Role of platelet-activating factor in reproduction:sperm function

Since its discovery nearly thirty years ago, platelet-activating factor has emerged as one of the more important lipidmediators known. Platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) exists en-dogenously as a mixture of molecular species with structural variants of the alkyl moiety. PAF is a novel potent signal-ing phospholipid that has unique pleiotropic biological properties in addition to platelet activation. PAF also plays a sig-nificant role in reproduction. PAF content in squirrel monkey sperm is significantly higher during the breeding seasonthan the non-breeding season. PAF content in human sperm has a positive correlation with seminal parameters and preg-nancy outcomes. High-fertility boars have significantly more PAF in their sperm than low-fertility boars. The enzymes(lyso-PAF-acetyltransferase and PAF-acetylhydrolase) necessary for PAF activation and deactivation are present insperm. PAF-acetylhydrolase may act as a 'decapacitation factor'. Removal of this enzyme during capacitation maypromote PAF synthesis increasing motility and fertilization. PAF also plays a significant role in the fertilization process,enhancing the fertilization rates of oocytes. Enhanced embryo development has also been reported in oocytes fertilizedwith PAF-treated sperm. PAF antagonists inhibit sperm motility, acrosome reaction, and fertilization, thus suggestingthe presence of receptors for PAF. The PAF-receptor is present on sperm, with altered transcript levels and distributionpatterns on abnormal cells. Whereas the exact mechanism of PAF in sperm function and reproduction is uncertain, itsimportance in normal fertility is substantial. The reproductive significance of PAF activity in sperm and fertility plus therole of PAF in the establishment of pregnancy requires further study.

Roles of BN52021 in platelet-activating factor pathway in inflammatory MS1 cells

AIM: To determine the effects of BN52021 on platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) signaling molecules under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions in MS1 cells. METHODS: MS1 cells (a mouse pancreatic islet endothelial cell line) were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mmol/L glutamine and 100 μg/mL penicillin/streptomycin in 5% CO 2 at 37 ℃. After growth to confluency in media, the cells were processed for subsequent studies. The MS1 cells received 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL LPS in this experiment. The viability/prolifera-tion of the cells induced by LPS was observed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. Apoptosis and necrosis of the cells under the inflammatory condition described previously were observed using Hoechst 33342-propidium iodide staining. Adenylate cyclase (AC), phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA in the PAFR signaling pathway were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression level of phosphorylated AC (p-AC), phosphorylated PLA 2 (p-PLA 2 ), phosphorylated PTK (p-PTK), phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), PLCβ and GRK was measured using Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The activity of MS1 cells incubated with dif- ferent concentrations of LPS for 6 h decreased significantly in the 1 μg/mL LPS group (0.49 ± 0.10 vs 0.67 ± 0.13, P < 0.05) and 10 μg/mL LPS group (0.44 ± 0.10 vs 0.67 ± 0.13, P < 0.001), but not in 0.1 μg/mL group. When the incubation time was extended to 12 h (0.33 ± 0.05, 0.32 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.03 vs 0.69 ± 0.01) and 24 h (0.31 ± 0.01, 0.29 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.01 vs 0.63 ± 0.01), MS1 cell activity decreased in all LPS concentration groups compared with the blank control (P < 0.001). BN52021 significantly improved the cell activity when its concentration reached 50 μmol/L compared with the group that received LPS treatment alone, which was consistent with the results obtained from fluorescence staining. The mRNAs levels of AC (4.02 ± 0.14 vs 1.00 ± 0.13), GRK (2.63 ± 0.03 vs 1.00 ± 0.12), p38 MAPK (3.87 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.17), PLA 2 (3.31 ± 0.12 vs 1.00 ± 0.12), PLCβ (2.09 ± 0.08 vs 1.00 ± 0.06) and PTK (1.85 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.11) were up-regulated after LPS stimulation as compared with the blank control (P < 0.05). The up- regulated mRNAs including AC (2.35 ± 0.13 vs 3.87 ± 0.08), GRK (1.17 ± 0.14 vs 2.65 ± 0.12), p38 MAPK (1.48 ± 0.18 vs 4.30 ± 0.07), PLCβ (1.69 ± 0.10 vs 2.41 ± 0.13) and PLA 2 (1.87 ± 0.11 vs 2.96 ± 0.08)were significantly suppressed by BN52021 except for that of PTK. The level of p-AC (1.11 ± 0.12 vs 0.65 ± 0.08), GRK (0.83 ± 0.07 vs 0.50 ± 0.03), PLCβ (0.83 ± 0.16 vs 0.50 ± 0.10) and p-p38 MAPK (0.74 ± 0.10 vs 0.38 ± 0.05) was up-regulated after LPS stimulation as compared with the blank control (P < 0.05). The up-regulated proteins, including p-AC (0.65 ± 0.15 vs 1.06 ± 0.14), GRK (0.47 ± 0.10 vs 0.80 ± 0.06), PLCβ (0.47 ± 0.04 vs 0.80 ± 0.19) and p-p38 MAPK (0.30 ± 0.10 vs 0.97 ± 0.05), was significantly suppressed by BN52021, but p-PLA 2 and p-PTK protein level were not suppressed. CONCLUSION: BN52021 could effectively inhibit LPS-induced inflammation by down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of AC, GRK, p38 MAPK, PLA 2 and PLCβ in the PAFR signaling pathway.

