Host plant traits play a crucial role in shaping the composition of epiphytic microbiota in the arid desert,Northwest China

Phyllosphere microorganisms are a crucial component of environmental microorganisms,highly influenced by host characteristics,and play a significant role in plant health and productivity.Nonetheless,the impact of host characteristics on shaping phyllosphere microbial communities of plants with different life forms remains ambiguous.Utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology,this study analyzed the diversity and community composition of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms(e.g.,bacteria and fungi)of various plant life forms in the hinterland of the Gurbantunggut Desert,Northwest China.Functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa(FAPROTAX)and fungi function guild(FUNGuild)were employed to assess the ecological functions of microorganisms and to investigate the role of stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping phyllosphere microbial communities.Result showed a diverse array of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms in the desert plants,with Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Actinobacteriota dominating bacterial community,while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were prevalent in fungal community.Comparison across different plant life forms highlighted distinct microbial communities,indicating strong filtering effects by plant characteristics.FAPROTAX prediction identified intracellular parasites(accounting for 27.44%of bacterial community abundance),chemoheterotrophy(10.12%),and phototrophy(17.41%)as the main functions of epiphytic bacteria on leaves of different life form plants.FUNGuild prediction indicated that phyllosphere epiphytic fungi primarily served as Saprotrophs(81.77%),Pathotrophs(17.41%),and Symbiotrophs(0.82%).Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated a predominance of positive correlations among different microbial taxa.Raup-Crick dissimilarity index analysis revealed that deterministic processes predominantly influenced phyllosphere bacterial and fungal community assembly.Variance partitioning analysis and random forest modeling suggested that plant leaf functional traits significantly impacted both bacterial and fungal community composition,with fungal community composition showing a closer association with leaf nutrients and physiology compared with bacterial community composition.The distinct responses of bacterial and fungal communities to plant traits were attributed to the differing properties of bacteria and fungi,such as bacteria having higher potential dispersal rates and broader ecological niches than fungi.Overall,the results indicate that phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities undergo similar community assembly processes,with fungi being more influenced by plant characteristics than bacteria.These findings offer novel insights into the ecology of phyllosphere microbial communities of desert plants.

Variations of plant life form diversity along the Northeast China Transect and its direct gradient analysis

Plant life form diversity and its direct gradient analysis on a larger scale climate change gradient were tested, based on the data from Northeast China Transect platform. The results showed that the species numbers, life form richness and life form diversity were relative higher at the eastern forests and the ecotone between typical vegetation, while those on the meadow grasslands and typical steppes were lower. Although plant life forms can reflect the climate variations, life form diversity is not consistent with the major global gradient along the NECT.

On the Construction of Plant Landscape Form in Urban Landscape Architecture

Design of plant landscape form is a critical part of plant landscaping, and it is an important direction of modern researches on urban plant landscaping to promote the development of plant landscape via the interaction between landscape form design and other means. By elaborating five major influence factors of landscape plants, namely "flexibility", "art", "subject", "mode", and "artistic conception", this paper explored the application of construction thinking in the construction of urban plant landscape form, in order to provide theoretical basis for the development of urban plant landscape form.

Ecological biomass allocation strategies in plant species with different life forms in a cold desert, China

