Investigations on MoS_(2)plasma by infra-red pulsed laser irradiation in high vacuum

MoS_(2)targets were irradiated by infra-red(IR)pulsed laser in a high vacuum to determine hot plasma parameters,atomic,molecular and ion emission,and angular and charge state distributions.In this way,pulsed laser deposition(PLD)of thin films on graphene oxide substrates was also realized.An Nd:YAG laser,operating at the 1064 nm wavelength with a 5 ns pulse duration and up to a 1 J pulse energy,in a single pulse or at a 10 Hz repetition rate,was employed.Ablation yield was measured as a function of the laser fluence.Plasma was characterized using different analysis techniques,such as time-of-flight measurements,quadrupole mass spectrometry and fast CCD visible imaging.The so-produced films were characterized by composition,thickness,roughness,wetting ability,and morphology.When compared to the MoS_(2)targets,they show a slight decrease of S with respect to Mo,due to higher ablation yield,low fusion temperature and high sublimation in vacuum.The pulsed IR laser deposited Mo Sx(with 1<x<2)films are uniform,with a thickness of about 130 nm,a roughness of about 50 nm and a higher wettability than the MoS_(2)targets.Some potential applications of the pulsed IR laser-deposited Mo Sx films are also presented and discussed.

Self-repairing Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)coatings fabricated through plasma electrolytic oxidation with various cathodic pulse parameters

The influence of cathodic pulse parameters was evaluated on plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings grown on 7075 aluminum alloy in a silicate-based electrolyte containing potassium titanyl oxalate(PTO)using pulsed bipolar waveforms with various cathodic duty cycles and cathodic current densities.The coatings were characterized by SEM,EDS,and XRD.EIS was applied to investigate the electrochemical properties.It was observed that the increase of cathodic duty cycle and cathodic current density from 20%and 6 A/dm^(2) to 40%and 12 A/dm^(2) enhances the growth rate of the inner layer from 0.22 to 0.75μm/min.Adding PTO into the bath showed a fortifying effect on influence of the cathodic pulse and the mentioned change of cathodic pulse parameters,resulting in an increase of the inner layer growth rate from 0.25 to 1.10μm/min.Based on EDS analysis,Si and Ti were incorporated dominantly in the upper parts of the coatings.XRD technique merely detectedγ-Al_(2)O_(3),and there were no detectable peaks related to Ti and Si compounds.However,the EIS results confirmed that the incorporation of Ti^(4+)into alumina changed the electronic properties of the coating.The coatings obtained from the bath containing PTO using the bipolar waveforms with a cathodic duty cycle of 40%and current density values higher than 6 A/dm^(2) showed highly appropriate electrochemical behavior during 240 d of immersion due to an efficient repairing mechanism.Regarding the effects of studied parameters on the coating properties,the roles of cathodic pulse parameters and PTO in the PEO process were highlighted.

Efficient simultaneous removal of diesel particulate matter and hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust gas at low temperatures over Cu–CeO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) coupling with dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Diesel particulate matter(DPM)and hydrocarbons(HCs)emitted from diesel engines have a negative affect on air quality and human health.Catalysts for oxidative removal of DPM and HCs are currently used universally but their low removal efficiency at low temperatures is a problem.In this study,Cu-doped CeO_(2) loaded on Al_(2)O_(3) coupled with plasma was used to enhance low-temperature oxidation of DPM and HCs.Removals of DPM and HCs at 200℃ using the catalyst were as high as 90%with plasma but below 30%without plasma.Operando plasma diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry was conducted to reveal the functional mechanism of the oxygen species in the DPM oxidation process.It was found that Cu-CeO_(2) can promote the formation of adsorbed oxygen(M^(+)-O_(2)^(-))and terminal oxygen(M=O),which can react with DPM to form carbonates that are easily converted to gaseous CO_(2).Our results provide a practical plasma catalysis technology to obtain simultaneous removals of DPM and HCs at low temperatures.M+O-2Diesel particulate matter(DPM)and hydrocarbons(HCs)emitted from diesel engines have a negative affect on air quality and human health.Catalysts for oxidative removal of DPM and HCs are currently used universally but their low removal efficiency at low temperatures is a problem.In this study,Cu-doped CeO_(2) loaded on Al_(2)O_(3) coupled with plasma was used to enhance low-temperature oxidation of DPM and HCs.Removals of DPM and HCs at 200°C using the catalyst were as high as 90%with plasma but below 30%without plasma.Operando plasma diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry was conducted to reveal the functional mechanism of the oxygen species in the DPM oxidation process.It was found that Cu–CeO_(2) can promote the formation of adsorbed oxygen(–)and terminal oxygen(M=O),which can react with DPM to form carbonates that are easily converted to gaseous CO_(2).Our results provide a practical plasma catalysis technology to obtain simultaneous removals of DPM and HCs at low temperatures.

