chiral separation efficiency with different capillary coating methods and preconditioning conditions was conducted.Finally,the electrochromatographic method was successfully used to separate enantiomers of pioglitazone hydrochloride.Therefore,coated CEC will be a promising tool for pharmaceutical enantiomers separation in new drug development.