Biomass allocation patterns among plant species are related to their adaptive ecological strategies. Ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plant life forms represent three typical growth strategies of plants that grow in autumn and early spring in the cold deserts of China. These plants play an important role in reducing wind velocity in the desert areas. However, despite numerous studies, the strategies of biomass allocation among plant species with these three life forms remain contentious. In this study, we conducted a preliminary quadrat study during 2014–2016 in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, to investigate the allocation patterns of above-ground biomass(AGB) and below-ground biomass(BGB) at the individual level in 17 ephemeral, 3 ephemeroid and 4 annual plant species. Since ephemeral plants can germinate in autumn, we also compared biomass allocation patterns between plants that germinated in autumn 2015 and spring 2016 for 4 common ephemeral species. The healthy mature individual plants of each species were sampled and the AGB, BGB, total biomass(TB), leaf mass ratio(LMR) and root/shoot ratio(R/S) were calculated for 201 sample quadrats in the study area. We also studied the relationships between AGB and BGB of plants with the three different life forms(ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual). The mean AGB values of ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plants were 0.806, 3.759 and 1.546 g/plant, respectively, and the mean BGB values were 0.106, 4.996 and 0.166 g/plant, respectively. The mean R/S value was significantly higher in ephemeroid plants(1.675) than in ephemeral(0.154) and annual(0.147) plants. The mean LMR was the highest in annual plants, followed by ephemeroid plants and ephemeral plants, reflecting the fact that annual plants allocate more biomass to leaves, associated with their longer life span. Biomass of ephemeral plants that germinated in autumn was significantly higher than those of corresponding plants that germinated in spring in terms of AGB, BGB and TB. However, the R/S value was similar in plants that germinated in autumn and spring. The slope of regression relationship between AGB and BGB differed significantly among the three plant life forms. These results support different biomass allocation hypotheses. Specifically, at the individual level, the AGB and BGB partitioning supports the allometric hypothesis for ephemeroid and annual plants and the isometric hypothesis for ephemeral plants.

Thoughts about Plant Landscape Forms of Urban Gardens

Landscape presents nature to us in another way through artificial transformation. At the same time of rapid development,cities should attach great importance to setting of urban green landscape. Plant landscape of urban gardens is an essential part of urban green landscape. To study plant landscape of urban gardens,it is necessary to find out growth habits and characteristics of plants,and ornamental benefits of plants. Different plants can be combined together to produce different space forms and generate different aesthetic effects. Through enriching plant landscape forms of urban gardens,it is feasible to increase the interest of urban landscape.

Functional Enrichment of Utopian Distribution of Plant Life-Forms

Adaptive fuzzy neural inference systems are used to illustrate the primary nodal number of plant life-forms. Categorization of two candidate areas is carried out using the water-energy dynamic (for Ecuador, South America) and Macedonia, Southern Europe), within which the life-form spectra are distributed. Genetic optimization methods are used to expand the primary nodal number to the complete number of life-form categories. The distribution of the elements exhibits a stochastic, binomial distribution and the utopia line and curve are summarized which enhance accuracy of the climatic data and of the consequent numbers of plant species occurrences. Expansion of the distribution of each life-form category is approximated within the Z utopia hyperplane with use of the functional approximation algorithm. This process gives additional structure and informative value to the Z plane, enhancing our ability to make informed policy decisions concerning species and ecosystem conservation.

2011-2015年洞庭湖洲滩群落植物生态型、生活型和生长型组成数据集

植物群落结构与环境的关系可以通过研究植物生活型和生态型进行深入的解析,同时植物生活型是研究植物群落的发生、发展及演替规律的重要内容。中国科学院洞庭湖湿地生态系统观测研究站按中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)监测指标体系,在洞庭湖周期性水文变化情势下,对洞庭湖湿地洲滩典型植物群落类型的物种组成进行长期定位监测。通过专家对洞庭湖湿地3个典型植物群落(苔草、南荻和水蓼)的长期监测数据集进行验证,确保数据的准确性,然后进行分类处理,得到洞庭湖洲滩2011-2015年植物群落植物生活型、生长型和生态型数据集。本数据集包含有植物种名、拉丁名、生活型、生长型、光生态型、水分生态型、土壤pH值生态型、淤积生态型,共8个指标,同时提供了完整的样地信息和样地管理记录,为数据的科学利用提供了空间和时间上的背景信息。本数据集为分析洞庭湖湿地洲滩植被群落生态型和生活型组成,植物群落与环境的相关提供了数据支撑,是深入研究洞庭湖湿地植物被演替的重要参考依据。