Plasma-assisted aerogel interface engineering enables uniform Zn^(2+)flux and fast desolvation kinetics toward zinc metal batteries

The poor reversibility of Zn anodes induced by dendrite growth,surface passivation,and corrosion,severely hinders the practical applicability of Zn metal batteries.To address these issues,a plasmaassisted aerogel(PAG)interface engineering was proposed as efficient ion transport modulator that can simultaneously regulate uniform Zn^(2+)flux and desolvation behavior during battery operation.The PAG with ordered mesopores acted as an ion sieve to homogenize Zn deposition and accelerate Zn^(2+)flux,which is favorable for corrosion resistance and dendrite suppression.Importantly,the plasma-assisted aerogel with abundant hydrophilic groups can facilitate the desolvation kinetics of Zn^(2+)due to the multiple hydrogen-bonding interaction with the activated water molecules,thus accelerating the Zn^(2+)migration kinetics.Consequently,the Zn/Zn cell assembled with PAG-modified separator demonstrates stable plating and stripping behavior(over 1400 h at 1 mA cm^(-2))and high Coulombic efficiency(99.8%at1 mA cm^(-2)after 1100 cycles),and the Zn‖MnO_(2)full cell shows excellent long-term cycling stability and maintains a high capacity of 154.9 mA h g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This study provides a feasible approach for the large-scale fabrication of aerogel functionalized separators to realize ultra-stable Zn metal batteries.

Plasma Surface Modification of Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Solving intrinsic structural problems such as low conductivity is the main challenge to promote the commercial application of Li_(2)TiSiO_(5).In this study,Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) is synthesized by the sol-gelmethod,and the surface modification of Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) is carried out at different temperatures using low-temperature plasma to enhance its lithium storage performance.The morphological structure and electrochemical tests demonstrate that plasma treatment can improve the degree of agglomeration.The peak position of the plasma-treated Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) is shifted to a lower angle,and the shift angle increases with increasing sputtering power.Li_(2)TiSiO_(5) after 300 W bombardment shows excellent capacity(144.7 mA·hg^(−1)after 500 cycles at 0.1 Ag^(−1))and rate performance(140 mA·hg^(−1)at 5 Ag^(−1)).Electrochemical analysis indicates that excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the enhancement of electronic and ionic conductivity by plasma bombardment.

Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholine and Phospholipase A2 Activity in Chagas Disease Patients: A Comparative Analysis

Chagas disease (CD) affects 21 countries in the Americas and is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. A key molecule involved in CD is lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which has been studied in various contexts: in the saliva of insect vectors, during the establishment of infection in the vertebrate host, and for the parasite itself. This lipid can be produced by the action of phospholipases A2 (PLA2), enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids releasing fatty acids and lysophospholipids, such as LPC. This study investigates LPC levels and PLA2 activities in the plasma of CD patients and compares these levels with those in healthy individuals and patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). Plasma from 64 CD patients, 54 healthy individuals, and 16 IDCM patients were analyzed. LPC levels and the activity of two types of phospholipase A2: secreted (sPLA2) and lipoprotein-associated (Lp-PLA2) were measured. LPC levels and sPLA2 activity were similar between CD patients and the control groups. However, there were notable differences in LPC levels and sPLA2 activity between subgroups of CD patients and IDCM patients. This study is the first to identify LPC in patients with CD across various stages of the disease. It also offers new insights into the biochemical changes observed in the plasma of patients with IDCM.

