[ Objective] The study was to report the construction of plant virus expression vector pCIYVV/CP/W and the expression of green fluorescent protein（GFP） with pCIYVV/CP/W, and to develop effective plat virus vector fo...[ Objective] The study was to report the construction of plant virus expression vector pCIYVV/CP/W and the expression of green fluorescent protein（GFP） with pCIYVV/CP/W, and to develop effective plat virus vector for plant bioreactor to produce useful protein. [ Method] A section of multiple cloning sites among NIb/CP genes in pCIYVV genome and deoxyribonucleotide polylinker of cleavage recognition sequence containing viral protease Nla were cloned with infectivity full-length cDNA of clover yellow vein virus （CIYVV）, and pCIYVV/CP/W vector was constructed, GFP gene was inserted into pCIyVV/CP/W to construct the pCIYVV/CP/W/GFP vector. The transcription situation of recombinant virus clone was detected by RT-PCR, and targeted gene products expressed by recombinant virus clone were detected with western blot （WB）. [Result] The broad bean seedling inoculated with pCIYVV/CP/W/GFP expressed the same symptom as wild type CIYVV, morbidity was of 100%, the result showed that recombinant virus clone pCIYVV/CP/W/GFP didn＇t suppress, insertion of foreign gene didn＇t destroy the open reading frame of pCIYVV/CP/W. Foreign gene can keep living in F, progeny virus genorne steadily, recombinant virus clone pCIYVV/CP/W/GFP could steadily express GFP in progeny virus at least.[ Conclusion] The useful plant virus vector was provided for useful protein expressing.展开更多
Plant viruses are mainly transmitted by insect vectors in the non-persistent,semi-persistent,or persistent modes.In the non-persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in the stylets of their insect vectors.In the semi...Plant viruses are mainly transmitted by insect vectors in the non-persistent,semi-persistent,or persistent modes.In the non-persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in the stylets of their insect vectors.In the semi-persistent mode,plant viruses are carried to vector foreguts or salivary glands,but they cannot spread to salivary glands.In the persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in vector guts and can spread to salivary glands.In the non-persistent and semi-persistent modes,plant viruses are retained for a short time and cannot enter the hemolymph of insect vectors,whereas in the persistent mode,plant viruses are retained for a relatively long time and can be found in the hemolymph.Here,we reviewed recent studies that uncovered molecular mechanisms of how plant viruses manipulate host traits for efficient transmission by insect vectors.Normally,plants that are infected with viruses,regardless of the transmission mode,tend to release more attractive volatiles to vectors.However,plant defensive systems are regulated differently by viruses in these three modes.In the non-persistent mode,virus infections significantly induce plant defense responses,which probably trigger vectors(e.g.,winged aphids)to disperse and transmit viruses in a short time.In the semi-persistent mode,virus infections frequently suppress plant defense responses,resulting in an increase of vector population and facilitating viral transmissions during vector outbreaks.In the persistent mode,virus infections reduce plant defense responses and manipulate plant traits to become suitable feeding sites in a relatively long period of time.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of virus–vector–plant interactions will lay a foundation for preventing virus transmission.展开更多
By serving as vectors of transmission, insects play a key role in the infection cycle of many plant viruses. Viruses use sophisticated transmission strategies to overcome the spatial barrier separating plants and the ...By serving as vectors of transmission, insects play a key role in the infection cycle of many plant viruses. Viruses use sophisticated transmission strategies to overcome the spatial barrier separating plants and the impediment imposed by the plant cell wall. Interactions among insect vectors, viruses, and host plants mediate transmission by integrating all organizational levels, from molecules to populations. Best-examined on the molecular scale are two basic transmission modes wherein virus-vector interactions have been well characterized. Whereas association of virus particles with specific sites in the vector＇s mouthparts or in alimentary tract regions immediately posterior to them is required for noncirculative transmission, the cycle of particles through the vector body is necessary for circulative transmission. Virus transmission is also determined by interactions that are associated with changes in vector feeding behaviors and with alterations in plant host＇s morphology and/or metabolism that favor the attraction or deterrence of vectors. A recent concept in virus-host-vector interactions proposes that when vectors land on infected plants, vector elicitors and effectors ＂inform＂ the plants of the confluence of interacting entities and trigger signaling pathways and plant defenses. Simultaneously, the plant responses may also influence virus acquisition and inoculation by vectors. Over- all, a picture is emerging where transmission depends on multilayered virus-vector-host interactions that define the route of a virus through the vector, and on the manipulation of the host and the vector. These interactions guarantee virus propagation until one or more of the interactants undergo changes through evolution or are halted by environmental interventions.展开更多
