Exploring the mechanism of Guizhi decoction’s“Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi”in treating plant nervous disorders based on weighted network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Guizhi decoction’s“Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi”in treating plant nervous disorders based on network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods:The main active ingredients of Guizhi decoction were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and plant nervous disorder-related targets were screened from the Gene Cards database,OMIM database,and PharmGKB database.The intersection of the two was obtained.The intersection targets were used to draw a protein interaction network and a“Traditional Chinese Medicine-active ingredient-target”network using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.9.1.The nodes in the“Traditional Chinese Medicine-active ingredient-target”network were weighted according to the“Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi”principle.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,and gene ontology enrichment analysis were performed on the intersection targets.Molecular docking was used to verify the affinity between core targets and key ingredients.Results:A total of 225 effective components of Guizhi decoction were screened,among which 127 components could bind to 160 common targets and play a therapeutic role.The common targets were mainly enriched in 2785 gene ontology entries and 189 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways.Molecular docking confirmed that core targets could spontaneously bind to key ingredients.Conclusion:The key targets for the treatment of plant nervous disorders by Guizhi decoction are MAPK1,TP53,RB1,STAT3,MAPK3,MAPK14,etc.,which reflect the characteristics of the synergistic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine with multiple components,targets,and pathways through the regulation of inflammatory signal pathways and oxidative stress processes.

Exploring the mechanism of action bitter melon in the treatment ofbreast cancer by network pharmacology

BACKGROUND Bitter melon has been used to stop the growth of breast cancer(BRCA)cells.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear.AIM To predict the therapeutic effect of bitter melon against BRCA using network pharmacology and to explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.METHODS The active ingredients of bitter melon and the related protein targets were taken from the Indian Medicinal Plants,Phytochemistry and Therapeutics and SuperPred databases,respectively.The GeneCards database has been searched for BRCA-related targets.Through an intersection of the drug’s targets and the disease’s objectives,prospective bitter melon anti-BRCA targets were discovered.Gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses were carried out to comprehend the biological roles of the target proteins.The binding relationship between bitter melon’s active ingredients and the suggested target proteins was verified using molecular docking techniques.RESULTS Three key substances,momordicoside K,kaempferol,and quercetin,were identified as being important in mediating the putative anti-BRCA effects of bitter melon through the active ingredient-anti-BRCA target network study.Heat shock protein 90 AA,proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase,and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were found to be the top three proteins in the proteinprotein interaction network study.The several pathways implicated in the anti-BRCA strategy for an active component include phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling,transcriptional dysregulation,axon guidance,calcium signaling,focal adhesion,janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling,cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling,mammalian CONCLUSION Overall,the integration of network pharmacology,molecular docking,and functional enrichment analyses shed light on potential mechanisms underlying bitter melon’s ability to fight BRCA,implicating active ingredients and protein targets,as well as highlighting the major signaling pathways that may be altered by this natural product for therapeutic benefit.

A review of selected parasitic plants in Nigeria:converting harms to benefits

Parasitic plants are challenging to agricultural crops and forestry development,which are sources of major revenues in several countries,including Nigeria.Nevertheless,parasitic plants are important to human society as they have an abundance of bioactive compounds with pharmacological relevance.Thus,it becomes expedient to know the benefits of these plants and potential means of management.This review discusses four selected parasitic plants in Nigeria,namely Viscum album,Striga hermonthica,Tapinanthus bangwensis and Cuscuta campestris.Relevant information about their pharmacological relevance and biocontrol was obtained from credible databases,including the National Library of Medicine,SCOPUS,and Google Scholar.The review showed that all four plants have been extensively studied for their antioxidant and antitumor properties.Also,antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are common pharmacological values among parasitic plants.These are largely due to the presence of abundant beneficial classes of phytocompounds.Furthermore,there is an increasing number of biocontrol studies on the use of microorganisms,such as Phaeobotryosphaeria visci,Sphaeropsis visci,Pandoraea pulminicol,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,and Fusarium oxysporum in controlling and managing these seemingly disastrous plants.It is hoped that this review will spur further studies into the conservation and proper management of parasitic plants using strategically developed biocontrol.

