A Frost Heaving Prediction Approach for Ground Uplift Simulation Due to Freeze-Sealing Pipe Roof Method

Freeze-sealing pipe roof method is applied in the Gongbei tunnel,which causes the ground surface uplift induced by frost heave.A frost heaving prediction approach based on the coefficient of cold expansion is proposed to simulate the ground deformation of the Gongbei tunnel.The coefficient of cold expansion in the model and the frost heaving rate from the frost heave test under the hydration condition can achieve a good correspondence making the calculation result closer to the actual engineering.The ground surface uplift along the lateral and longitudinal direction are respectively analyzed and compared with the field measured data to validate the model.The results show that a good agreement between the frost heaving prediction model and the field measured data verifies the rationality and applicability of the proposed model.The maximum uplift of the Gongbei tunnel appears at the center of the model,gradually decreasing along with the lateral and longitudinal directions.The curve in the lateral direction presents a normal distribution due to the influence of the constraint of two sides,while the one along the lateral direction shapes like a parabola with the opening downward due to the temperature field distribution.The model provides a reference for frost heaving engineering calculation.

Analysis of mechanical behaviors of big pipe roof for shallow buried large-span tunnel

A series of researches on mechanical behaviors of big pipe roof for shallow large-span loess tunnel were carried out based on the Wenxiang tunnel in Zhengzhou—Xi'an Special Passenger Railway. The longitudinal deformations of the pipe roofs were monitored and the mechanical behaviors of the pipe roofs were analyzed at the test section. A new double-parameter elastic foundation beam model for pipe roof in shallow tunnels was put forward in Wenxiang tunnel. The measured values and the calculation results agreed well with each other,revealing the force-deformation law of big pipe roof in loess tunnel:At about 15 m in front of the excavating face,the pipe roof starts to bear the load;at about 15 m behind the excavating face,the force of the pipe roof tends to be stabilized;the longitudinal deformation of the whole pipe roofs is groove-shaped distribution,and the largest force of pipe roofs is at the excavating face. Simultaneously,the results also indicate that mechanical behaviors of pipe roof closely relate to the location of the excavation face,the footage of the tunnelling cycle and the mechanics parameters of pipe roof and rock. The conclusions can be reference for the design parameter optimization and the construction scheme selection of pipe roofs,and have been verified by the result of numerical analysis software FLAC3Dand deformation monitoring.

冷却塔-内嵌管式相变屋面复合降温系统的性能研究

为提高相变屋面的性能,本文提出了一种冷却塔-内嵌管式相变屋面复合降温系统。基于焓法,建立了系统的数值计算传热模型,数值研究了该系统在福州地区的热性能及节能潜力,探讨了相变材料相变温度、相变材料导热系数以及内嵌管间距的影响,并与传统的无内嵌管相变屋面进行了对比分析。研究发现,相变温度越高,复合降温系统的相变材料越容易完成凝固,但潜热利用率随相变温度的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势。当相变温度由35℃升高到41℃时,屋面的累计冷负荷由383 k J/m^(2)增大到400 k J/m^(2),增加了4.4%。相变材料导热系数越高、内嵌管间距越小,复合降温系统相比于传统无内嵌管相变屋面的潜热利用优势越显著。当导热系数由0.2 W/(m·K)增加到0.8 W/(m·K)时,复合降温系统的潜热利用率和屋面累计冷负荷分别增加了36.3%和5.1%,而无内嵌管相变屋面的潜热利用率和屋面累计冷负荷分别升高了33.1%和6.3%。当内嵌管间距由500 mm减少到100 mm时,复合降温系统比传统无内嵌管相变屋面的潜热利用提高率由2.7%增大到16.3%,累计冷负荷降低率由3.8%升高到10.9%。研究结果可促进建筑节能和双碳目标的实现。

Analytical approach and field monitoring for mechanical behaviors of pipe roof reinforcement

