Optimum municipal wastewater treatment plant design with consideration of uncertainty

A newly developed model for the optimum municipal wastewater treatment plant(MWTP) design is presented. Through introducing the interval variables, the model attempts to consider the effects of uncertainties caused by the fluctuation of the wastewater quality and quantity during the design of MWTP. The model solution procedure is illustrated in detail, and a numerical example is given to verify the feasibility and advantage of the model. Furthermore, the possibility of the model application is briefly outlined.

Plant Landscape Design of Residential Court

Courtyard is a signifi cant component of architectural design because it is an important living place that plays a positive role in improving the living environment. This paper reviewed basic principles of small courtyard landscape design, and analyzed the way of integrating plants and other landscape elements in small courtyards.

INTERFERENCE CHECKING IN COMPUTER-AIDED PLANT DESIGN SYSTEM

In this paper, the interference checking of three-dimensional objects within a plant is discussed and accomplished, which offers an automated solution to the design problems inherent in multi-user, multi-model environments. Also, the collision detection among moving objects is presented and discussed, and some new ideas are proposed. These methods are successfully applied in our Plant Design System (PDS) and are proven to be very practical and efficient.

Analysis of Courtyard Plant Landscape Design

Plant landscaping in courtyard design was studied from four perspectives of building, water, road, garden setting and plant landscaping. Landscape designs in Guangzhou Baiyun Hotel, the Humble Administrator's Garden (Suzhou), and bamboo pathway of Small Yingzhou in the West Lake (Hangzhou) to improve scientific and artistic properties of plant landscaping, and develop economic, social and ecological effects of garden green spaces to the most.

Urban Garden Planning and Design and Ornamental Plant Protection

Due to the rapid economic and social development, the quality of life of people has been significantly improved, and people's demand for living environment has become increasingly high, which has increased people's awareness of landscaping. Because of the development of urbanization, however, most cities have lost their balance in the ecological environment although they seem to have the modern flavor of life. Integrating garden design with plant protection is an important measure to protect the ecological environment and maintain ecological balance. How to protect the plants in urban garden planning and design has become a problem to be solved by garden designers. In this paper, the relationship between garden design and plant protection was elaborated, the status quo and problems of ornamental plant protection were analyzed, and measures to protect ornamental plants were proposed.

Plant Landscape Design in River Renovation Based on Site Characte-ristics——A Case Study of Plant Landscape Design in Renovation of Longwanggang River

Plant landscape design in the renovation of Longwanggang River was taken for example to elaborate that plant landscape designs based on site characteristics are mainly demonstrated as "respecting original landforms, considering original plant species, communities and landscapes, exploring proper indigenous plant species". Plant landscapes of Longwanggang River were oriented as riverfront landscape belt with multiple textures, urban portal and ecological corridor, aiming at returning to the nature, integrating environmental resources, achieving large scales and multiple forms. Considering properties of the neighboring plots, functional areas are divided according to different community types and eco-community structure of the plant landscapes, so as to form landscape nodes, highlight overall plant landscape effects, regional characteristics and low maintenance cost.

Design and Comparison of Wastewater Treatment Plant Types (Activated Sludge and Membrane Bioreactor), Using GPS-X Simulation Program: Case Study of Tikrit WWTP (Middle Iraq)

Mathematical models and simulation are considered a powerful tool in engineering practice. Those tools are becoming increasingly used for the improvement of wastewater treatment plants design because the conceptual design is complex and ill-defined. In this paper, three alternatives: 1) complete mix activated sludge without nitrogen removal (CAS);2) complete mix activated sludge with nitrogen removal (CAS-N) and;3) membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes were designed into two steps: first concept design to calculate the size of process units, then second implement modeling and simulation to improve the accuracy of the conceptual design. In brief, the treatment process design has been verified by using the activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1) in GPS-X (v.7) simulation software. This application helps not only in sizing the treatment units but also in understanding the plant’s capacity. In the same time, it can assist in studying the future expansion works required for increased hydraulic and organic loadings. For this purpose, Tikrit WWTP was selected as a case study. The used model was validated by comparing the designed values of the plant and the modeling data. The verification of the obtained results from both hand calculations and the results of the program showed a good agreement. A significant difference in the volume of secondary treatment was obtained from design calculations, where the CAS without denitrification system was 9244 m3 (aerobic and secondary tanks), CAS with denitrification system was 11,324 m3 (anoxic, aerobic and secondary tanks) and for MBR system was 7468 m3 (anoxic, aerobic and immersed membrane tanks). From the obtained results point of view, it can be concluded that mathematical models can be considered as worthy tools to complement the established wastewater treatment plant design procedures.