Study on the Hook Effect in the Detection of Beta2-Microglobulin with Different Reagents in Fully Automated Biochemical Analyzers

Objective:To investigate the hook effect in the detection of beta2-microglobulin(β2-MG)with different reagents as well as on two fully automated biochemical analyzers and their solutions.Methods:Using immunoturbidimetric assay forβ2-MG as the research object,β2-MG levels were detected by different concentration gradients ofβ2-microglobulin samples in Liedemann,Mack,and Myriad reagents of three manufacturers on two automatic biochemical analyzers,and the difference of the hook effect was comparatively analyzed.Results:Leadman reagent showed the hook effect on the Beckman AU5800 automated biochemistry analyzer,while both Maccura and Mindray reagents did not show the hook effect.After the experiments,we found the limit value of the pre-zone check of Leadman reagent,and changed the parameters of the instrument,when the limit value of the pre-zone check was reached,the instrument automatically diluted the specimen five times and then detected it again.After changing the parameters of the instrument,the correlation between the three methods of detecting samples of different concentrations was r>0.99.Conclusion:Before selecting the application of immunoturbidimetric reagents,we have to carry out the risk assessment of the hook effect and selectively set the parameters of the pre-zone check based on the highest concentration that may occur in the clinic;for the items that may have the hook effect,we have to selectively set the parameters of the pre-zone check when the ratio of average reaction rate and the immediate reaction rate is at the limit value,and the phenomenon of antigen excess may occur,the instrument will carry out automatic dilution before detection,so as to avoid the issuance of erroneous results of high-value samples due to the hook effect.

CO2超脉冲激光联合离子束plasma治疗面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕的效果

观察在面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕治疗中实施CO2超脉冲激光联合离子束plasma。方法 面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕患者共计74例(2022年8月份至2023年12月份),随机分组为对照组(CO2超脉冲激光治疗法)和观察组(CO2超脉冲激光联合离子束plasma治疗法)。结果 不良反应发生率、VSS评分及VAS评分、TEWL及油脂评分、临床症状恢复时间观察组低于对照组,皮肤含水量、治疗有效率观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在面部痤疮凹陷性瘢痕疾病治疗中实施CO2超脉冲激光联合离子束plasma治疗法,可预防患者出现不良反应,改善临床症状,疾病临床治疗效果突出。

阴极电流密度对6061铝合金在含Na_(2)WO_(4)电解液中微弧氧化膜结构和耐磨性能的影响

目的 研究恒流模式下阴极电流密度对6061铝合金在含Na2WO4的电解液中制备的微弧氧化膜厚度、形貌、相组成及耐磨性能的影响。方法 固定阳极电流密度为5.0 A/dm^(2),阴极电流密度分别为0、1.25、2.5、3.75、5.0 A/dm2,对6061铝合金进行微弧氧化40 min。用涡流测厚仪测量了氧化膜的厚度,用扫描电镜观察了微弧氧化膜的表面形貌和截面形貌,用能谱分析仪分析了氧化膜的表面成分,用X射线衍射分析仪分析了微弧氧化膜的相组成,用往复式摩擦磨损试验机测试了氧化膜的耐磨性能。结果 随着阴极电流密度的增加,氧化膜内的W含量逐渐减少,氧化膜颜色逐渐变浅,氧化膜厚度逐渐增加。微弧氧化膜的主要组成相为α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3。当阴极电流密度从0 A/dm2增加到3.75 A/dm2时,氧化膜内孔洞的数量和尺寸逐渐减少,孔洞到氧化膜/基体界面的距离逐渐增加,氧化膜的耐磨性能逐渐提升。当阴极电流密度为3.75 A/dm2时,氧化膜的磨损率最低,仅为1.07×10-4mm3/(N·m)。但阴极电流密度增加到5.0 A/dm2时,氧化膜表层出现孔洞和剥落,耐磨性能下降。结论 阴极电流的加入有助于增加6061铝合金微弧氧化膜的厚度,提高氧化膜的致密性和耐磨性能,但过高的阴极电流会导致氧化膜表层出现孔洞,降低耐磨性能。