大蒜直立种植机非对称式栽植器设计与试验

针对大蒜直立种植机直立度偏低、作业效率低问题,设计了一种适用于连续式大蒜种植机非对称结构的栽植器,以抵消在栽植过程中栽植器的水平分速度不断变化对蒜种直立状态的影响。分析了栽植器和土壤对蒜种作用过程,建立了种穴底部轮廓曲线方程和大蒜直立种植装置EDEM-ADAMS仿真系统。首先根据栽植器在不同工作阶段的作用提出了上下锥角不同的两段式栽植器结构并确定了上部锥角为20°。再通过对种穴形状的对称性、种穴底部形状以及种植蒜种直立度影响的单因素仿真试验,确定了栽植器打开方式为单侧向前打开、打开时刻为栽植器运动到最低点,打开旋转中心位于栽植器下部顶点的上方110 mm、后侧15 mm。通过栽植器打开后对蒜种作用过程的模拟仿真分析,确定了栽植器的非对称结构及其相应参数。最后以蒜种直立度为指标,进行了工作参数和栽植器下部锥角的四因素三水平正交仿真试验,确定了最佳组合参数为:速比1.12、打开开度29.69 mm、打开时间0.51 s、栽植器下部锥角40.90°,此时种植蒜种直立度为72.84°。搭建了大蒜种植装置试验台对通过仿真分析设计的栽植器进行了试验验证,结果直立度为68.66°,表明建立的仿真系统正确、仿真试验结果实用可靠。

中国省级重点保护野生植物的种类组成和多样性分析

为揭示我国省级重点保护野生植物的主要特征,对我国已公布省级重点保护野生植物名录的24个省份数据进行了整理,并初步分析其种类组成、生活型谱和濒危等级。结果显示:(1)我国省级重点保护野生植物共有2044种,隶属于208科,844属。其中,大型真菌有23种,苔藓植物有14种,石松类和蕨类植物有63种,裸子植物有50种,被子植物有1894种。不同省份的重点保护植物种数介于17~448种,平均种数为115种。(2)植物的生活型共有10种。其中以草本植物最多,有1200种,占总种数的58.71%;其次为常绿乔木,有262种,占总种数的12.82%;再次为落叶乔木,有225种,占总种数的11.01%。(3)根据世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录的濒危等级划分,这2044种植物可分为6种类型。其中以无危(LC)最多,有1224种,占比59.88%;其次为易危(VU),有248种,占比12.13%;再次为近危(NT),有198种,占比9.69%;濒危(EN)有173种,占比8.46%;极危(CR)有128种,占比6.26%。值得注意的是,濒危植物类群(包括CR、EN、VU、NT)的植物合计有747种,占比36.55%。研究发现,我国省级尺度的重点保护野生植物名录涵盖的植物类群广泛,但是各省制定的名录涉及的植物种数和比例差异很大。不同省份的重点保护野生植物的生活型多样,但是总体上以草本植物为主;这些植物的濒危等级相对较高,这可能与其地理分布相对狭窄、种群规模往往较小以及受到一定人为活动的影响有关。因此,建议国家及省级相关职能部门在省级尺度上对重点保护野生植物名录制定加强指导,在强调物种的珍稀、濒危和特有性的同时,更好地兼顾管理的可操作性、有效性和充分性。

明堂山主要药用植物资源调查分析

为全面了解岳西县明堂山药用植物资源的组成类型、生活型和药用部位等资源现状,本文采用传统野外调查方法收集药用植物资源的分布信息,通过形态观察及查阅相关文献资料对药用植物进行物种鉴定和药用植物整理分析.结果表明,本次调查发现药用植物231种,隶属96科205属,以小型科(2~4种)和单种科(1种)为主.生活型以草本植物占绝对优势(61.47%);药用部位以全草类、根及根茎类占多数(61.48%);珍稀濒危药用植物29种,其中国家一级保护植物2种,二级保护植物8种.岳西县明堂山药用植物资源类型多样性特征明显,生态环境保护良好,此次调查为后续有效保护和合理开发药用植物资源提供科学依据.