Compound Kushen injection induces immediate hypersensitivity reaction through promoting the production of platelet-activating factor via de novo pathway

OBJECTIVE Compound Kushen injection(CKI)is a bis-herbal formulation extracted from Kushen(Radix Sophorae Flavescentis)and Baituling(Rhizoma Heterosmilacis Japonicae).Clinically,it is used as the adjuvant treatment of cancer.However,with the increased application,the cases of immediate hypersensitivity reactions(IHRs)also gradually rise.In this study,we investigated the underlying mechanism(s)and active constituent(s)for CKI-induced IHRs in experimental models.METHODS T helper 2(Th2)immunity-amplified mice were prepared by aluminum adjuvant.Anaphylactic shock was detected by measuring rectal thermometry in propranolol pretreated mice.For evaluating microvascular permeability,Evans blue extravasation assay was used.Platelet-activating factor(PAF),serum total IgE(tIgE)and mouse mast cell protease 1(MMCP1)were measured by ELISA.RESULTS The obtained results showed that CKI did not elevate serum tIgE and MMCP1 after consecutive immunization for five weeks,but could induce Evans blue extravasation(local)and cause obvious hypothermia(systemic)after a single injection.Further study showed that alkaloids in Kushen,especially matrine,were responsible for CKI-induced IHRs.Mechanism study showed that various PAF receptor antagonists could significantly counter CKI-induced IHRs locally or systemically.In cell system,CKI was able to promote PAF production in a non-cell-selective manner.In cell lysate,the effect of CKI on PAF production became stronger and could be abolished by blocking de novo pathway.CONCLUSION In conclusion,our study identifies,for the first time,that CKI is a PAF inducer.It causes non-immunologic IHRs,rather than IgE-dependent IHRs,by promoting PAF production through de novo pathway.Alkaloids in Kushen,especially matrine,are the prime culprits for IHRs.Our findings may provide a potential approach for preventing and treating CKI-induced IHRs.

The actions,detection and synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in mammalian pregnancy

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) exhibits a variety of biological activities and it be thought to involved in various pathophysiological process. In this paper, some studies were summarized about those roles ofPAF in a variety productive processes of female of mammalian that inctude fertilization, implantation and parturition, and that was involved in the concentration, synthesis, deiradation and some assay methods of PAF. Therelationship between PAF and early pregnancy factor (EPF) was reviewed.

Platelet-activating factor mediates hydrogen peroxide induced endothelial-leukocyte adhesion

The effects of hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）on endothelial-polymorphonuclear leuko-cyte（EC-PMN）adhesion and their mechanisms were studied in cultured bovine pulmonaryartery endothelial monolayers in vitro.H2O2 at various concentrations(10-3,10-2,10-1mol/Lrespectively)stimulated EC-dependent PMN adhesion,of which 10-2mol/L H2O2 was the mostpotent one,increasing adhesion to 2.3 times that of the control.Pretreatment of PMNs with SRI63-441,a platelet-activating factor（PAF）receptor antagonist,had no inhibition effect on H2O2induced EC-PMN adhesion.Pretreatment of ECs with SRI 63-441 before H2O2 exposure signifi-cantly decreased PMN adherence to ECs.Pretreatment of ECs with phospholipase A2 inhibitorp-bromophenacyl-bromide or calmodulin antagonist chlorpromazine and calcium ion chelate EG-TA obviously decreased H2O2 induced increment of EC-PMN adhesion.These results suggestthat H2O2 may activate ECs,causing the inflow of extracellular calcium or the release of calciumfrom intracellular deposits.Increased intracellar Ca2+may bind with calmodulin to activate phos-pholipase A2,thus initiating PAF synthesis and promoting EC-PMN adhesion.