Considering the delay effect of initial lining and revising the Winkler elastic foundation model,an analytical approach based on Pasternak elastic foundation beam theory for pipe roof reinforcement was put forward. With the example of a certain tunnel excavation,the comparison of the values of longitudinal strain of reinforcing pipe between field monitoring and analytical approach was made. The results indicate that Pasternak model,which considers a more realistic hypothesis in the elastic soil than Winkler model,gives more accurate calculation and agrees better with the result of field monitoring. The difference of calculation results between these two models is about 7%,and Pasternak model is proved to be a better way to study the reinforcement mechanism and improve design practice. The calculation results also reveal that the reinforcing pipes act as levers,which increases longitudinal load transfer to an unexcavated area,and consequently decreases deformation and increases face stability.

Effect of Application of Pipe Roof Method by Using Pipe Jacking on Behavior of Surrounding Soil

Tunnels in an urban area, in many cases, are constructed in soft ground which contains underground water, near existing facilities and structures. Structural stability for the tunnel and also the nearby structures and facilities is vital in this kind of work. Slurry pipe jacking was firmly established as a special method for the non-disruptive construction of underground pipelines of sewage systems. This method utilizes mud slurry that is formed around the pipes in order to stabilize the surrounding soil. In the pipe roof method the tubing elements that are constructed by slurry pipe jacking are near each other longitudinally, and create a rigid and stable lining before the excavation of the main tunnel. This paper discusses ＇the application of a slurry pipe jacking system on ＇the pipe roof method by means of numerical analysis. Because of the rigid behavior of the lining, the results show little subsidence, making this method a reliable method of constructing large tunnels with small cover in an urban area.

Mathematical Model of Steady State Operation in Jet Pipe Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valve

Jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve is the heart of feedback control systems,and it is one of the mechatronic components used for precision flow control application.It consists of several precision and ddicate components.The performance of the jet pipe servo valve depends on many parameters.During the developmental stage,it is very difficult to ascertain the function parameters.The steady-state analysis of jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve has been made to simulate its fluid characteristics （flowin,flow-out,leakage flow,recovery or load pressure,etc.） by mathematical modeling.Theoretical model was conducted on various affecting parameters on the pressure,the main flow rate of fluid,or leakage flow through the receiver holes.The major parameters studied are jet pipe nozzle diameters,receiver hole diameters,angle between the two centre-lines of receiver hole,nozzle offset,and nozzle stand-of distance.In this paper the research is important to determine and optimize the structural parameters of jet pipe servo valve.Thus,equations of the pressure and flow characteristics are set up and the optimal structural parameters of jet pipe are established.

A Hybrid Regional Model for Predicting Ground Deformation Induced by Large-Section Tunnel Excavation

Due to the large number of finite element mesh generated,it is difficult to use full-scale model to simulate largesection underground engineering,especially considering the coupling effect.A regional model is attempted to achieve this simulation.A variable boundary condition method for hybrid regional model is proposed to realize the numerical simulation of large-section tunnel construction.Accordingly,the balance of initial ground stress under asymmetric boundary conditions achieves by applying boundary conditions step by step with secondary development ofDynaflowscripts,which is the key issue of variable boundary conditionmethod implementation.In this paper,Gongbei tunnel based on hybrid regional model involvingmulti-field coupling is simulated.Meanwhile,the variable boundary condition method for regional model is verified against model initialization and the ground deformation due to tunnel excavation is predicted via the proposed hybrid regional model.Compared with the monitoring data of actual engineering,the results indicated that the hybrid regional model has a good prediction effect.

