Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non- biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty o...Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non- biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept （WTA） to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone, It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and W＇FP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to select an efficient and non-pol-luting method to kil the larva of fruit fly in citrus. [Method] The larvae of Bactrocera minax in citrus fruits were suffocated using plastic b...[Objective] The aim of this study was to select an efficient and non-pol-luting method to kil the larva of fruit fly in citrus. [Method] The larvae of Bactrocera minax in citrus fruits were suffocated using plastic bags with or without a certain concentration of pesticide. Then, the mortality of in different treatments was measured 24, 48, 60, 240 and 480 h later. Final y, variance analysis was carried out. [Result] There was no significant difference in the mortality between the two treatments： suffocating the larvae with sealed plastic bags containing no or a certain concentration of pesticide 5 d. later. The former had high mortality, but also was economic and without any pol ution. The orange maggots were more easier to be kil ed in sealed plastic bags. [Conclusion] Suffocating orange maggots with no-insec-ticide plastic bag is economic, efficient and has no pol ution to the environment.展开更多
Environment is facing lots of problems mainly caused by plastic bags.Plastic bags have very harmful effect on environment as they don't dispose of.Recycling is a process in which the waste material can be reused a...Environment is facing lots of problems mainly caused by plastic bags.Plastic bags have very harmful effect on environment as they don't dispose of.Recycling is a process in which the waste material can be reused and re-created to give it a new look which also saves money and make environment eco-friendly.This study focuses on conveying eco-friendly fashion concept to the consumers.Inspired by plastic bags'shape and patterns,the author creates a new method of pattern making for female clothing which decorated on different materials.Through design practices and draping experiments,a new ready-to-wear collection shows the more possibility of eco-friendly idea in fashion industry.展开更多
This study used the Binary Logistic regression model to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the use of plastic bags in the daily life of people in the Linh Nam ward. This study notes that households with h...This study used the Binary Logistic regression model to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the use of plastic bags in the daily life of people in the Linh Nam ward. This study notes that households with higher incomes and higher levels of education tend to be more willing to pay. In addition, those who do not have access to information about the harmful effects of plastic bags and receive a higher proposed price often refuse to pay.展开更多
You’ve bought what you need.The grocery cashier asks,"Will that be paper or plastic?You reply"Plastic,please."This seems like a simple question and there are plenty of reasons we choose plastic:easier ...You’ve bought what you need.The grocery cashier asks,"Will that be paper or plastic?You reply"Plastic,please."This seems like a simple question and there are plenty of reasons we choose plastic:easier to carry,lighter than paper bags,possibly less damaging to the environment,less expensive to the shop owners,able to be used as trash bag。展开更多
The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic...The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samples from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of plastic bags are prepared and subjected to physical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical properties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the presence of hydrocarbon increases their physical and mechanical properties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical properties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a period of time beyond 24 hours.展开更多
This study examined the effect of reducing disposable plastic checkout bags used in supermarkets, convenience stores, and so on in Japan. Considering that even when these checkout bags are abolished, alternative waste...This study examined the effect of reducing disposable plastic checkout bags used in supermarkets, convenience stores, and so on in Japan. Considering that even when these checkout bags are abolished, alternative waste bags should be newly produced, because these checkout bags have been reused as household waste bags so far, and the corresponding amount of oil is still necessary to produce them, the amount of oil saved by this bag reduction was found to be 0.2 L/person/year at most. Further, it was demonstrated that the necessity to purchase substitute bags may increase the household and financial burden on consumers.展开更多
In accordance with a revision of the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, there is an accelerating trend towards charging for plastic shopping bags （PSBs） in Japan for the purpose of reducing their discharge. The...In accordance with a revision of the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, there is an accelerating trend towards charging for plastic shopping bags （PSBs） in Japan for the purpose of reducing their discharge. The objectives of this research were to gauge, by means of a questionnaire survey, the opinions of retailers with regard to charging for PSBs, and to consider future directions for reducing the quantity of waste discharged. A questionnaire survey on charging for PSBs was conducted for retail stores in Shizuoka City. The survey was carried out in two phases. The results of the first phase （August to October 2008） showed that supermarkets were generally positive, while conversely other retailer types were negative. The results of the second phase （November to December, 2010）, targeting only supermarkets that had introduced charging after the first survey, showed that there was no major confusion and the shift proceeded relatively smoothly. In addition, the number of customers did not decline on account of charging, and the ratio of shoppers bringing their own reusable ＂eco bags＂ jumped dramatically. On these accounts, it is evident that charging for PSBs is an effective means of reducing usage of PSBs. The authors view it as important for the relevant governmental agencies to work towards promoting charging at retailers and simultaneously repeatedly explaining to consumers the necessity for charging.展开更多
