The responses of plants to salt stress were discussed with respect to the effect of salt stress on phenotypic characters, photosynthesis, and phyto-hormone of plants. So far, many adaptation mechanisms of plants to sa...The responses of plants to salt stress were discussed with respect to the effect of salt stress on phenotypic characters, photosynthesis, and phyto-hormone of plants. So far, many adaptation mechanisms of plants to salt stress are known, among them osmoregulation and compartmentation of inorganic ions were especially related in the context about their roles on adaptation of plants to salt stress. In addition, the progresses of plant tolerance to salt stress mechanism, revealed by molecular biological methods in recent years, were also discussed in this paper. Ref展开更多
Currently, single-cell C4 photosynthesis has been reported in four terrestrial plant species, Bienertia cycloptera, B. sinuspersici, B. kavirense and Suaeda aralocaspica, of family Chenopodiaceae. These species posses...Currently, single-cell C4 photosynthesis has been reported in four terrestrial plant species, Bienertia cycloptera, B. sinuspersici, B. kavirense and Suaeda aralocaspica, of family Chenopodiaceae. These species possess novel mechanisms of C4 photosynthesis through spatial partitioning of organelles and key enzymes in distinct cytoplasmic domains within single chlorenchyma cells. Anatomical and biochemical studies have shown that the three Bienertia species and S. aralocaspica utilize biochemical and organellar compartmentation to achieve the equivalent spatial separation of Kranz anatomy but within a single photosynthetic cell. These discoveries have challenged the paradigm for C4 photosynthesis in terrestrial plants which had suggested for more than 40 years that the Kranz feature was indispensably required for its C4 function. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the spatial relationship of organelles in these unique single-cell C4 systems. The demonstrated interaction of dimorphic chloroplasts with microtubules and actin filaments has shed light on the importance of these cytoskeleton components in the intracellular partitioning of organelles. Future perspectives on the potential function of the cytoskeleton in targeting gene products to specific subcellular compartments are discussed.展开更多
文摘The responses of plants to salt stress were discussed with respect to the effect of salt stress on phenotypic characters, photosynthesis, and phyto-hormone of plants. So far, many adaptation mechanisms of plants to salt stress are known, among them osmoregulation and compartmentation of inorganic ions were especially related in the context about their roles on adaptation of plants to salt stress. In addition, the progresses of plant tolerance to salt stress mechanism, revealed by molecular biological methods in recent years, were also discussed in this paper. Ref
文摘Currently, single-cell C4 photosynthesis has been reported in four terrestrial plant species, Bienertia cycloptera, B. sinuspersici, B. kavirense and Suaeda aralocaspica, of family Chenopodiaceae. These species possess novel mechanisms of C4 photosynthesis through spatial partitioning of organelles and key enzymes in distinct cytoplasmic domains within single chlorenchyma cells. Anatomical and biochemical studies have shown that the three Bienertia species and S. aralocaspica utilize biochemical and organellar compartmentation to achieve the equivalent spatial separation of Kranz anatomy but within a single photosynthetic cell. These discoveries have challenged the paradigm for C4 photosynthesis in terrestrial plants which had suggested for more than 40 years that the Kranz feature was indispensably required for its C4 function. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the spatial relationship of organelles in these unique single-cell C4 systems. The demonstrated interaction of dimorphic chloroplasts with microtubules and actin filaments has shed light on the importance of these cytoskeleton components in the intracellular partitioning of organelles. Future perspectives on the potential function of the cytoskeleton in targeting gene products to specific subcellular compartments are discussed.