2型糖尿病肾病患者血浆D二聚体水平的检测及临床意义分析

目的 评估血浆D二聚体水平的检测应用在2型糖尿病肾病患者中的作用和临床意义。方法 回顾性分析厦门市中医院在2021年1月—2022年1月期间收治的120例2型糖尿病肾病患者的全部病历资料,按照尿微量白蛋白排泄率(Urinary Albumin Ejection Rate, UACR)予以分组,分为正常蛋白尿组(n=40,UACR<20μg/min)、微量蛋白尿组(n=40,UACR在20~200μg/min之间)、大量尿蛋白组(n=40,UACR>200μg/min),每组40例。选取同期健康体检者40例作为对照组,全部均接受血浆D二聚体水平检查,分析效果与临床意义。结果 大量尿蛋白组的D二聚体高于微量蛋白尿组、正常蛋白尿组、对照组,且4组D二聚体水平对比,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。血浆D二聚体与2型糖尿病肾病患者蛋白尿水平呈正相关(r=0.253)。结论 2型糖尿病肾病患者蛋白尿水平越高,血浆D二聚体水平越高,血浆D二聚体可以作为检测糖尿病肾病患者疾病进展的重要参考指标。

玉液汤加减联合二甲双胍和德谷门冬双胰岛素对2型糖尿病气阴两虚证患者临床疗效观察

目的:对玉液汤加减联合二甲双胍和德谷门冬双胰岛素对2型糖尿病(T2DM)气阴两虚证患者的临床疗效进行探讨。方法:将60例T2DM患者随机分为对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=30),对照组采用二甲双胍联合德谷门冬双胰岛素治疗,观察组在此基础上应用玉液汤加减治疗,比较2组治疗后的中医证候积分、糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PG)、日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-IS)。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(93.33%vs 86.67%);观察组中医证候积分、Hb Alc、FPG、2h PG、MAGE和HOMA-IR等指标均低于对照组,HOMA-IS高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:玉液汤加减联合二甲双胍和德谷门冬双胰岛素对2型糖尿病气阴两虚证患者疗效显著,可有效控制患者的血糖并改善胰岛功能。

CO_(2)电弧等离子加热器电热特性研究

对管状阴极轴线式CO_(2)电弧等离子加热器的电热特性进行了实验研究,得到了电流、气体流量、励磁电流和前电极长径比对电弧加热器的伏安特性和热效率的影响规律。采用相似理论模型,对实验数据进行回归分析,得到了加热器伏安特性和热损失系数的近似表达式。研究结果发现,CO_(2)气体流量和电弧电流对加热器的伏安特性和热效率都具有显著的影响,前电极的长径比和励磁电流则只对热效率具有影响。电弧加热器伏安特性和热损失系数的回归公式计算值与实验数据一致性较好,伏安特性回归误差<10.0%,热损失系数回归误差<18.2%。

SPS烧结双主相Sm_(2)Co_(17)-Ce_(2)Co_(17)复合永磁体的微观组织

研究了放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺和退火温度对双主相Sm_(2)Co_(17)-Ce_(2)Co_(17)复合永磁体微观组织的影响。结果表明:制备双主相Sm_(2)Co_(17)-Ce_(2)Co_(17)复合永磁体的最佳SPS工艺为:烧结温度750℃、压强64 MPa、烧结时间10 min,这样有利于减少稀土元素之间的扩散。退火可使烧结后磁体中存在的非晶相晶化。退火温度越高,双主相磁体中的稀土元素之间越容易相互扩散,Ce原子易扩散到Sm_(2)Co_(17)相中取代Sm原子,而Sm原子扩散到Ce_(2)Co_(17)相中取代Ce原子的机会就相对较少些,且在Sm_(2)Co_(17)相与Ce_(2)Co_(17)相的边界处形成一个过渡的富稀土区。