A 3D sliced-soil-beam model for settlement prediction of tunnelling using the pipe roofing method in soft ground

The pipe roofing method is widely used in tunnel construction because it can realize a flexible section shape and a large section area of the tunnel,especially under good ground conditions.However,the pipe roofing method has rarely been applied in soft ground,where the prediction and control of the ground settlement play important roles.This study proposes a sliced-soil-beam(SSB)model to predict the settlement of ground due to tunnelling using the pipe roofing method in soft ground.The model comprises a sliced-soil module based on the virtual work principle and a beam module based on structural mechanics.As part of this work,the Peck formula was modified for a square-section tunnel and adopted to construct a deformation mechanism of soft ground.The pipe roofing system was simplified to a threedimensional Winkler beam to consider the interaction between the soil and pipe roofing.The model was verified in a case study conducted in Shanghai,China,in which it provided the efficient and accurate prediction of settlement.Finally,the parameters affecting the ground settlement were analyzed.It was clarified that the stiffness of the excavated soil and the steel support are the key factors in reducing ground settlement.

上跨既有线联络通道的管幕结构施工方案比选研究--以福州滨海快线火车站管幕结构施工为例

依托福州滨海快线火车站与换乘枢纽联络通道工程,提出上跨既有线管幕结构施工的分步填充砂浆方案(即方案A)和一次性填充砂浆方案(即方案B)。在ABAQUS数值分析平台上对管幕结构施工全过程展开数值模拟,重点关注既有线竖向位移和收敛及地表沉降变化规律。分析结果表明:方案A引起既有线竖向位移呈逐渐沉降趋势,方案B则呈先上浮后沉降趋势,但两套方案引起的既有线最终竖向位移大致相同;方案A和方案B引起的最终地表沉降分布规律大致相同,都呈现不规则沉降槽状,最大值位于“口”字型管幕左侧轴线处,且方案B略小于方案A。从既有线影响及施工效率等方面考量,现场采取方案B进行管幕结构施工;同时对既有线竖向位移及地表沉降展开现场监测,其量值及发展规律与数值模拟大致相同。以上研究成果可为类似管幕结构施工提供借鉴参考。

隧道管棚支护承载特性及支护参数试验研究

为探究隧道管棚注浆钢管不同支护参数对管棚支护承载能力的影响,引入Pasternak双参数模型构建出更符合实际情况的管棚支护力学模型,通过多组室内试验,对管棚在不同注浆钢管管径、壁厚、注浆饱满度及加设钢筋笼条件下的承载能力进行定量研究。研究表明:1)管棚注浆钢管支护参数中,对管棚承载能力的影响排序为:管径>注浆饱满度>壁厚>钢筋笼。2)增大管棚注浆钢管管径可大幅提高管棚的承载能力,相比管径为108 mm的管棚,管径为159、219、299 mm时管棚承载能力分别增大183.58%、398.62%、874.86%。3)管棚钢管注浆不饱满会较大程度削弱管棚的承载能力,钢管注浆饱满度由100%降至75%、50%时,管棚承载能力分别降低29.8%、34.5%,注浆饱满度为50%时管棚的承载能力与未注浆时相差不大。4)管棚钢管壁厚和钢筋笼加设与否对管棚的承载能力影响较小。因此,在实际工程中,可通过增大管棚钢管管径提升管棚的承载能力,通过减小管棚钢管壁厚及不加设钢筋笼节约用钢量。

托顶煤巷道易片冒顶板变形机理与超前导管预注浆控制技术研究

目的 为探究厚煤层易片冒区域托顶煤巷道顶板变形破坏机理,并对易片冒区托顶煤巷道顶板进行有效控制,方法 以常村煤矿2701工作面皮带运输巷为例,通过等截面梁理论分析托顶煤巷道顶板破断成因,研究托顶煤巷道顶板的稳定性与巷道宽度和顶煤强度的关系。通过极限平衡准则得到巷帮位移的计算公式,证明托顶煤巷道具有帮顶协同变形机制。建立托顶煤巷道数值模型,研究巷道埋深、侧压系数、顶煤厚度和顶煤强度与托顶煤巷道围岩稳定性的关系。结果 结果表明:巷道埋深越大,其对托顶煤巷道两帮稳定性的影响越大;侧压系数的增加对巷道两帮和底鼓量的影响更大,对顶板影响较小;顶板下沉量与顶煤厚度呈正相关,底鼓量则与顶煤厚度呈负相关;顶煤强度的增加使巷道顶板下沉量与两帮移近量均近似呈线性减小趋势,底鼓量基本保持不变。结论 通过幂律型流体柱形渗透注浆扩散理论得到超前导管注浆半径,由此提出托顶煤巷道超前导管预注浆帮顶联合控制技术,成功控制易片冒托顶煤巷道顶板冒落问题,可为类似地质条件的托顶煤巷道顶板控制提供借鉴。