增氧条件下粉绿狐尾藻的氮磷吸收特征

为探明增氧处理下粉绿狐尾藻植株的氮磷吸收特征,该研究以粉绿狐尾藻为研究材料,设置5个不同增氧水平(增氧时长),即CK (0 min)、JO1(4 min)、JO_(2)(6 min)、JO3(8 min)、JO4(10 min),系统分析了不同增氧水平下粉绿狐尾藻幼苗期(7月10日—9月15日)、生长旺盛期(9月16日—12月22日)生理指标的变化规律,明确了植株N、P含量、N/P和叶绿素含量、底泥各形态氮磷含量之间的关系。结果表明:增氧8 min时,t_(1)、t_(2)取样时期(9月15日、10月10日)粉绿狐尾藻的氮、磷吸收量及t5取样时期(12月22日)的氮吸收量最高;增氧6 min时,t_(3)、t4取样时期(10月27日、11月16日)粉绿狐尾藻的氮、磷吸收量及t5取样时期的磷吸收量最高;增氧有利于粉绿狐尾藻在t_(1)、t_(2)、t_(3)时期对氮的吸收,t4时期对磷的吸收,表现为t_(1)、t_(2)、t_(3)时期粉绿狐尾藻的植株氮磷比分别增加5.27%~36.57%、9.04%~63.07%、3.50%~73.45%,t4时期的N/P降低1.38%-34.05%;增氧使t_(2)、t5时期粉绿狐尾藻叶片叶绿素a、b及叶绿素总含量降低,t4时期叶绿素含量增加同时,使t_(1)、t_(2)时期底泥氮磷比值(sediment total nitrogen/phosphorus,STN/P)分别降低64.84%、54.76%,t4、t5时期STN/P分别增高138.97%、47.02%;层次聚类分析及多元线性回归分析结果进一步表明,增氧6 min是增氧促进粉绿狐尾藻氮磷吸收利用的理论满意方案,增氧降低t_(1)时期叶绿素a、b含量、t5时期底泥碱解氮含量(sediment alkali-hydro nitrogen,SAHN)和t4时期铁结合态磷(Fe-P)含量同时,促进了粉绿狐尾藻t5时期氮磷的吸收。增氧调控粉绿狐尾藻叶片叶绿素形成和底泥氮磷的形态转化,促进其对底泥氮磷吸收,同时提高了粉绿狐尾藻氮磷的吸收利用效果,可抑制甲烷和氧化亚氮、CO_(2)等温室气体的排放。

基于OBE理念的植物组织培养教材建设实践与探索

针对植物组织培养课程特点和教材建设中存在的问题,基于OBE理念对植物组织培养教材建设提出具体改革策略,进行实践与探索。植物组织培养教材由校企共同开发,基于工作过程为导向进行编写。结合该专业的人才培养方案和岗位能力需求,及时更新相关内容,重建课程体系;实现理论教材与实训手册相结合的教材形式的创新;有机结合该校产学研情况,实现教学内容的实用化和本土化。

西双版纳热带雨林不同生长型木本植物功能多样性

[目的]通过分析西双版纳热带雨林不同生长型木本植物功能性状的差异,揭示热带雨林不同生长型木本植物功能多样性的变化规律以及影响因素。[方法]本文基于西双版纳国家级自然保护区勐仑、补蚌和尚勇等片区3块1 hm2动态监测样地的调查数据和木本植物功能性状数据,利用单因素方差分析、主成分分析、Pearson相关分析、冗余分析以及多元线性回归分析等方法,分析西双版纳热带雨林不同生长型木本植物功能多样性的差异,阐明热带雨林木本植物群落的功能特征及主要影响因子。[结果](1)乔木的叶面积、叶碳含量、叶干物质含量的群落加权平均值均显著高于灌木和藤本,而藤本叶氮含量和比叶面积的群落加权平均值显著高于乔木和灌木。(2)乔木功能丰富度和功能离散度高于灌木和藤本,而灌木功能均匀度和功能分异度均高于乔木和藤本。(3)乔木和藤本功能丰富度以及藤本功能离散度随物种丰富度、多度和系统发育多样性的增加而显著增大;乔木功能均匀度和功能分异度随土壤肥力的增大而显著增大,而灌木功能离散度随物种丰富度的增加而增大。(4)植物多度是影响乔木和灌木功能性状群落加权平均值的主要因素,而系统发育多样性、物种丰富度和土壤肥力是影响藤本功能性状群落加权平均值的主要因素。[结论]表明西双版纳热带雨林不同生长型木本植物群落在功能性状和功能多样性之间存在显著差异性,且植物多度和土壤肥力在热带雨林植物群落功能多样性维持机制中起到重要作用。

