Pirfenidone suppresses the abnormal activation of human Müller cells after platelet-derived growth factor-BB stimulation

AIM: To determine the effect of pirfenidone on the activated human Müller cells by platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB). METHODS: The primary human Müller cells were separated from retinal tissues and established the pathogenic model by stimulated with PDGF-BB. The Müller cells behaviour of normal group and the model group was measured by MTT assay, Trypan blue assay, cell migration assay, and collagen contraction assay. The expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,-β2, and pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF) was estimated with realtime polymerase chain reaction(PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS: A pathogenic/proliferative model of Müller cells was established by stimulating normal cultured Müller cells with 10 ng/mL PDGF-BB for 48 h. After treated with 0.2 and 0.3 mg/mL pirfenidone, the proliferation, migration and collagen contraction was statistically significantly depressed in the model group compared with the normal groups. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were significantly down-regulated, while the PEDF expression was significantly up-regulated after treated with 0.2 and 0.3 mg/mL pirfenidone in the model group. CONCLUSION: Pirfenidone effectively suppress the proliferation, migration and collagen contraction of the human Müller cells stimulated with PDGF-BB through down-regulation of TGF-β1/TGF-β2 and up-regulation of PEDF.

Effect of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B on cat corneal endothelial cell viability mediated by adeno-associated virus

AIM: To transduce recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) gene adeno-associated virus(AAV) to in vitro cultured cat corneal endothelial cell (CEC) and observe the effect of the expressed PDGF-BB protein on the viability of cat CEC. METHODS: Cat cornea endothelium was torn under microscope and rapidly cultivated in DMEM to form single layer CEC and the passage 2 endothelial cells were used in this study. The recombinant human PDGF-B gene AAV was constructed and transduced into cat CEC directly. Three groups were as following: blank control group, AAV control group and recombinant AAV group. At 24 hours, 48 hours, and 5 days after transduction, total RNA was extracted from the CEC by Trizol and the expression of PDGF-B gene was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Viability of the transduced CEC was detected at 48 hours after transduction by MTT assay. Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. RESULTS: With the torn endothelium culture technique, we rapidly got single layer cat CEC. At 24 hours, 48 hours and 5 days after transduction, fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed there was no significant difference of the expressed PDGF-B gene mRNA between blank control group and AAV control group (P>0.05). In contrast, there were significant differences between two control groups and recombinant AAV group (P<0.05). MTT assay showed that in recombinant AAV group, the expressed PDGF-BB protein could promote the viability of cat CEC. Morphology observation showed at 48 hours after transduction, cells in CEC-AAV-PDGF-B group proliferated into bigger scales in regular triangle to hexagon shape with distinct boundary, while the number of cells was significantly less in the two control groups. CONCLUSION: The recombinant AAV-PDGF-B expresses biological active PDGF-BB protein in cat CEC, which promotes the viability and proliferation of cells.

Vascular endothelial growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor pathway is involved in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and directional migration toward gliomas

BACKGROUND： Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） induces bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell （BMSC） differentiation into vascular endothelial-like cells and promotes BMSC migration toward gliomas. However, the molecular mechanisms by which VEGF induces BMSC differentiation and migration remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE; To investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF） receptor （PDGFR） in BMSC differentiation and migration induced by VEGE DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel, controlled, in vitro experiment was performed at the Molecular Neurobiology ＆ Neural Regeneration and Repairing Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China from June 2008 to March 2009. MATERIALS： U87 glioma cells were purchased from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; mouse anti-human PDGFR and VEGF receptor （VEGFR） monoclonal antibodies were purchased from Peprotech, USA. METHODS： Isolated BMSCs were precultured with neutralizing antibody for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, PDGFR-α, and PDGFR-β to block biological activity of related receptors, followed by induced differentiation with 50μg/L VEGF. BMSCs induced with 50μg/L VEGF alone served as the VEGF-induced group. The control group remained untreated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell surface markers were identified by flow cytometry; BMSC surface cytokine receptor expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; the Transwell model was used to observe cell migration. RESULTS： After blocking the PDGFR, VEGF did not induce BMSC cell surface marker CD-31 or von Willebrand factor （vWF） expression. However, inhibition with VEGF receptor blocking agents, VEGF induced BMSCs to express CD-31 and vWE Following inhibition of the PDGFR, the number of cells migrating through the polycarbonate membrane Transwell chamber was decreased, as well as the number of BMSCs migrating to glioma cells. However, through the use of VEGF receptor blocking agents, the number of migrating cells remained unchanged. VEGF preculture increased the number of BMSCs migrating to gliomas. CONCLUSION： VEGF interacts with PDGFRs on the BMSC surface to attract BMSC directional migration and induce BMSC differentiation. The VEGF/PDGFR pathway participates in BMSC directional migration to glioma. VEGF pretreatment increased efficiency of BMSC migration to glioma.