Plant distribution and pharmacological activity of flavonoids

Flavonoids are natural organic compounds that are widely found in nature, their structural types are complex, and they mainly include flavonoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, isoflavones, dihydroisoflavones, chalcones, orange ketones, flavanoids, anthocyanidins, and biflavonoids. This review covers the plant distribution and pharmacological activities of flavonoids. Flavonoids are mainly distributed in angiosperms and gymnosperms, and they are abundant in plants such as Rutaceae, Labiatae, Zingiberaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Leguminosae. Because of their wide distribution and variety, researchers have found that flavonoids have diverse biological activities, mainly focusing on anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory effects are mainly related to the NF-κB and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway and then the inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The antibacterial activity is mainly manifested as inhibitory effects on many strains, including Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, via destroying the stability of the microbial membrane, inhibiting the invasion of virulent bacteria into host cells, promoting the apoptosis of bacteria, inhibiting bacterial fatty acid synthesis, etc. The antitumor activity of flavonoids is related to their inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated, endoplasmic reticulum-mediated, and death factor and its receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. Understanding the plant distribution and pharmacological activity of flavonoids not only reveals the importance of identifying such valuable flavonoids in another genus or family but also provides a basis for fully exploiting the therapeutic potential of flavonoids.

A Review on Ethnomedicinal, Pharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmaceutical Profile of Lady’s Finger (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>L.) Plant

Abelmoschus is a genus of about fifteen species belongs to the family Malvaceae. The herb, popularly known as Lady’s Finger or Okra (in English) is a nutritional source used for both medicinal and culinary purposes. The plant is widely distributed from Africa to Asia, Southern Europe, and America. This comprehensive account provides a botanical description of the plant, its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities focusing anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-adhesive, gastro-protective, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulating actions. Most of the pharmacological effects can be explained by the constituents like tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides present in all plant parts. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm traditional wisdom in the light of a rational phytotherapy. The present review is an overview of phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological studies that support many of the traditional?ethnomedicinal uses of the plant.

A review on medicinal plants in north region of India: traditional use in Vedic culture and their pharmacological properties culture and their pharmacological properties

Medicinal plants are widely employed for healing reasons in many native systems of medicine and are becoming increasingly popular in modern culture as alternatives to manufactured medications.The current study is a descriptive review in which papers were searched from several databases such as Springer,Wiley,Taylor and Francis,Elsevier,etc.It is time to rethink the way we improve our immune systems and seek evidence-based treatments that best use plant-based medicines to benefit patients.Bioactive principles are responsible for medicinal plants’therapeutic actions and give limitless chances for novel drug leads because of their exceptional availability of chemical variety.The chemical characteristics of the included bioactive components determine whether standardized plant extracts are beneficial or poisonous.A summary of research papers on plants such as garlic,aloe vera,stinging nettle,saffron,clove,holy basil,turmeric,cinnamon,giloe,liquorice,and aloe vera having bioactive molecules and cures for several diseases such as influenza virus,gastrointestinal cancer neurodegenerative disorder,cardiovascular diseases,urinary disorder,diabetes,skin disease,obesity,and respiratory disorder is included in this overview.

钩藤化学成分和药理作用研究进展

钩藤始载于《名医别录》,应用历史悠久。本文查阅钩藤化学成分和药理作用的相关研究文献,发现钩藤主要含有生物碱类、三萜类、酚类、甾醇类、黄酮类、醌类、香豆素类和木脂素类等成分,具有降压、抗氧化应激、抗神经细胞凋亡、调节炎症因子及其相关通路、降脂、抗脑缺血再灌注损伤、抗纤维化、抗抑郁、抗癌和调整肠道菌群等作用,主要作用于心血管和中枢神经系统,通过调节RhoA/ROCK1、ERK/MAPK、p38MAPK/MAPK、JNK/MAPK、Akt/eNOS、PI3K/Akt、ERK1/2、p27Kip1、PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β、Src/STAT3和HIF-1α/EMT信号通路,发挥治疗高血压、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森、肺纤维化等疾病的作用。

植物类黄酮的分类、药理活性及其生物合成调控研究进展

类黄酮是植物中重要的次生代谢产物之一,包括黄酮、黄酮醇、异黄酮、黄烷酮、黄烷醇、查尔酮、花青素和原花青素等,在植物生长发育和逆境胁迫响应过程中发挥重要作用,同时具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗菌消炎等药理活性。植物类黄酮的生物合成主要受两类基因控制,一类是直接编码类黄酮合成相关生物酶的结构基因,另一类是调控这些结构基因表达的转录因子。本文对植物类黄酮的种类、药理活性及其生物合成调控研究进展进行了综述,并探讨了今后的研究趋势,以期为植物类黄酮的研究和开发应用提供科学依据。

植物精油单独应用和联合应用的药理作用研究

植物精油(Plant essential oil,PEOs)是从植物的花、叶、根、树皮、果实、种子、树脂中萃取出的,具有特殊芳香气味的挥发性物质。PEOs能促进人类健康,四大文明古国之古埃及早在5000年前就有了详细记载。近年来,对PEOs关注度越来越高,抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、杀虫等药理作用研究报道逐渐增多,毒理研究极少。PEOs治疗疾病、呵护健康方案主要分为单独应用和联合应用2个方面,PEOs间联合应用,多用于改善神经系统症状、助眠等;PEOs与抗生素联合应用,可增强抗菌效果、减少耐药性。拟对PEOs单独应用和联合应用进行文献比对研究,探讨PEOs药理作用特点,为PEOs应用开发提供理论依据。

油用山茶属植物的次生代谢成分及药理作用研究进展

按照酚类化合物、萜类化合物及含氮化合物分类归纳总结了油用山茶属植物的次生代谢产物,并讨论了其抗氧化、抗炎、防紫外辐射等功能及其作用机理,为其在食品与化妆品等行业中的充分利用提供方向.