基于有限元模型的上海市常见园林树种抗风性研究

风害是园林植物受到的主要自然灾害之一,每年由于台风导致的园林树木断枝倒伏等现象频频发生,严重威胁了城市的生态安全。树木形态差异是影响树木稳定性的主要因子,以15种上海市常见园林树木为研究对象,探究不同冠层特征对树木稳定性影响及不同树形对分枝特征变化的敏感性。通过对研究树种的有限元建模进行树木自振和风致破坏模拟,计算得到树木的力学响应特征值,然后结合树木断裂的失效弯矩和树木弯矩在不同风速条件下的变化规律,预测树木断裂的临界风速,结合灾后实地调研结果,综合比较不同树种的抗风能力。

造林密度和混交比例对水曲柳生长形质及空间利用能力的影响

【目的】探究不同造林密度和混交比例下水曲柳生长形质及空间利用能力的变化规律,为培养大径材水曲柳人工林提供理论依据。【方法】选择帽儿山林场1998年营造的4种不同造林密度(分别为10000、4400、2500和2200株/hm^(2))的水曲柳纯林以及两种不同混交行数比(分别为1∶1和3∶3)、造林密度为2500株/hm^(2)的长白落叶松-水曲柳混交林作为研究对象,调查了水曲柳的生长指标、形质指标和空间利用能力指标,运用改进层级分析法获得综合评价值。【结果】4400株/hm^(2)、10000株/hm^(2)纯林中水曲柳生长指标评价值和空间利用能力评价值比2500株/hm^(2)纯林分别降低3.15%、2.58%和8.62%、2.58%,2200株/hm^(2)纯林中水曲柳生长指标评价值、形质指标评价值和空间利用能力指标评价值分别比2500株/hm^(2)纯林提高21.89%、7.41%和2.94%。混交行数比1∶1和3∶3长白落叶松-水曲柳混交林生长指标评价值、形质指标评价值和空间利用能力指标评价值分别比2500株/hm^(2)纯林提高12.18%、9.05%、17.92%和22.98%、12.14%、25.77%。水曲柳综合评价值从大到小为混交行数比3∶3长白落叶松-水曲柳混交林、2200株/hm^(2)纯林、混交行数1∶1长白落叶松-水曲柳混交林、2500株/hm^(2)纯林、4400株/hm^(2)纯林和10000株/hm^(2)纯林。【结论】随着造林密度的降低纯林水曲柳个体质量显著提高,混交林能显著提高水曲柳个体质量,建议营造密度为2500株/hm^(2)混交行数比为3∶3的长白落叶松-水曲柳混交林。