About 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by specific insect vectors, especiallyhemipterans with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Many virus-transmitting insectsare also important crop pests that cause considerable losse...About 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by specific insect vectors, especiallyhemipterans with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Many virus-transmitting insectsare also important crop pests that cause considerable losses in crop production.This review summarizes the latest research findings on the interactions betweenplant viruses and insect vectors and analyzes the key factors affecting insecttransmission of plant viruses from the perspectives of insect immunity, insectfeeding, and insect symbiotic microorganisms. Additionally, by referring to thelatest applications for blocking the transmission of animal viruses, potentialcontrol strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant virusesusing RNAi technology, gene editing technology, and CRISPR/Cas9 + gene-driventechnology are discussed.展开更多
The ability to capture the chemical signatures of biomolecules(i.e.,electron-transfer dynamics)in living cells will provide an entirely new perspective on biology and medicine.This can be accomplished using nanoscale ...The ability to capture the chemical signatures of biomolecules(i.e.,electron-transfer dynamics)in living cells will provide an entirely new perspective on biology and medicine.This can be accomplished using nanoscale optical antennas that can collect,resonate and focus light from outside the cell and emit molecular spectra.Here,we describe biologically inspired nanoscale optical antennas that utilize the unique topologies of plant viruses(and thus,are called gold plant viruses)for molecular fingerprint detection.Our electromagnetic calculations for these gold viruses indicate that capsid morphologies permit high amplification of optical scattering energy compared to a smooth nanosphere.From experimental measurements of various gold viruses based on four different plant viruses,we observe highly enhanced optical cross-sections and the modulation of the resonance wavelength depending on the viral morphology.Additionally,in label-free molecular imaging,we successfully obtain higher sensitivity(by a factor of up to 10^(6))than can be achieved using similar-sized nanospheres.By virtue of the inherent functionalities of capsids and the plasmonic characteristics of the gold layer,a gold virus-based antenna will enable cellular targeting,imaging and drug delivery.展开更多
Global food production is at risk from many abiotic and biotic stresses and can be affected by multiple stresses simultaneously.Virus diseases damage cultivated plants and decrease the marketable quality of produce.Im...Global food production is at risk from many abiotic and biotic stresses and can be affected by multiple stresses simultaneously.Virus diseases damage cultivated plants and decrease the marketable quality of produce.Importantly,the progression of virus diseases is strongly affected by changing climate conditions.Among climate-changing vari-ables,temperature increase is viewed as an important factor that affects virus epidemics,which may in turn require more efficient disease management.In this review,we discuss the effect of elevated temperature on virus epidem-ics at both macro-and micro-climatic levels.This includes the temperature effects on virus spread both within and between host plants.Furthermore,we focus on the involvement of molecular mechanisms associated with tempera-ture effects on plant defence to viruses in both susceptible and resistant plants.Considering various mechanisms proposed in different pathosystems,we also offer a view of the possible opportunities provided by RNA-based technologies for virus control at elevated temperatures.Recently,the potential of these technologies for topical field applications has been strengthened through a combination of genetically modified(GM)-free delivery nanoplat-forms.This approach represents a promising and important climate-resilient substitute to conventional strategies for managing plant virus diseases under global warming scenarios.In this context,we discuss the knowledge gaps in the research of temperature effects on plant-virus interactions and limitations of RNA-based emerging technologies,which should be addressed in future studies.展开更多