Distribution of platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor expressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the adult rat brain

BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that NG2-positive glial cells in the adult rats are predominantly located in the gray and white matter of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Platelet-derived growth factor-a receptor （PDGF-αR） cells are a subset of oligodendrocytes, which are not as mature as NG2-positive cells. Distribution and migration of PDGF-αR-positive cells in the rat brain remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： Using immunohistochemical methods, the distribution of oligodendrocyte precursor cells （PDGF-αR-positive） was analyzed in the adult rat brain. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Immunohistochemical study was performed at the Department of Histology and Embryology of the Third Military Medical University from September 2007 to September 2008. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-PDGF-αR polyclonal antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Streptomycin-avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry kit was purchased from Zhongshan Goldenbridge Biotechnology, China. METHODS： Whole brains from 5 healthy, adult, Wistar rats were collected for immunohistochemistry, and the mean value of PDGF-αR-expressing cells was quantified. The absolute values were translated to ranked data of high, moderate, and low grades （high grade： 10 positive cells; moderate grade： 5-9 cells; low grade： 〈 5 cells in a 400 × visual field）. Based on the number of cell processes and branches, as well as the number of PDGF-αR-positive cells, in different regions, the cells were classified into three categories, i.e., type Ⅰ-Ⅲ. From type I to type Ill, the number of processes gradually increased. MAIN OUTCOME MEARSURES： The number and distribution of PDGF-αR-positive cells in different brain regions of adult rats. RESULTS： PDGF-αR-positive cells were located in the forebrain and midbrain, but not in the cerebellum or brainstem. In the olfactory bulb and hippocampus, a total of 60% PDGF-αR-positive cells were type Ⅰ and these cells were not mature as others. In the cerebral cortex, olfactory system, hippocampus, and optic chiasma, where neuronal bodies aggregated, approximately 40% of the PDGF-αR-positive cells were type Ⅱ, with few type Ⅲ cells. In the white matter, corpus callosum, basal nucleus, and thalamus, PDGF-αR-positive cell density was moderate. In the olfactory bulb and hippocampus, PDGF-αR-positive cell density was high. PDGF-αR-positive cells were not observed in the cerebellum or brainstem CONCLUSION： PDGF-αR-positive cells were aggregated in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus in the adult, rat brain, but few cells were detected in the cerebellum and brainstem.

Effects of interleukin-1α on platelet-derived growth factor release from bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells

The present study showed that, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) stimulateal cultured bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC) releasing growth factor which promoted bovine cerebral microvascular smooth muscle cells (BCMSMC) proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The mitogenic activity in conditioned medium of BCMEC stimulated by IL-1α was neutralized significantly by the antibody to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Imperatorin (Imp), iso-Imperatorin (iso Imp) and 6-(α,α-phenylacetylpiperazinyl)phenyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3 (2H)-pyridazinone (PMDP) did not affect the releasing of PDGF from IL-1α stimulated BCMEC, but inhibited the promotion of PDGF on the proliferation of BCMSMC. We concluded that the promotion of IL-1α on the proliferation of BCMSMC should be mediated by some growth factors, such as PDGF.

Prolonged propagation of rat neural stem cells relies on inhibiting autocrine/paracrine bone morphogenetic protein and platelet derived growth factor signals

Continuous expansion of rat neural stem cell lines has not been achieved due to proliferation arrest and spontaneous differentiation in vitro. In the current study, neural precursor cells derived from the subventricular zone of adult rats spontaneously underwent astroglial and oligodendroglial differentiation after limited propagation. This differentiation was largely induced by autocrine or paracrine bone morphogenetic protein and platelet derived growth factor signals. The results showed that, by inhibiting bone morphogenetic protein and platelet derived growth factor signals, adult rat neural precursor cells could be extensively cultured in vitro as tripotent stem cell lines. In addition to adult rat neural stem cells, we found that bone morphogenetic protein antagonists can promote the proliferation of human neural stem cells. Therefore, the present findings illustrated the role of autocrine or paracrine bone morphogenetic protein and platelet derived growth factor signaling in determining neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. By antagonizing both signals, the long-term propagation of rat neural stem cell lines can be achieved.