四种藏兽医药用植物和屎肠球菌联用对大肠杆菌E6生物被膜的影响

采用改良结晶紫半定量法和微量肉汤稀释法分别对152株大肠杆菌进行生物被膜形成能力分析和12种常用抗菌药物敏感性试验。同时,利用棋盘稀释法评价四种藏兽医药用植物(马蹄黄、偏翅唐松草、华丽龙胆和岩生忍冬)不同提取部位(甲醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和石油醚)、屎肠球菌乙酸乙酯提取物与高耐药率抗生素(氯霉素、土霉素、氨苄西林和磺胺甲噁唑)联合对10株多重耐药大肠杆菌(E1-E10)杀菌活性,以探讨不同药物组合对E6生物被膜的清除作用。实验结果显示:152株大肠杆菌多表现为中等成膜能力和无成膜能力表型,对氯霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶、土霉素、氨苄西林、磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率均高于90%,对二氟沙星、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、头孢噻呋、妥布霉素和头孢曲松的耐药率均低于50%,其中阿米卡星的敏感率最高,耐药率仅为19.90%;马蹄黄甲醇提取物、偏翅唐松草乙酸乙酯提取物、华丽龙胆甲醇提取物和岩生忍冬乙酸乙酯提取物、屎肠球菌S16和S17乙酸乙酯提取物对E1~E10的MIC范围分别为3.93~15.63、3.93~31.52,7.81~15.63、7.81~31.52、0.42~13.38和0.45~3.63 mg/mL;四种藏兽医药用植物不同提取部位和屎肠球菌乙酸乙酯提取物与高耐药率抗菌药物分别呈现不同的联合作用;在MIC浓度下,药物联合对E6表现出较强的生物被膜清除能力,其中岩生忍冬和偏翅唐松草乙酸乙酯提取物与土霉素和氨苄西林联用对E6生物被膜的抑制率高于其他组合,岩生忍冬和偏翅唐松草乙酸乙酯提取部位与土霉素联用的抑制率分别为48.92%、42.58%,与氨苄西林联用的抑制率分别为48.58%、47.84%。选用的四种藏兽医药用植物、益生菌和抗菌药物联合应用在一定程度上能够解决本研究藏猪和藏鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性和生物被膜形成等问题。

城镇污水厂各工序段对微塑料去除率差异特性分析

污水处理厂被认为是微塑料的主要排放与储存场所.为探究城镇污水处理厂不同处理工序段对污水中微塑料的去除效率差异特性,以内蒙古某污水处理厂为研究对象,通过采用体式显微镜观察,并借助LAS X软件统计分析的方法展开研究,结果表明:污水厂中微塑料的主要存在形态以纤维状为主(61.8%),其次为碎片状与薄膜状,微塑料的尺寸主要集中在0.25-0.50mm(32.9%).一级处理工序中对微塑料去除效果最好的构筑物分别是:粗格栅、细格栅和初沉池,尤其对尺寸小于0.25mm微塑料颗粒的去除效果最好.旋流沉砂池对纤维、碎片和薄膜状微塑料均没有起到积极的去除效果,二级处理工序中的二沉池对微塑料的去除起到了关键作用,其次为纤维生物转盘,其对尺寸介于0.50~1.00mm的微塑料去除效率最高.一级处理工序对3种形状微塑料的去除效率均为正值,且去除效率与微塑料尺寸呈负相关关系.一级处理工序中的构筑物对小尺寸微塑料的去除效率比较稳定,而对大尺寸微塑料的去除效率波动较大,对不同形状微塑料的去除率随污水在各处理构筑物流动方向沿程呈下降趋势.二级处理工序对3种形状微塑料的去除率均呈现为负值,而仅对尺寸小于0.50mm的微塑料去除率为正值.本研究旨在为污水厂提升微塑料去除率的运行管理提供理论指导作用.

不同植物中硒含量及存在形态的研究进展

硒是一种微量元素,主要以硒蛋白的形式在人体内发挥重要作用。自然界中的无机硒经过各种生物吸收转化为不同有机形态的硒化合物,从而在生物体内有不同的存在形态;通过综述近年来国内外的研究文献,介绍不同植物包括谷物类、蔬菜类、豆类、水果类、茶叶及其他植物中硒的含量及其存在形态,同时简要介绍了硒元素及不同植物硒形态的营养安全性,以期为今后有机硒的应用研究提供一些参考。

植物纤维拆解及自成型技术研究进展

植物纤维属于植物的厚壁组织,植物纤维的利用对我国减少碳排放,实现碳中和目标具有重要意义。植物纤维是一种具备高长径比,能够自交织成型的生物质材料,将其加工成纤维制品,可以减轻对石油基等不可再生资源的依赖。重点介绍了化学拆解、物理拆解和生物拆解获得不同尺度植物纤维的机理、优缺点,并且对拆解后不同尺度的植物纤维所需的成型工艺和发展趋势进行了综述。未来需要在木质素高效拆解的基础上,开发不同尺度纤维的高效成型技术,使预处理和成型工艺更加低碳环保,提高植物纤维制品的应用效果和使用性能。