Physiological Roles of Platelet-activating Factor in Mammalian and Human Reproduction

This review described origination, biosynthesis and functions of platelet-activating factor （PAF） in the reproductive system of mammals and human beings. The article mainly focused on biological roles of the phospholipid mediator in sperm fertilization and embryonic implantation. As an autocrine product of sperm and embryos, PAF markedly stimulates sperm motility and fertilization and serves as a capacitation factor in a ligand-receptor manner, After fertilization, embryo-derived PAF improves its own development, especially from fertilized ova to blastocyst stage and is thought to act as an embryo growth factor in the same manner as on sperm. Its mechanism of action was also clarified. At the end, it was presented some advances in its clinical application, followed by discussion of some issues possibly concerning in its current application.

Serum platelet-activating factor level of patients with cerebral infarction from TIA and its correlation with coagulation function and inflammatory response

Objective: To study the serum platelet-activating factor (PAF) level of patients with cerebral infarction from transient ischemic attack (TIA) and its correlation with coagulation function and inflammatory response. Methods: TIA patients who were hospitalized in Neurology Department of Foshan Second People's Hospital between September 2016 and July 2017 were selected and divided into simple TIA group and cerebral infarction group according to the progression into cerebral infarction or not within 1 week;healthy subjects who received physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Serum levels of PAF, coagulation function indexes and inflammation indexes were detected. Results: Serum PAF, FVIII, vWF, TNF-α, hs-CRP, MCP-1 and IL-17 contents of cerebral infarction group and simple TIA group were significantly higher than those of control group while PT, APTT and TT levels were significantly shorter than those of control group;serum PAF, FVIII, vWF, TNF-α, hs-CRP, MCP-1 and IL-17 contents of cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those of simple TIA group while PT, APTT and TT levels were significantly shorter than those of simple TIA group;serum FVIII, vWF, TNF-α, hs-CRP, MCP-1 and IL-17 contents of TIA patients with high PAF content were significantly higher than those of TIA patients with low PAF content while PT, APTT and TT levels were significantly shorter than those of TIA patients with low PAF content. Conclusion: Excessively generated PAF can promote TIA progression to cerebral infarction by activating coagulation pathway and inflammatory response.

The Activity of Plasma Platelet－activating Factor Derived from Pregnant Women before and after Delivery and lts Relation to P

The activity of plasma platelet-activating factor(PAF) from pregnant women before and after delivery was determined. Plasma samples were taken from 74 pregnant women, among whom 24 were normotensive controls, 30 mild and moderate hypertensive and 20 severe hypertensive. Of the two hypertensive groups(pregnancy-induced hypertension, PIH), PAF activity measured by a bioassay was significantly higher than that of normotensive control at 38 weeks in gestation , indicating a possible role of this potent lipid mediator in the pathophysiological mechanism of PIH. After delivery, PAF activity was obviously increased in all three groups , showing the regulation of placenta in PAF metabolism.

The inhibitory effects of β－adrenoceptor activation on vascular permeability increment induced by platelet－activating factor

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Regulatory effects of phospholipase A_2 inhibitors on platelet activating factor in endotoxic shock in rabbits

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PAFAH1B3表达水平与多发性骨髓瘤患者自体造血干细胞移植后疾病进展风险的相关性