H_∞ control design for unstable plants

For the control of unstable plants,it is required that the Nyquist locus of the system should encircle anticlockwise the point-1+j0,and the performance weighting function must be selected based on the specific requirement of the mid-frequency gain. Besides,the performance limitation imposed by the Bode's integral also must be considered. Therefore the H∞ design for unstable plants is different from that in the regular case. It is pointed out that the sensitivity function for unstable plants must remain constant over the mid-frequency range to ensure a robust design. The selection of weighting functions to meet these requirements in the H∞ design is discussed in detail in the paper. A mixed sensitivity H∞ design example is also given to demonstrate the special considerations of the design.

Optimization and Innovation of Engineering Design for Ninghai Power Plant

In order to build a power plant with high efficiency,low investment and zero warm water discharge,a series of innovations are applied to the two 1 000-MW units of Ninghai Power Plant.The new technologies include the closed-circuit system for seawater cooling tower with a spraying area of 13 000 m2,the main buildings with reinforced concrete structure,the plasma ignition system for tower boiler and the fieldbus control system.Optimization measures are taken in some aspects,such as the open point of the turbine overload valves,the boiler dimensions,the technical process,the electric system,the building structures and the layout of the power plant.The units have been running for more than half a year with the thermal efficiency as high as 45.79% and without warm water discharged,which indicates that all the systems are safe and steady and the original purpose of optimization has been realized.

Study on Site Specific Design Earthquake Ground Motion of Nuclear Power Plants in China

The main technical backgrounds and requirements are introduced with regard to earthquake ground motion design parameters in several domestic and American standards,codes and guides involved in the seismic analysis and design activities of nuclear power plants in China.Based on the research results from site seismic safety evaluation of domestic nuclear power plant projects in the last years,characteristics and differences of site specific design spectra are analyzed in comparison with standard response spectra,and the suitability of standard response spectra for domestic nuclear power plant projects is discussed.

Special Space and Plant Landscape Design of Urban Ecological Buildings

This paper mainly discusses the application of plant landscape design in special space of ecological buildings. From the concept of special space of ecological buildings,it elaborates social benefits and ecological benefits of greening projects in special space. It introduces the classification method for special space of ecological building with habitat as the major part combining characteristics of building form. On the basis of such classification,it discusses green design method and plant selection principle,to provide certain reference for garden designers in green design of ecological buildings.

Preliminary design for inland nuclear power plants completed

The State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation (SNPTC), which is responsible for the development of third-generation nuclear power technology in China, has completed the preliminary designs

The application of plant dyeing technology in the full dress design

The plant dyeing technology has a history of thousands of years in China, its brilliant color with natural material, it can be an effect that chemical dyes can't be. This technology should be widely studied and applied. This paper provides perfect introduction to the practical design works; it seeks more expression of plant dyeing through the tentative application of plant dyeing technology in the full dress design and with the combination of traditional dyeing skills and modern design, it will also provides a new thought for the diversification and innovation of design.

Plant Landscape Design Language of Small Street Parks in Tropical Coastal Regions:A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Small urban street parks play an irreplaceable role in protecting ecological environment of cities and beautifying living spaces of citizens, in these parks plant is an essential landscaping element that can not only improve environmental quality, but also provide visual enjoyment for viewers. There are many small street parks in Zhanjiang City, however, plant landscapes in such parks lack in regional characteristics because of blind copy and random planting. By analyzing plant landscapes in typical street parks in Zhanjiang, and borrowing the theoretical research framework of linguistics, this paper concluded the vocabulary, sentence,chapter and grammatical rules of plant landscape design, in order to explore new methods for the plant landscape design of small parks in tropical coastal regions.

Design and Construction of the Power Plant Multi-flue Chimneys in East China Area

This paper mainly introduces the designand construction of the multi-flue chimneysof Beilungang Power Plant, ShidongkouSecond Power Plant and Waigaoqiao PowerPlant which have been used in East Chinaarea. This paper contains the generalsituation of construction, material selection,lifting scheme of steel inner flue, designfeatures and construction method. It could bereferential to concerned design andconstruction companies.

集成化设计中SmartPlant 3D与CAESARⅡ的工作流整合

SmartPlant 3D是新一代的工厂设计软件,而CAESARⅡ是压力管道应力分析专业软件。文章基于建设数字化工厂的集成化设计理念,利用SmartPlant 3D生成的管道组件数据文件和CAESARⅡ创建的管道关系数据库文件,定制开发符合工程设计需要的数据流格式,探索了如何建立SmartPlant 3D与CAESARⅡ的数据双向传递;优化专业间工作流程,实现集成化设计的目标。并对相关细节进行了探讨。