Expression of NG2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha in the developing neonatal rat brain

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha （PDGFRct） is a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system. NG2 is also considered a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, whether there are differences in the distribution and morphol- ogy of oligodendrocyte precursor cells labeled by NG2 or PDGFRa in the developing neonatal rat brain remains unclear. In this study, by immunohistochemical staining, NG2 positive （NG2＋） cells were ubiquitous in the molecular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal pyramidal layer, and polymorphic layer of the cerebral cortex, and corpus callosum, external capsule, piriform cortex, and medial septal nucleus. NG2~ cells were stellate or fusiform in shape with long processes that were progressively decreased and shortened over the course of brain development. The distribution and morphology of PDGFRct positive （PDGFRa＋） cells were coincident with NG2＋ cells. The co- localization of NG2 and PDGFRu in the cell bodies and processes of some cells was confirmed by double immunofluorescence labeling. Moreover, cells double-labeled for NG2 and PDGFRa were predominantly in the early postnatal stage of development. The numbers of NG2＋/PDGFRa＋ cells and PDGFRa＋ cells decreased, but the number of NG2＋ cells increased from postnatal days 3 to 14 in the developing brain. In addition, amoeboid microglial cells of the corpus callosum, newborn brain macrophages in the normal developing brain, did not express NG2 or PDGFRu, but NG2 expression was detected in amoeboid microglia after hypoxia. The present results suggest that NG2 and PDGFRct are specific markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells at different stages during early development. Additionally, the NG2 protein is involved in inflammatory and pathological processes of amoeboid microglial cells.

Decreased serum platelet derived growth factor BB levels in acute and increased in chronic pancreatitis

AIM: To examine circulating growth factor concentrations in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP), and walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN).

血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平对NSCLC患者靶向治疗效果的预测价值

目的分析血清趋化因子配体20(CCL-20)、血小板源性生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)、细胞角化素蛋白片段19(CYFRA21-1)对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者靶向治疗效果的预测价值。方法选取进行靶向治疗的79例中晚期NSCLC患者,均持续治疗2月,评价患者近期疗效。收集患者一般临床资料,并于治疗前后分别检测患者血清趋化因子CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平,比较不同疗效患者间相关资料差异,分析影响疗效的因素,并利用ROC分析血清趋化因子CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平预测近期疗效的价值。结果79例中晚期NSCLC患者均完成2个月的靶向治疗,治疗总有效率为45.57%(36/79)。有效组共36例,无效组(SD+PD)共43例,2组年龄、性别、病理类型相较无差异(P>0.05);有效组TNMⅢB期、高分化占比高于无效组(P<0.05);有效组治疗前后血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平均低于无效组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,治疗前血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平为影响疗效的独立因素(OR=9.574,10.903,11.156,P<0.05)。ROC分析结果显示,治疗前血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平均具有预测临床疗效的价值(AUC=0.775,0.896,0.669,P<0.05)。结论中晚期NSCLC患者血清CCL-20、PDGF-BB、CYFRA21-1水平与靶向治疗效果有关,可作为靶向治疗近期疗效评估的辅助性指标。

A partition-type tubular scaffold loaded with PDGF-releasing microspheres for spinal cord repair facilitates the directional migration and growth of cells