藤黄属药用植物活性成分的药理作用及其机制研究新进展

近年来,由于藤黄属活性成分具有显著的抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等众多药理作用的独特优点而受到研究者广泛关注。藤黄属植物(Garcinia Linn.)所分泌的干燥胶树脂,其化学成分主要有桥环类环氧杂蒽酮、糖、黄酮、三萜等,其活性成分包括藤黄酸、新藤黄酸、α、β-藤黄素,藤黄宁和别藤黄酸等。本文对其抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等药理活性及其作用机制进行较为系统综述,期望为更好地利用与开发藤黄属药用植物奠定坚实基础。

基于植物代谢组学和网络药理学探究苍术治疗溃疡性结肠炎的潜在活性成分和作用机制

目的利用植物代谢组学结合网络药理学的方法,挖掘茅苍术和北苍术治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的潜在活性成分,探究苍术治疗UC的作用机制。方法基于超高液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱联用(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)技术结合OS 3.0软件鉴定苍术化学成分,利用非靶向植物代谢组学筛选茅苍术和北苍术的差异代谢物,通过TCMSP、HERB和SymMap等数据库的检索及文献补充,构建苍术的化学成分库,利用Swiss Target Prediction、GeneCards和DrugBank等数据库得到与疾病的共有靶点,并构建“成分-靶点”网络筛选网药活性成分。将2种共有靶点取并集,进行基因本体论(GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。通过蛋白互作网络(PPI)分析得到关键治疗靶点,构建“差异代谢物-关键治疗靶点-网药活性成分”网络。最后利用AutoDock4对活性成分和关键靶点进行分子对接验证。结果从苍术中鉴定出197个化合物,两种苍术的27个差异代谢物与15个网药活性成分共有290个靶点。KEGG富集分析主要包括PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路和HIF-1信号通路等,蛋白互作网络分析得到信号传导转录激活因子3(STAT3)、蛋白激酶B(AKT1)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶3(MAPK3)等17个关键靶点。分子对接结果显示活性成分和关键靶点展现出较强的结合能。结论“差异代谢物-关键治疗靶点-网药活性成分”网络图表明绿原酸、白术内酯Ⅰ和汉黄芩素等是苍术治疗UC的潜在活性成分,主要通过调节肠道菌群、抑制炎症和抗氧化应激等多方面发挥治疗UC的作用,为临床合理用药提供科学依据。

A review on the application,phytochemistry and pharmacology of Polygonatum odoratum,an edible medicinal plant

Polygonatum odoratum is distributed in several countries around the world as a medicinal and dual-use plant,and its rhizomes are used in China as a traditional Chinese medicine,also as vegetables,foods,functional foods or tea,with a history of application for more than 2000 years,with precise efficacy and no toxic side effects.However,few reviews are published on its chemical composition and its pharmacological effects.There are many components of P.odoratum,including steroidal saponins,homoisoflavanones,isoflavones,flavonoids,alkaloids,lignin,volatile oil,polysaccharides and lectins.In this review,recent advances of the history and consumption of P.odoratum,the types of chemical components,and the pharmacological effects manifested in antitumour and anticancer,antioxidant,slowing senescence,relieving fatigue and immune regulation are summarized and discussed.Presumably,the main active ingredients of the plant are homoisoflavanones,polysaccharides,saponins,and lectins.The review provides a reference for its development and utilization in the field of functional food and medicine in the future.