文摘Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non- biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept （WTA） to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone, It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and W＇FP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to select an efficient and non-pol-luting method to kil the larva of fruit fly in citrus. [Method] The larvae of Bactrocera minax in citrus fruits were suffocated using plastic bags with or without a certain concentration of pesticide. Then, the mortality of in different treatments was measured 24, 48, 60, 240 and 480 h later. Final y, variance analysis was carried out. [Result] There was no significant difference in the mortality between the two treatments： suffocating the larvae with sealed plastic bags containing no or a certain concentration of pesticide 5 d. later. The former had high mortality, but also was economic and without any pol ution. The orange maggots were more easier to be kil ed in sealed plastic bags. [Conclusion] Suffocating orange maggots with no-insec-ticide plastic bag is economic, efficient and has no pol ution to the environment.
文摘Environment is facing lots of problems mainly caused by plastic bags.Plastic bags have very harmful effect on environment as they don't dispose of.Recycling is a process in which the waste material can be reused and re-created to give it a new look which also saves money and make environment eco-friendly.This study focuses on conveying eco-friendly fashion concept to the consumers.Inspired by plastic bags'shape and patterns,the author creates a new method of pattern making for female clothing which decorated on different materials.Through design practices and draping experiments,a new ready-to-wear collection shows the more possibility of eco-friendly idea in fashion industry.
文摘This study used the Binary Logistic regression model to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the use of plastic bags in the daily life of people in the Linh Nam ward. This study notes that households with higher incomes and higher levels of education tend to be more willing to pay. In addition, those who do not have access to information about the harmful effects of plastic bags and receive a higher proposed price often refuse to pay.
文摘You’ve bought what you need.The grocery cashier asks,"Will that be paper or plastic?You reply"Plastic,please."This seems like a simple question and there are plenty of reasons we choose plastic:easier to carry,lighter than paper bags,possibly less damaging to the environment,less expensive to the shop owners,able to be used as trash bag。
文摘The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samples from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of plastic bags are prepared and subjected to physical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical properties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the presence of hydrocarbon increases their physical and mechanical properties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical properties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a period of time beyond 24 hours.
文摘This study examined the effect of reducing disposable plastic checkout bags used in supermarkets, convenience stores, and so on in Japan. Considering that even when these checkout bags are abolished, alternative waste bags should be newly produced, because these checkout bags have been reused as household waste bags so far, and the corresponding amount of oil is still necessary to produce them, the amount of oil saved by this bag reduction was found to be 0.2 L/person/year at most. Further, it was demonstrated that the necessity to purchase substitute bags may increase the household and financial burden on consumers.
文摘In accordance with a revision of the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, there is an accelerating trend towards charging for plastic shopping bags （PSBs） in Japan for the purpose of reducing their discharge. The objectives of this research were to gauge, by means of a questionnaire survey, the opinions of retailers with regard to charging for PSBs, and to consider future directions for reducing the quantity of waste discharged. A questionnaire survey on charging for PSBs was conducted for retail stores in Shizuoka City. The survey was carried out in two phases. The results of the first phase （August to October 2008） showed that supermarkets were generally positive, while conversely other retailer types were negative. The results of the second phase （November to December, 2010）, targeting only supermarkets that had introduced charging after the first survey, showed that there was no major confusion and the shift proceeded relatively smoothly. In addition, the number of customers did not decline on account of charging, and the ratio of shoppers bringing their own reusable ＂eco bags＂ jumped dramatically. On these accounts, it is evident that charging for PSBs is an effective means of reducing usage of PSBs. The authors view it as important for the relevant governmental agencies to work towards promoting charging at retailers and simultaneously repeatedly explaining to consumers the necessity for charging.