点阵CO_(2)激光联合PRP治疗面部外伤缝合后瘢痕临床观察

目的:探究点阵CO_(2)激光联合富血小板血浆(Platelet-rich plasma,PRP)治疗面部外伤缝合后瘢痕的效果。方法:选择2020年3月-2022年3月笔者医院收治的152例面部外伤患者,按随机数字表法分为激光组50例、PRP组51例和联合组51例。激光组采用超脉冲CO_(2)点阵激光治疗,PRP组采用PRP微针注射治疗,联合组采用点阵CO_(2)激光联合PRP治疗,比较三组患者疗效、炎性因子水平、创面处与正常皮肤厚度差、温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)评分。结果:治疗6个月后,联合组总有效率高于PRP组、激光组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗3个月、6个月、1年后三组患者瘢痕与正常皮肤厚度差逐渐下降,联合组创面处与正常皮肤厚度差均小于PRP组、激光组(P<0.05),PRP组创面处与正常皮肤厚度差均小于激光组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗3个月、6个月、1年后三组VSS评分下降,联合组VSS评分均低于PRP组、激光组(P<0.05),PRP组VSS评分均低于激光组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,三组肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)均有不同程度下降,联合组炎性因子水平低于PRP组、激光组(P<0.05),PRP组炎性因子水平低于激光组(P<0.05)。结论:应用点阵CO_(2)激光联合PRP治疗面部外伤缝合患者,防治瘢痕疗效显著,炎症水平降低,瘢痕颜色、厚度、质地均明显改善。

Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基复合材料的研究进展

Ti_(3)SiC_(2)作为一种新型金属陶瓷材料,集金属和陶瓷特性于一身,如具有高热导率、高熔点、高屈服强度、良好的热稳定性、高弹性模量、优异的抗热震性等。但纯Ti_(3)SiC_(2)材料在高于1100℃时抗氧化性较差,同时由于高温塑性变形导致其在高温下的强度降低,其使用范围受到限制。目前,一般通过引入增强相来制备综合性能优异的Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基复合材料。重点综述了近年来Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基复合材料的研究现状,分析了常见的几种Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基复合材料的制备方法、增强相及复合材料的各项性能,并提出了进一步的发展方向。

非均匀电场条件下CO_(2)等离子体流注的模拟研究

CO_(2)等离子体中存在大量电子碰撞反应和化学反应,对CO_(2)流注放电进行深入仿真相当困难。建立针-平板电极非均匀电场模型,采用等离子体流体模型和自适应网格细化方法,对CO_(2)等离子体流注进行数值模拟研究。研究了外加电压、放电气压等参数对CO_(2)流注中的空间场强变化、流注中荷电粒子分布、流注速度等参数的影响。文章有助于深入理解CO_(2)等离子体利用技术中流注的形成过程。

Plasma-based CO_(2) conversion:How to correctly analyze the performance?

Plasma-based CO_(2)conversion is promising for carbon capture and utilization.However,inconsistent reporting of the performance metrics makes it difficult to compare plasma processes systematically,complicates elucidating the underlying mechanisms and compromises further development of this technology.Therefore,this critical review summarizes the correct definitions for gas conversion in plasma reactors and highlights common errors and inconsistencies observed throughout literature.This is done for pure CO_(2)splitting,dry reforming of methane and CO_(2)hydrogenation.We demonstrate that the change in volumetric flow rate is a critical aspect,inherent to these reactions,that is often not correctly taken into account.For dry reforming of methane and CO_(2)hydrogenation,we also demonstrate inconsistent reporting of energy efficiency,and through numerical examples,we show the significance of these deviations.Furthermore,we discuss how to measure changes in volumetric flow rate,supported by data from two experimental examples,showing that the sensitivity inherent to a standard component and a flow meter is essential to consider when deriving the performance metrics.Finally,some general recommendations and good practices are provided.This paper aims to be a comprehensive guideline for authors,to encourage more consistent calculations and stimulate the further development of this technology.