The best tissue-engineered spinal cord grafts not only match the structural characteristics of the spinal cord but also allow the seed cells to grow and function in situ.Platelet-derived growth factor（PDGF） has been shown to promote the migration of bone marrow stromal cells;however,cytokines need to be released at a steady rate to maintain a stable concentration in vivo.Therefore,new methods are needed to maintain an optimal concentration of cytokines over an extended period of time to effectively promote seed cell localization,proliferation and differentiation.In the present study,a partition-type tubular scaffold matching the anatomical features of the thoracic 8–10 spinal cord of the rat was fabricated using chitosan and then subsequently loaded with chitosan-encapsulated PDGF-BB microspheres（PDGF-MSs）.The PDGF-MS-containing scaffold was then examined in vitro for sustained-release capacity,biocompatibility,and its effect on neural progenitor cells differentiated in vitro from multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells（MUSE-NPCs）.We found that pre-freezing for 2 hours at-20°C significantly increased the yield of partition-type tubular scaffolds,and 30 μL of 25% glutaraldehyde ensured optimal crosslinking of PDGF-MSs.The resulting PDGF-MSs cumulatively released 52% of the PDGF-BB at 4 weeks in vitro without burst release.The PDGF-MS-containing tubular scaffold showed suitable biocompatibility towards MUSE-NPCs and could promote the directional migration and growth of these cells.These findings indicate that the combination of a partition-type tubular scaffold,PDGF-MSs and MUSENPCs may be a promising model for the fabrication of tissue-engineered spinal cord grafts.

延胡索乙素改善PDGF-BB诱导的VSMCs氧化应激损伤的机制

目的研究延胡索乙素(Thp)对血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)诱导的大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)氧化应激损伤的保护作用,并基于核因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)信号通路探究其可能机制。方法在Thp抑制PDGF-BB诱导的VSMCs氧化应激损伤效应研究中,将VSMCs分为对照组、PDGF-BB组(25 ng/mL)及Thp低、中、高浓度组(5、10、20 mg/mL)。在Thp作用机制研究(沉默Nrf2)中,将VSMCs分为PDGF-BB+阴性对照siRNA(NC-siNrf2)组(25 ng/mL PDGFBB+NC-siNrf2),PDGF-BB+Thp+NC-siNrf2组(25 ng/mL PDGF-BB+10 mg/mL Thp+NC-siNrf2),PDGF-BB+Nrf2小干扰RNA(siNrf2)组(25 ng/mL PDGF-BB+siNrf2),PDGF-BB+Thp+siNrf2组(25 ng/mL PDGF-BB+10.0 mg/mL Thp+siNrf2)。2个实验均检测VSMCs的增殖、迁移能力,活性氧(ROS)水平,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,PDGF-BB组VSMCs的增殖、迁移能力显著增强(P<0.01),ROS水平显著升高(P<0.01),SOD、CAT活性及Nrf2、HO-1蛋白的相对表达量均显著降低(P<0.01);与PDGF-BB组比较,Thp不同浓度组VSMCs的增殖、迁移能力均显著下降(P<0.01),ROS水平均显著降低(P<0.01),SOD、CAT活性及Nrf2、HO-1蛋白的相对表达量均显著升高(P<0.01)。沉默Nrf2可显著逆转Thp对PDGF-BB诱导VSMCs氧化应激损伤的改善作用(P<0.01)。结论Thp可以通过激活Nrf2介导的抗氧化防御途径来降低VSMCs的氧化应激水平,从而抑制VSMCs的增殖、迁移。

PDGFRα^(+)细胞上P2Y1-SK3通路对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠动力的调控机制

目的探究血小板衍生生长因子受体α^(+)(PDGFRα^(+))细胞上P2Y1-小电导Ca^(2+)激活K^(+)(SK3)通道对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠胃肠动力的影响。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、P2Y1受体抑制剂(MRS2500)组,每组10只。除空白组外,其余两组采用多因素干预法建立FD大鼠模型。造模成功后抑制剂组予以尾静脉注射P2Y1抑制剂MRS2500,其他组不采取干预措施。处理结束后进行行为学和胃肠动力学检测;用BL-420S生物信号系统采集并分析胃肠生物电信息;取胃窦组织评估病理变化;采用免疫印迹、实时荧光定量PCR技术检测各组大鼠胃窦PDGFRα、C-kit(卡介尔间质细胞特异性指标)、P2Y1和SK3的表达情况;采用免疫荧光法检测胃窦PDGFRα和C-kit、P2Y1、SK3的组织表达和共定位情况;用钙检测试剂盒检测胃窦组织中Ca^(2+)含量变化。结果FD模型建立后,大鼠活动度、体重增长速度和进食量都显著降低,胃肠动力减弱,胃窦内PDGFRα、C-kit、P2Y1和SK3表达水平降低。MRS2500干预后,P2Y1受体抑制剂组大鼠较模型组大鼠体重增长率和进食量升高,胃肠动力减弱情况改善,PDGFRα、P2Y1和SK3表达水平进一步降低,C-kit表达水平升高,Ca^(2+)含量降低。PDGFRα与C-kit在胃窦中不存在共表达,而PDGFRα与P2Y1、SK3共表达。结论长期的饮食和情绪失调会刺激肠神经系统释放抑制性神经递质,这一过程通过PDGFRα^(+)细胞上P2Y1受体引起SK3通道的Ca^(2+)敏感性降低,在多因素刺激诱导的FD模型大鼠胃肠动力障碍中起重要作用。