Soybean pests are one of the major factors limiting yield improvement.With the expansion of area and changes in cropping patterns,a number of new pests have been identified in the main soybean production areas of Chin...Soybean pests are one of the major factors limiting yield improvement.With the expansion of area and changes in cropping patterns,a number of new pests have been identified in the main soybean production areas of China.The common brown leafhopper,Orosius orientalis,is a new pest associated with soybean stay-green virus that has been discovered on cultivated soybean crop in the Yellow-Huai-hai region of China in recent years.The polyphagous insect has a wide feeding range and infests a variety of important grain and cash crops.This paper presents the basic information,geographical distribution,hosts,damage characteristics,plant virus transmission,occurrence patterns,and prevention and control measures O.orientalis.This review also provides insights into integrated prevention and control of the genus Orosius as an insect vector.展开更多
Sugarcane mosaic caused by Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV) is one of the most important virus diseases of sugarcane. In the present study, changes in the transcription profile obtained by cDNA-AFLP analysis were investi...Sugarcane mosaic caused by Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV) is one of the most important virus diseases of sugarcane. In the present study, changes in the transcription profile obtained by cDNA-AFLP analysis were investigated in two sugarcane varieties contrasting to SCMV resistance, when challenged with a severe virus strain. Healthy plants derived from meristem tip tissue culture were mechanically inoculated under greenhouse controlled conditions and sampled at 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation. A total of 392 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were verified in the resistant variety against 380 in the susceptible one. The two sugarcane genotypes showed differential behavior in the number of induced and repressed TDFs along the time-course samplings. Ten out of 23 sequenced TDFs (unique from the resistance variety), showed identity with known plant sequences, mostly related to plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. The cDNA-AFLP technique was effective in revealing changes in the transcription profile within and between contrasting varieties when challenged by SCMV.展开更多
Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including bas...Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases.Here,we review these milestones and advances,including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses,dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses,examination of multilayered interactions among viruses,their host plants,and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors,and in-depth interrogation of plantencoded resistance and susceptibility determinants.Notably,various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants.We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.展开更多
Viral RNAs have been known to contain N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modifications since the 1970s.The function of these modifications remained unknown until the development of genome-wide methods to map m^(6)A residues...Viral RNAs have been known to contain N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modifications since the 1970s.The function of these modifications remained unknown until the development of genome-wide methods to map m^(6)A residues.Increasing evidence has recently revealed a strong association between m^(6)A modifications and plant viral infection.This highlight introduces advances in the roles of RNA m^(6)A modifications in plant-virus interactions.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(20072122)Projects Funding of Liaoning Provincial Education Office(05L339)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study was to report the construction of plant virus expression vector pCIYVV/CP/W and the expression of green fluorescent protein（GFP） with pCIYVV/CP/W, and to develop effective plat virus vector for plant bioreactor to produce useful protein. [ Method] A section of multiple cloning sites among NIb/CP genes in pCIYVV genome and deoxyribonucleotide polylinker of cleavage recognition sequence containing viral protease Nla were cloned with infectivity full-length cDNA of clover yellow vein virus （CIYVV）, and pCIYVV/CP/W vector was constructed, GFP gene was inserted into pCIyVV/CP/W to construct the pCIYVV/CP/W/GFP vector. The transcription situation of recombinant virus clone was detected by RT-PCR, and targeted gene products expressed by recombinant virus clone were detected with western blot （WB）. [Result] The broad bean seedling inoculated with pCIYVV/CP/W/GFP expressed the same symptom as wild type CIYVV, morbidity was of 100%, the result showed that recombinant virus clone pCIYVV/CP/W/GFP didn＇t suppress, insertion of foreign gene didn＇t destroy the open reading frame of pCIYVV/CP/W. Foreign gene can keep living in F, progeny virus genorne steadily, recombinant virus clone pCIYVV/CP/W/GFP could steadily express GFP in progeny virus at least.[ Conclusion] The useful plant virus vector was provided for useful protein expressing.