异形加强冻结管外壁保温对管幕冻结效果影响试验研究

新型管幕冻结法冻结系统由充填混凝土的实顶管内布置圆形主力冻结管和限位管、未充填混凝土的空顶管内布置异形加强冻结管组成。为分析该新型管幕冻结系统中空顶管周围的冻结效果,通过拱北隧道管幕冻结现场原型试验,对空顶管中异形加强冻结管是否采取外表面保温措施展开研究,利用冻土帷幕厚度的变化对异形加强冻结管保温措施与不保温状态进行冻结效果对比分析。结果表明:异形加强冻结管保温不利于冻土帷幕的形成,随着冻结时间推移,冻土帷幕的发展会越来越慢;协同冻结模式下60 d后保温与不保温的冻土厚度之差约为冻结20 d的2倍。可以把空顶管作为“大冻结管”来考虑,利用异形加强冻结管对空顶管内部整体降温,更有利于顶管周围冻土帷幕的发展。

超大型“管幕-箱涵”顶进施工土体变形的分析与预测

结合上海市中环线北虹路下立交地道工程采用“管幕-箱涵”顶进的非开挖施工全过程,分别应用ANSYS和FLAC三维数值分析程序,对顶进施工所引起的地表变形位移进行了全过程的动态仿真模拟,并采用弹性地基梁法和室内模拟试验以及现场实测数据比拟法,对地表变形特征进行了系统地研究,最后应用软科学的智能方法,对“管幕-箱涵”顶进非开挖工法所引起的地表变形位移进行了人工神经网络滚动预测。其研究成果已经提交施工部门参考和采用。

管幕和横梁作用下大断面开挖变形响应研究

基于管幕与横梁作用下大断面开挖相似模型试验,研究开挖引起的管幕变形和地表沉降变化规律.为充分研究参数变化对管幕变形和地表沉降的影响,运用有限元软件建立三维数值模型,以此模型为依据,分析管幕抗弯刚度和横梁抗弯刚度对管幕变形和地表沉降的影响,并根据模糊数学理论对最优刚度匹配进行研究.研究结果表明:管幕结构整体变形类似于“板”,且关于中间管幕对称,管幕跨中断面地表沉降呈“凹槽”型,符合Peck曲线分布;管幕变形和地表沉降均与横梁刚度和管幕刚度呈指数函数关系,且对横梁刚度变化更为敏感;管幕刚度与横梁刚度分别为0.5D和2K时,可以兼顾安全性与经济性.

管幕-箱涵下穿运营铁路线地层变形分析及控制技术

基于管幕-箱涵顶进工法施工的数值仿真模型,对涵洞斜穿铁路线施工过程中的地层变形规律进行分析,提出采用"有线仪器导向,一次性跟管钻进法"技术和控制箱涵顶进轴线位置、顶进速度和顶进力等地层沉降控制措施,并对箱涵顶进过程中的地层沉降进行现场监测.结果表明:管棚的沉降主要发生在开挖面前段10m范围内;管幕-箱涵施工过程中地层变形主要是由管棚和箱涵对土体的挤压扰动引起的;本文提出的地层沉降控制措施可将沉降控制在15mm以内.