Effects of ribozyme targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor β subunit gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells in vitro

Background Activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is essentially involved in the development and progression of hepatic fibrosis. The most potent growth factor for HSC is platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor β subunit (PDGFR-β) is the predominant signal transduction pathyway of PDGF which is overexpressed in activated HSC. This study investigated the cleavage activity of hammerhead ribozyme targeting PDGFR-β mRNA in HSC and the effect on biological characteristics of HSC.Methods Expression vector of anti-PDGFR-β ribozyme was constructed and transfected into rat activated HSC with lipofectamin. The positive cell clones were gained by G418 selection. The expression of PDGFR-β, α-smooth muscle actin, and typeⅠand type Ⅲ collagen were detected by using Northern blot, Western blot and immunocytochemical staining, respectively. The cell proliferation was determined with MTT colorimetric assay. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by using flow cytometry, acridine orange fluorescence vital staining and transmission electron microscopy.Results The expression of PDGFR-β at mRNA and protein level was markedly reduced in ribozyme-transfected HSC by 49%-57% ( P <0.05-0.01). The proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin expression of ribozyme-transfected HSC were significantly decreased ( P <0.05-0.01), and the type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen synthesis were also reduced ( P <0.01). In addition, the proliferative response of ribozyme-transfected HSC to PDGF BB was significantly inhibited. Otherwise, the apoptotic cells were significantly increased in ribozyme-transfected HSC ( P <0.01), and typical apoptotic cells could be found under transmission electron microscopy.Conclusions The anti-PDGFR-β ribozyme effectively cleaved the target RNA and significantly inhibited its expression, which blocked the signal transduction of PDGF at receptor level, inhibited HSC proliferation and collagen synthesis, and induced HSC apoptosis. These results suggest that inhibiting PDGFR-β expression of HSC may be a new target for the therapy of liver fibrogenesis, and ribozyme may be a useful tool for inhibiting PDGFR-β expression.

Role of RhoA in platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced migration of rat hepatic stellate cells

Background Although the migration of hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） is essential for hepatic fibrotic response, the detailed mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the role of Rho GTPases （especially RhoA） in platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF）-BB-induced migration of HSCs. Methods The migration of primary rat HSCs was evaluated using transwell Boyden chamber, while cytoskeletal changes were visualized by immunofluorescence staining of intracellular actins and vinculin. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression of Rho GTPases （RhoA, Racl and Cdc42） within HSCs and their activation was determined by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Finally, the effects of RhoA on PDGF-BB-induced cell migration and cytoskeletal remodeling were analyzed using HSC-T6 cells stably transfected with constitutively active （CA, Q63L） or dominant negative （DN, T19N） RhoA mutants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. Student＇s t test was used to analyze differences between two groups and one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used among multiple groups. Results Rapid cytoskeletal remodeling led to a significant increase in the motility of primary rat HSCs after haptotactic （direct） and chemotactic （indirect） stimulation by PDGF-BB： PDGF-BB caused a dramatic elevation in the levels of both total and active RhoA protein. However, the levels of mRNA for Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Racl and Cdc42, were unaffected. Furthermore, PDGF-BB induced increased formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions in HSC-T6 cells transfected with CA-RhoA, but not in HSC-T6 transfected with DN-RhoA. Surprisingly, both CA- and DN-RhoA-transfected HSC-T6 cells showed decreased migratory potential in the absence or presence of PDGF-BB compared with controls. Conclusions PDGF-BB induced cytoskeletal remodeling in rat HSCs and promoted their migration via regulation of intracellular RhoA. RhoA may be one of the determinants in PDGF-BB-induced HSC miaration.