目的:探讨接受自体造血干细胞移植(AHSCT)治疗的多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者骨髓CD138^(+)细胞中血小板激活因子乙酰水解酶1B3(platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B3,PAFAH1B3)基因表达水平与2年内预后之间的相关性。方法:选取2014年5月至2019年5月间于南通大学第一、第二附属医院就诊的147例行AHSCT治疗的MM患者作为研究对象,检测患者骨髓CD138^(+)细胞中PAFAH1B3 mRNA的表达水平,并将随访2年间疾病进展或死亡者纳入进展组,其余纳入预后良好组。比较两组患者的临床资料和PAFAH1B3 mRNA表达水平,以入组患者PAFAH1B3 mRNA表达水平中位数为界将患者分为PAFAH1B3高表达组和低表达组,采用Kaplan-Meier法比较两组患者的无进展生存率(PFSR)。应用单因素分析和多因素COX回归分析法分析患者2年内预后的相关因素。结果:随访结束时共有13/147例患者失访,最终进展组纳入44例,预后良好组纳入90例。进展组年龄高于预后良好组,移植后达CR^(+)VGPR患者比例低于预后良好组,两组ISS分期例数分布差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);进展组PAFAH1B3 mRNA表达水平和LDH>250 U/L患者比例均高于预后良好组,PLT值低于预后良好组(均P<0.05);PAFAH1B3高表达组2年PFSR显著低于低表达组(log rankχ^(2)=8.167,P=0.004);LDH>250 U/L(HR=3.389,P=0.010)、PAFAH1B3 mRNA表达水平(HR=50.561,P=0.001)和ISSⅢ期(HR=1.000,P=0.003)为患者预后的独立危险因素,ISSⅠ期(HR=0.133,P=0.001)为患者预后的独立保护因素。结论:接受AHSCT治疗的MM患者骨髓CD138^(+)细胞中PAFAH1B3 mRNA表达水平与预后相关,检测PAFAH1B3 mRNA表达水平对预测患者的PFSR和预后分层具有一定意义。

Association of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Gene rs5938(G/T) and rs313152(T/C) Polymorphisms with Coronary Heart Disease and Blood Stasis Syndrome in A Chinese Han Population

Objective: To explore the association of the platelet-activating factor receptor(PAFR) gene rs5938, rs313152 and rs76744145 polymorphisms with coronary heart disease(CHD) and blood stasis syndrome(BSS) of CHD in Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 570 CHD patients(299 with BSS and 271 with non-BSS) and 317 controls were enrolled. The PAFR gene rs5938, rs313152 and rs76744145 polymorphisms were genotyped using the multiplex SNaP shot technology. The statistical analysis was conducted using a multiple variable logistic regression model. Results: Significant differences were detected in the genotypes frequency distributions of the rs5938(P<0.01), but not the rs313152(P>0.05), between the controls and CHD patients. Individuals with an rs5938 or rs313152 mutated allele had a low risk for CHD [adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=0.35, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.23 to 0.56, P<0.01; aOR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.91, P<0.05, respectively]. After the CHD patients were stratified as BSS or non-BSS according to their Chinese medicine patterns, the rs5938 polymorphism mutated alleles had a significant association with a low risk for BSS of CHD(aOR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.57, P<0.01) and non-BSS of CHD(aOR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.55, P<0.01). The rs313152 polymorphism was associated with a low risk for BSS(aOR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.79, P<0.01), but not for non-BSS(aOR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.85, P>0.05). Furthermore, the interaction effect of the rs5938 and rs313152 polymorphisms for BSS of CHD was significantly based on an aOR value associated with the combination of the rs5938 GT genotype with the rs313152 TC genotype of 0.27(95% CI: 0.1 to 0.7, P<0.01). Conclusion: The PAFR gene rs5938 or rs313152 polymorphisms might be a potential biomarker for susceptibility to CHD, especially to BSS of CHD in Chinese Han population.

Platelet-activating factor receptor affects food intake and body weight

“Let’s Move!”is a comprehensive initiative,launched by the First Lady,Michelle Obama,dedicates to solving problems of obesity,which is growing in child.The life behaviors do affect obesity;however,the mechanistic insight in molecular level is still not clear.In this study,by continually monitoring mouse body weight under chow and high fat western diets as well as metabolic,physical activity and food intake behaviors assessed in a CLAMS Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System,we demonstrated that the platelet-activating factor receptor(PTAFR)contributes to modification of life behaviors.PTAFR does not affect metabolism of ingested dietary fat and carbohydrate in young animals;however,Ptafr ablation dramatically increased weight gain without affecting adipose tissue accumulation.Ptafr/mice possess new habits that increased food intake and decreased movement.Our studies suggest that regulation of PTAFR activity may be a novel strategy to control obesity in children or young adults.