放电等离子烧结参数对U_(3)Si_(2)芯块力学和热学性能影响的研究

U_(3)Si_(2)是轻水堆中最具前景的事故容错核燃料之一,有望在未来取代UO2核燃料而被广泛使用。目前,采用放电等离子烧结(Spark Plasma Sintering,SPS)技术制备U_(3)Si_(2)芯块的研究已被广泛报道,但SPS参数对芯块性能的影响还尚不明确。本文采用SPS技术制备了U_(3)Si_(2)芯块,并研究了不同烧结温度(1000~1300℃)和压力(30~90 MPa)对芯块的力学和热学性能的影响。利用激光导热仪测量了芯块的热扩散率,并计算出芯块的热导率。通过纳米压痕仪测量芯块的力学性能,包括硬度、杨氏模量和断裂韧性。研究结果表明:所制得的U_(3)Si_(2)芯块热导率在27~700℃范围内均呈现线性增加的趋势,并随着烧结温度和压力的升高而增大;芯块的硬度和杨氏模量随烧结温度升高而增大,且随着压力的升高呈现先增加后平缓的趋势,并在60 MPa趋于平缓;芯块的断裂韧性随烧结温度升高而降低,并随着烧结压力的升高而增大。基于上述结果,提出了优化的SPS参数。本研究将为高性能U_(3)Si_(2)燃料的制备提供参考。

Detailed analysis and simulation verification for reconstruction of plasma optical boundary with spectrometric technique on HL-2M tokamak

The plasma optical boundary reconstruction technique based on Hommen's theory is promising for future tokamaks with high parameters. In this work, we conduct detailed analysis and simulation verification to estimate the ‘logic loophole' of this technique. The finite-width effect and unpredictable errors reduce the technique's reliability, which leads to this loophole. Based on imaging theory, the photos of a virtual camera are simulated by integrating the assumed luminous intensity of plasma. Based on Hommen's theory, the plasma optical boundary is reconstructed from the photos. Comparing the reconstructed boundary with the one assumed, the logic loophole and its two effects are quantitatively estimated. The finite-width effect is related to the equivalent thickness of the luminous layer, which is generally about 2-4 cm but sometimes larger. The level of unpredictable errors is around 0.65 cm. The technique based on Hommen's theory is generally reliable, but finite-width effect and unpredictable errors have to be taken into consideration in some scenarios. The parameters of HL-2M are applied in this work.

Nitrogen cold plasma treatment stabilizes Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) electrocatalysts to enhance CO_(2) to C2 conversion

Cu-based materials are ideal catalysts for CO_(2) electrocatalytic reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) into multicarbon products.However,such reactions require stringent conditions on local environments of catalyst surfaces,which currently are the global pressing challenges.Here,a stabilized activation of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)-onAg interface by N_(2) cold plasma treatment was developed for improving Faradaic efficiency(FE) of CO_(2)RR into C2 products.The resultant Ag@Cu-CuN_x exhibits a C2 FE of 72% with a partial current density of-14.9 mA cm^(-2) at-1.0 V vs.RHE(reversible hydrogen electrode).Combining density functional theory(DFT) and experimental investigations,we unveiled that Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) species can be co ntrollably tu ned by the incorporation of nitrogen to form CuN_x on Ag surface,i.e.,Ag@Cu-CuN_x.This strategy enhances ^(*)CO intermediates generation and accelerates C-C coupling both thermodynamically and kinetically.The intermediates O^(*)C^(*)CO,^(*)COOH,and ^(*)CO were detected by in-situ attenuated total internal reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy(ATR-SEIRAS).The uncovered CO_(2)RR-into-C2 products were carried out along CO_(2)→^(*)COOH→^(*)CO→O^(*)C^(*)CO→^(*)C_(2)H_(3)O→^(*)C_(2)H_(4)O→ C_(2)H_(5)OH(or ^(*)C_(2)H_(3)O→^(*)O+C_(2)H_(4)) paths over Ag@Cu-CuN_x electrocatalyst.This work provides a new approach to design Cu-based electrocatalysts with high-efficiency,mild condition,and stable CO_(2)RR to C2 products.