CCl4诱导的肝纤维化小鼠和HSC-T6细胞miR-122水平变化及其意义探讨

目的研究微小RNA(miR)-122在肝星状细胞活化/增殖及肝纤维化发生过程中的水平变化及其可能的作用机制.方法建立CCl_(4)诱导的C57BL/6小鼠肝纤维化模型,以10 ng/ml转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)处理HSC-T6细胞,分别在小鼠体内和肝星状细胞转染miR-122激动剂和miR-122模拟物以过表达miR-122.采用RT-PCR和Western-blot法检测组织和细胞miR-122、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、I型胶原、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1(TIMP-1)和血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)表达,采用CCK-8法检测HSC-T6细胞增殖.结果模型组小鼠肝组织α-SMA表达水平显著高于对照组(9.92±2.12对1.12±0.54,P<0.01),而miR-122水平显著低于对照组(0.95±0.31对2.07±0.28,P<0.01);在CCl_(4)诱导的肝纤维化小鼠,miR-122激动剂转染组肝组织miR-122水平显著高于miR-122激动剂对照组(6.27±1.73对2.78±0.21,P<0.01);miR-122激动剂转染组肝组织α-SMA、I型胶原、TIMP-1和PDGF蛋白水平显著下降;在TGF-β1处理的HST-T6细胞,随着处理时间的延长,肝星状细胞α-SMA水平逐渐升高(0h:0.61±0.02,12 h:0.69±0.05,24 h:0.75±0.01,48 h:1.01±0.03,P<0.05),而miR-122水平随TGF-β1处理时间的延长而逐渐下降(0 h:0.72±0.05,12 h:0.45±0.01,24 h:0.37±0.03,48 h:0.29±0.08,P<0.05);与miR-122阴性对照转染组比,miR-122模拟物转染组细胞miR-122水平显著增加(178.45±30.62对12.18±2.39,P<0.01);Western Blot检测发现miR-122模拟物转染组细胞α-SMA蛋白表达水平显著下调;采用TGF-β1处理HST-T6细胞,与miR-122阴性对照转染组比,miR-122模拟物转染组细胞增殖活力显著降低(P<0.05).结论肝纤维化组织细胞miR-122水平下调,而过表达miR-122可抑制肝星状细胞的活化和增殖,从而可能抑制肝纤维化的发生和发展.

Effects of Tripterine on mRNA Expression of Oncogene c-myc and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats

Objective: To observe the effects of tripterine on mRNA expression of oncogene c-myc and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of rats.Methods: The fifth to tenth passage culture of VSMCs was used, tripterine and 20% fetal calf serum added into the medium of cultured VSMCs at concentration of 0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L after serum-free cultivation for 24 hours. The general RNA was isolated from VSMCs at 6 and 12 hours after the drug addition for detection of oncogene c-myc and PDGF mRNA respectively by dot blot hybridization. The cDNA probes were labeled by digoxin.Results: Tripterine inhibited the expression of PDGF mRNA of VSMCs, and decreased expression of oncogene cmyc mRNA in a dose-dependent manner, either vs. control.Conclusion: Tripterine can inhibit expression of oncogene c-myc and PDGF-A mRNA in VSMCs, therefore it would inhibit overproliferation of VSMCs.

华良姜素对PDGF-BB诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移的影响

[目的]探讨华良姜素对PDGF-BB诱导下血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移的影响及可能的机制。[方法]利用25μg/L的PDGF-BB处理人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(HA-VSMC)诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移。实验分为正常对照组、PDGF-BB组(模型组)、PDGF-BB+华良姜素(10、20、40μmol/L)组和DMSO组。采用CCK-8实验检测HA-VSMC增殖活力,Transwell实验检测HA-VSMC迁移能力,Western blot检测自噬效应蛋白p62、LC3、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)以及磷酸化mTOR(p-mTOR)蛋白表达水平的变化。[结果]PDGF-BB处理后,HA-VSMC增殖和迁移能力显著上调(P<0.01),华良姜素显著抑制PDGF-BB诱导的HA-VSMC的增殖和迁移,且随浓度的上升抑制能力越明显(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,40μmol/L华良姜素处理后,LC3Ⅰ以及mTOR蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、p62与p-mTOR蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),同时发现40μmol/L华良姜素与AMPK抑制剂Compound C,对PDGF-BB诱导的HA-VSMC AMPK/mTOR信号通路的影响一致。[结论]华良姜素可抑制PDGF-BB诱导的HA-VSMC的增殖和迁移,其作用机制可能是通过上调AMPK/mTOR信号通路,抑制自噬实现。