基金the Hunan Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2019JJ30014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31872932 and 31571981)Agriculture Research System of China(Grant No.CARS-23-D-02)。
文摘Plant viruses are mainly transmitted by insect vectors in the non-persistent,semi-persistent,or persistent modes.In the non-persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in the stylets of their insect vectors.In the semi-persistent mode,plant viruses are carried to vector foreguts or salivary glands,but they cannot spread to salivary glands.In the persistent mode,plant viruses are retained in vector guts and can spread to salivary glands.In the non-persistent and semi-persistent modes,plant viruses are retained for a short time and cannot enter the hemolymph of insect vectors,whereas in the persistent mode,plant viruses are retained for a relatively long time and can be found in the hemolymph.Here,we reviewed recent studies that uncovered molecular mechanisms of how plant viruses manipulate host traits for efficient transmission by insect vectors.Normally,plants that are infected with viruses,regardless of the transmission mode,tend to release more attractive volatiles to vectors.However,plant defensive systems are regulated differently by viruses in these three modes.In the non-persistent mode,virus infections significantly induce plant defense responses,which probably trigger vectors(e.g.,winged aphids)to disperse and transmit viruses in a short time.In the semi-persistent mode,virus infections frequently suppress plant defense responses,resulting in an increase of vector population and facilitating viral transmissions during vector outbreaks.In the persistent mode,virus infections reduce plant defense responses and manipulate plant traits to become suitable feeding sites in a relatively long period of time.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of virus–vector–plant interactions will lay a foundation for preventing virus transmission.
文摘By serving as vectors of transmission, insects play a key role in the infection cycle of many plant viruses. Viruses use sophisticated transmission strategies to overcome the spatial barrier separating plants and the impediment imposed by the plant cell wall. Interactions among insect vectors, viruses, and host plants mediate transmission by integrating all organizational levels, from molecules to populations. Best-examined on the molecular scale are two basic transmission modes wherein virus-vector interactions have been well characterized. Whereas association of virus particles with specific sites in the vector＇s mouthparts or in alimentary tract regions immediately posterior to them is required for noncirculative transmission, the cycle of particles through the vector body is necessary for circulative transmission. Virus transmission is also determined by interactions that are associated with changes in vector feeding behaviors and with alterations in plant host＇s morphology and/or metabolism that favor the attraction or deterrence of vectors. A recent concept in virus-host-vector interactions proposes that when vectors land on infected plants, vector elicitors and effectors ＂inform＂ the plants of the confluence of interacting entities and trigger signaling pathways and plant defenses. Simultaneously, the plant responses may also influence virus acquisition and inoculation by vectors. Over- all, a picture is emerging where transmission depends on multilayered virus-vector-host interactions that define the route of a virus through the vector, and on the manipulation of the host and the vector. These interactions guarantee virus propagation until one or more of the interactants undergo changes through evolution or are halted by environmental interventions.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801734)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0200804)the Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project(2019B10004).
文摘About 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by specific insect vectors, especiallyhemipterans with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Many virus-transmitting insectsare also important crop pests that cause considerable losses in crop production.This review summarizes the latest research findings on the interactions betweenplant viruses and insect vectors and analyzes the key factors affecting insecttransmission of plant viruses from the perspectives of insect immunity, insectfeeding, and insect symbiotic microorganisms. Additionally, by referring to thelatest applications for blocking the transmission of animal viruses, potentialcontrol strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant virusesusing RNAi technology, gene editing technology, and CRISPR/Cas9 + gene-driventechnology are discussed.
基金This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grants AFOSR FA2386-13-1-4120.
文摘The ability to capture the chemical signatures of biomolecules(i.e.,electron-transfer dynamics)in living cells will provide an entirely new perspective on biology and medicine.This can be accomplished using nanoscale optical antennas that can collect,resonate and focus light from outside the cell and emit molecular spectra.Here,we describe biologically inspired nanoscale optical antennas that utilize the unique topologies of plant viruses(and thus,are called gold plant viruses)for molecular fingerprint detection.Our electromagnetic calculations for these gold viruses indicate that capsid morphologies permit high amplification of optical scattering energy compared to a smooth nanosphere.From experimental measurements of various gold viruses based on four different plant viruses,we observe highly enhanced optical cross-sections and the modulation of the resonance wavelength depending on the viral morphology.Additionally,in label-free molecular imaging,we successfully obtain higher sensitivity(by a factor of up to 10^(6))than can be achieved using similar-sized nanospheres.By virtue of the inherent functionalities of capsids and the plasmonic characteristics of the gold layer,a gold virus-based antenna will enable cellular targeting,imaging and drug delivery.