天然萜类木脂素化学结构及药理作用研究进展

萜类木脂素是自然界中一类由萜与木脂素骈合而成的天然化学成分,主要来源于木兰科木兰属和芸香科花椒属植物,按照结构特征主要可分为半萜木脂素、单萜木脂素、倍半萜木脂素三种类型。现代研究发现,萜类木脂素具有神经保护、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗2型糖尿病、抗菌、抗氧化和杀虫等药理作用。本文对天然萜类木脂素的植物来源、结构类型以及药理作用进行了系统综述,以期为该类成分的进一步研究开发提供有益参考。

珍稀濒危药用植物贺兰山丁香资源概况、化学成分和药理作用研究进展

目的:综述珍稀濒危药用植物贺兰山丁香的资源概况、用药沿革、化学成分以及药理作用研究进展,以期为其资源保护和可持续利用奠定基础。方法:借助爱如生基本古籍库、中国知网、SciFinder、GeenMedicial等中外文数据库,查阅贺兰山丁香的资源概况、用药沿革、化学成分以及药理作用相关文献资料,梳理归纳,并形成综述。结果:贺兰山丁香是羽叶丁香在贺兰山地区特有变种,是国家三级重点保护珍稀濒危植物,以粗枝和根入蒙药,蒙药名阿拉善-阿嘎如,又名山沉香,用于胸闷气短、心肌缺血等心肺疾病。山沉香富含挥发油类、木质素类、萜类化合物等成分,具有治疗心肌缺血、抗血小板凝集、抗氧化、镇静、镇痛、抗炎、抗菌等药理活性,常作为沉香替代品。结论:珍稀濒危药用植物贺兰山丁香入药历史悠久且疗效确切,亟待开展可持续利用研究。

南药牛大力开发与利用研究进展

牛大力是我国“四大南药”之一,是岭南地区重要的药用植物。近些年来,牛大力人工种植面积的增加,缓和了野生牛大力供不应求的局面,但目前人工种植依然存在品种选择和病虫害等问题。本文通过查阅大量的国内外相关文献,对牛大力种质资源质量评价、栽培模式进行总结分析,以及对目前牛大力化学成分及其药理作用和栽种过程中的病虫害情况进行整合和综述。本文以期能够寻找牛大力优良种质资源,提高牛大力的产量与质量,并为牛大力内生菌群的研究提供方向,为牛大力的开发与利用提供理论依据。

铁皮石斛生态种植及药理应用分析

本文分析了铁皮石斛的生态种植技术,包括肥料施用、病虫害防治、土壤管理及其环境效益;阐述了铁皮石斛的主要药理作用,包括免疫调节、抗炎作用、心血管保护、抗氧化和抗衰老等,以及其在功能性食品、中医药及临床中的具体应用;针对铁皮石斛生态种植和应用中面临的技术、市场和资金等挑战,基于铁皮石斛农业与医学有机结合的视角,从技术创新、标准化建设、资金与政策支持、多学科协作及国际合作5个方面对其未来发展进行展望。旨在提升铁皮石斛的产品质量和市场竞争力。

Biotechnology Applications of Plant Callus Cultures

In ethnopharmacology, and especially in traditional Chinese medicine, medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years. Similarly, agricultural plants have been used throughout the history of mankind. The recent development of the genetic engineering of plants to produce plants with desirable features adds a new and growing dimension to humanity’s usage of plants. The biotechnology of plants has come of age and a plethora of bioengineering applications in this context have been delineated during the past few decades. Callus cultures and suspension cell cultures offer a wide range of usages in pharmacology and pharmacy (including Chinese medicine), as well as in agriculture and horticulture. This review provides a timely overview of the advancements that have been made with callus cultures in these scientific fields. Genetically modified callus cultures by gene technological techniques can be used for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites and for the generation of plants with improved resistance against salt, draft, diseases, and pests. Although the full potential of callus plant culture technology has not yet been exploited, the time has come to develop and market more callus culture-based products.

A review on pharmacological and analytical aspects of diosgenin:a concise report

Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin found in plants such as Dioscorea nipponoca,Solanum incanum,Solanum xanthocarpum and Trigonella foenum graecum.Diosgenin,biologically active phytochemicals have been used for the treatment of various types of disorder such as leukemia,inflammation,hypercholesterolemia and cancer.It is also able to prevent bone loss to the same extent as that of oestrogen.It is a typical initial intermediate for synthesis of steroidal compounds,oral contraceptives and sex hormones.Dioscorea,Costus and Trigonella are mainly used for the production of diosgenin.On the basis of literature survey it divulges that diosgenin has very impressive pharmacological profile and could be used as a medicine for the treatment of different types of disorders in the future.Thus,the present work aims to provide collective information in concern with its pharmacological activity and phytoanalytical techniques.This review will be beneficial to researches for the development of an alternative method for the treatment of innumerable diseases from diosgenin.

Advances in Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activity of Pholidota spp.

In recent years,a large number of studies have shown that the effective compounds extracted from Pholidota spp.have pharmacological activities such as anesthesia,analgesia,anti-fatigue,anti-hypoxia,anti-tumor and anti-oxidant.Because of significant activity and small side effects,Pholidota spp.have attracted much attention.In this article,the effective chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of Pholidota spp.are reviewed comprehensively in order to provide reference for the further rational development of Pholidota spp.and development of new drugs.