The study of human PDGF-B gene transferred to cat corneal endothelial cells

AIM: To demonstrate that human platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) cDNA could be Expressed in primary cultured cat corneal endothelia cells by using gene transfer techniques; to explore a useful tool for the further studies of the molecular mechanisms of corneal endothelium failure and provide a potential effective genetic therapy for the blind patients. ' METHODS: Human PDGF-B cDNA was isolated from human placent by RT-PCR and inserted into pcDNA(4) vector to construct recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA(4)-PDGF-B. The full length was confirmed by the DNA sequencing analysis. By tearing endothelium technique we obtained pure single layer of cat corneal endothelial cells. The pcDNA(4)-PDGF-B eukaryotic Expression vector was transferred into cat corneal endothelial cells by Effectene (TM) lipofectine. The transfection efficiency of Effectene (TM) lipofectine in pcDNA(4)-B was detected with pcDNA(4)-GFP. 5 days later, RT-PCR was used to check the PDGF-B expression. Cell viability was tested by modified tertrozalium salt (MU) method. Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. RESULTS: The human PDGF-B cDNA was isolated successfully from healthy parturien placent tissue and the sequence was confirmed by computer automatic sequence and PCR analysis. Pure single layer cat corneal endothelial cells were successfully cultured by tearing endothelium technique. Effectene (TM) lipofectine transfection technique could be effectively used to transfer pcDNA(4)-PDGF-B into cat corneal endothelial cells in vitro, the transfection efficiency was 30%. RT-PCR result showed that human PDGF-B gene was highly expressed in transfected cat corneal endothelial cells. The expressed PDGF-BB protein promoted the viability of cat corneal endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Human platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) cDNA could be highly Expressed in cultured cat corneal endothelial cells by gene transfection techniques. Expressed PDGF-BB protein significantly promoted the viability of cat corneal endothelial cells, thus provided a potential effective method for corneal endothelium blindness genetic therapy.

Basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfection in repair of internal carotid artery aneurysm wall

Surgery or interventional therapy has some risks in the treatment of cerebral aneurysm. We established an internal carotid artery aneurysm model by dripping elastase in the crotch of the right internal and external carotid arteries of New Zealand rabbits. Following model induction, lentivirus carrying basic fibroblast growth factor was injected through the ear vein. We found that the longer the action time of the lentivirus, the smaller the aneurysm volume. Moreover, platelet-derived growth factor expression in the aneurysm increased, but smooth muscle 22 alpha and hypertension-related gene 1 mRNA expression decreased. At 1,2, 3, and 4 weeks following model establishment, following 1 week of injection of lentivirus carrying basic fibroblast growth factor, the later the intervention time, the more severe the blood vessel damage, and the bigger the aneurysm volume, the lower the smooth muscle 22 aJpha and hypertension-related gene ~ mRNA expression. Simultaneously, platelet-derived growth factor expression decreased. These data suggest that recombinant lentivirus carrying basic fibroblast growth factor can repair damaged cells in the aneurysmal wall and inhibit aneurysm dynamic growth, and that the effect is dependent on therapeutic duration.

异甘草酸镁联合丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化的效果及对TGF-β1、PDGF、Treg/Th17的影响

目的探讨异甘草酸镁联合丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)的效果及对转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、调节性T细胞/辅助性T细胞17(Treg/Th17)的影响。方法选择2016年6月至2021年2月我院收治的86例PBC患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各43例。对照组给予丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予异甘草酸镁治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,两组的谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(Ⅳ-C)、层粘连蛋白(LN)水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的TGF-β1水平均升高,PDGF水平均降低,且观察组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的Treg、Treg/Th17均升高,Th17均降低,且观察组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的健康调查简表(SF-36)各维度评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论异甘草酸镁联合丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸治疗PBC的效果较好,可调节TGF-β1、PDGF水平及Treg/Th17,改善生活质量,值得推广。