支护-结构一体化管幕预筑法地铁车站优化分析

基于有限差分软件FLAC^(3D),以沈阳地铁2号线新乐遗址站为依托,以管幕预筑地铁车站结构周边地层沉降值为参考,探讨了地下工程支护-结构一体化管幕预筑法地铁车站优化分析。研究表明,钢管净距的增加、除去内侧钢管,或在大直径钢管内不绑扎钢筋,直接采用素混凝土,车站周边上方土层的沉降值相差不大。

拱北隧道“钢管-冻土”复合结构承载力试验研究

管幕冻结法作为一种新型的隧道预支护工法,目前已被应用于港珠澳大桥珠海连接线拱北隧道施工中。管幕冻结法是利用顶管技术在隧道四周顶入大直径顶管,并利用冻结法将顶管之间的土体冻结起来,形成水密性的预支护结构。为了研究钢管-冻土复合结构在确保封水时的极限承载力和变形能力,以探求合理冻土温度,采用冻土单轴压缩试验机,对4种不同冻土温度进行钢管-冻土复合结构模型试验,并提出了封水条件下的极限状态判据,通过分析荷载-位移曲线,得到复合结构在封水条件下的极限承载力和变形能力。试验结果表明：温度较高时,冻土协调变形能力较好,但由于冻土本身强度较低,复合结构在封水条件下的极限承载力和变形能力较差;类似地,冻土温度较低时,强度较大,但由于冻土跟随钢管协调变形能力较差,在封水条件下的极限承载力和变形能力也较差;当温度适中时,冻土跟随钢管协调变形能力和冻土本身强度均处于相对理想状态,此时复合结构在封水条件下的极限承载力和变形能力相对较强,即在确保封水性能时所能承受变形的能力和极限荷载均较大。试验研究确定了该理想温度约为-10℃,该温度在拱北隧道管幕冻结实际施工中被采用,对类似工程施工具有一定的参考价值。

预应力倒三角管桁架钢屋盖滑移施工技术

广交会展馆四期展馆扩建工程地处城市核心区,环境复杂,铁、隧、馆多重结构交互。工程体量大,结构复杂,施工难度大,总工期仅644d,在同类工程中工期最短,工期履约压力大。其中展厅屋盖钢结构为预应力倒三角管桁架结构,钢构体量大。针对此屋盖钢结构特点、难点,从缩短工期、高效建造方面开展研究,创新提出超长大跨度钢桁架分段等节奏滑移施工技术,即展馆两侧附属混凝土结构先行施工,提供滑移支撑体系,屋盖钢结构滑移与展厅下部2层主体混凝土结构同步施工,实现了展厅屋盖钢结构提前插入安装,各专业平面、立面穿插施工,缩短了关键线路工期;研发了基于装配式、自稳定高空平台的大跨度钢桁架拼装技术,实现超长大跨度重型钢桁架分单元快速拼装;针对主体结构作为滑移支撑体系两侧异标高的特点,设计双向滑移轨道,并研制滚针式滑靴及动力系统,确保滑移安全稳定;应用倒三角预应力钢绞线快速穿束和张拉技术,解决了超长预应力筋穿束张拉与高空滑移技术难题;液压同步控制系统与智能施工监测确保了大跨超重钢桁架屋盖滑移的应力、应变可控,按方案模拟过程平稳进行。

大管棚配合水平旋喷桩支护在细砂-卵砾石土互层隧道中的应用

依托在建国道317线岗托隧道工程,结合细砂-卵砾石土互层围岩的特点,对双层小导管支护、大管棚支护、水平旋喷支护、大管棚配合水平旋喷支护4种支护方案进行了分析,比选出大管棚配合水平旋喷支护为较优方案,并对其支护效果进行了现场测试。结果表明:施工中拱顶处卵砾石土层断裂,细砂下漏导致隧道发生漏砂、坍塌、冒顶等事故,施工中应加强对地表处理、掌子面反压回填等4个关键工序的控制。经现场测试,大管棚配合水平旋喷形成的壳支护能够承受上方土体和交通荷载,并能有效阻止漏砂。

强震作用下支护-结构一体化管幕预制法地铁车站地震响应研究

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