文摘Global food production is at risk from many abiotic and biotic stresses and can be affected by multiple stresses simultaneously.Virus diseases damage cultivated plants and decrease the marketable quality of produce.Importantly,the progression of virus diseases is strongly affected by changing climate conditions.Among climate-changing vari-ables,temperature increase is viewed as an important factor that affects virus epidemics,which may in turn require more efficient disease management.In this review,we discuss the effect of elevated temperature on virus epidem-ics at both macro-and micro-climatic levels.This includes the temperature effects on virus spread both within and between host plants.Furthermore,we focus on the involvement of molecular mechanisms associated with tempera-ture effects on plant defence to viruses in both susceptible and resistant plants.Considering various mechanisms proposed in different pathosystems,we also offer a view of the possible opportunities provided by RNA-based technologies for virus control at elevated temperatures.Recently,the potential of these technologies for topical field applications has been strengthened through a combination of genetically modified(GM)-free delivery nanoplat-forms.This approach represents a promising and important climate-resilient substitute to conventional strategies for managing plant virus diseases under global warming scenarios.In this context,we discuss the knowledge gaps in the research of temperature effects on plant-virus interactions and limitations of RNA-based emerging technologies,which should be addressed in future studies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1401000)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04).
文摘Soybean pests are one of the major factors limiting yield improvement.With the expansion of area and changes in cropping patterns,a number of new pests have been identified in the main soybean production areas of China.The common brown leafhopper,Orosius orientalis,is a new pest associated with soybean stay-green virus that has been discovered on cultivated soybean crop in the Yellow-Huai-hai region of China in recent years.The polyphagous insect has a wide feeding range and infests a variety of important grain and cash crops.This paper presents the basic information,geographical distribution,hosts,damage characteristics,plant virus transmission,occurrence patterns,and prevention and control measures O.orientalis.This review also provides insights into integrated prevention and control of the genus Orosius as an insect vector.
基金supported by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)Project BIOEN 2008/56146-5 and Instituto Agronomico de Campinas(IAC).C.N.F.Medeiros was a recipient of a Master’s fellowship from FAPESP(2012/15060-6).
文摘Sugarcane mosaic caused by Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV) is one of the most important virus diseases of sugarcane. In the present study, changes in the transcription profile obtained by cDNA-AFLP analysis were investigated in two sugarcane varieties contrasting to SCMV resistance, when challenged with a severe virus strain. Healthy plants derived from meristem tip tissue culture were mechanically inoculated under greenhouse controlled conditions and sampled at 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation. A total of 392 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were verified in the resistant variety against 380 in the susceptible one. The two sugarcane genotypes showed differential behavior in the number of induced and repressed TDFs along the time-course samplings. Ten out of 23 sequenced TDFs (unique from the resistance variety), showed identity with known plant sequences, mostly related to plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. The cDNA-AFLP technique was effective in revealing changes in the transcription profile within and between contrasting varieties when challenged by SCMV.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(31530062 and 32025031)。
文摘Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases.Here,we review these milestones and advances,including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses,dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses,examination of multilayered interactions among viruses,their host plants,and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors,and in-depth interrogation of plantencoded resistance and susceptibility determinants.Notably,various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants.We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400400)to FLthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(32320103010 and 31930089)to FL and XZ.
文摘Viral RNAs have been known to contain N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modifications since the 1970s.The function of these modifications remained unknown until the development of genome-wide methods to map m^(6)A residues.Increasing evidence has recently revealed a strong association between m^(6)A modifications and plant viral infection.This highlight introduces advances in the roles of RNA m^(6)A modifications in plant-virus interactions.