PCOS患者PAF-AH活性及其与糖脂代谢相关性的研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)活性及其与糖脂代谢的关系。方法按照鹿特丹标准筛选PCOS患者87例,同时选取年龄匹配的健康妇女83名作为对照。①用化学发光法检测血清雌二醇(E2)、总睾酮(TT)、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、空腹胰岛素(FINS);②用酶法试剂盒测定空腹血糖(FGLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);③用[3H-acelty]PAF示踪三氯醋酸沉淀法检测血浆PAF-AH活性。结果①PCOS组体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、F-G评分、血清TT水平、LH/FSH比值高于对照组(P<0.01)。②PCOS组血清FINS、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、TG、TC、LDL-C、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)和致动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)高于对照组(P<0.01),而HDL-C水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。但血浆PAF-AH活性两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③非肥胖PCOS患者(BMI<25 kg/m2)FINS、HOMA-IR、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、AI高于非肥胖对照妇女(P<0.05)。肥胖PCOS患者(BMI≥25 kg/m2)除了更严重的上述代谢异常外,FGLU、TG、TC、BMI、WHR、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)也明显升高(P<0.05),HDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05)。然而非肥胖对照、非肥胖PCOS与肥胖PCOS三亚组间血浆PAF-AH活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。④Person相关分析表明:PCOS组血浆PAF-AH活性分别与non-HDL-C、LDL-C、AI、TG、TG、WHR呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05)。多重线性回归表明:non-HDL-C与SBP是PCOS组血浆PAF-AH活性有意义的预测因子(P<0.05)。结论PCOS组血浆PAF-AH活性与对照组比较无明显改变,血脂特别是胆固醇与血浆PAF-AH活性相关联。肥胖PCOS患者比非肥胖PCOS患者表现出更严重的脂代谢异常与胰岛素抵抗。

血小板活化因子及其乙酰水解酶在新生儿感染中的变化及临床意义

目的检测感染新生儿血浆血小板活化因子(PAF)水平及其乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)的活性,探讨两者在新生儿感染中的变化及临床意义。方法以复旦大学附属儿科医院新生儿科病房收治的日龄<30d的新生儿为研究对象。依据感染部位和程度分为全身感染组、局部感染组及非感染组;依据日龄分为早期新生儿(≤7d)和晚期新生儿(>7d)。采集研究对象桡动脉血标本,对全身感染组中合并器官功能衰竭的患儿在感染的第1、3、5和7天增加采集桡动脉血标本。测定血浆PAF水平(μg.L-1)和PAF-AH活性(μmol.L-1.min-1)。分析感染程度、性别、日龄和出生体重对血浆PAF水平和PAF-AH活性的影响,比较不同感染组PAF水平和PAF-AH活性的差异,观察全身感染合并器官功能衰竭患儿血浆PAF水平和PAF-AH活性在病程1～7d的变化趋势。结果研究期间共收治247例新生儿,男146例,女101例;平均日龄9.2(1～57)d;平均胎龄35.85(27～43)周;平均出生体重2517(906～4750)g。全身感染组91例,局部感染组63例,非感染组93例。①新生儿血浆PAF水平与感染程度相关(P=0.000);血浆PAF-AH活性与感染程度及日龄(P均为0.000)相关。②全身感染组血浆PAF水平(9.5±8.1)显著高于局部感染组(5.3±3.2)及非感染组(4.6±3.5)。早期新生儿中,全身感染组血浆PAF-AH活性(5.7±2.7)显著低于局部感染组(7.3±2.9)和非感染组(7.3±2.5)。晚期新生儿中,全身感染组血浆PAF-AH活性(7.0±2.5)显著低于局部感染组(9.7±2.2)和非感染组(9.7±2.7)。③全身感染组合并器官功能衰竭的9/12例存活患儿在病程的1～7d血浆PAF水平呈下降趋势,PAF-AH活性呈上升趋势。3/12例死亡患儿中两者的变化趋势则相反。④全身感染组31/91例确诊败血症患儿中,革兰阴性菌感染者血浆PAF水平(13.1±11.0)显著高于革兰阳性菌感染者(5.4±3.9),PAF-AH活性(4.9±2.1)显著低于革兰阳性菌感染者(7.9±2.4)。结论新生儿严重感染时血浆PAF水平增高,PAF-AH活性降低,两者的变化趋势与预后相关。

哮喘患儿血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶活性的研究

目的 探讨哮喘患儿血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶 (PAF AH)活性与病情的关系 ,及其活性与基因型的关系。方法 应用酶水解底物显色法测定不同病情哮喘患儿和健康儿童PAF AH活性。应用等位基因特异性聚合酶链式反应 (AS PCR)技术检测PAF AH基因第 9外显子Val2 79Phe基因型。结果 重度哮喘组血浆PAF AH活性明显低于轻、中度哮喘组和对照组 ,酶活性缺失率重度组占 15.4% ,而轻、中度哮喘组和对照组酶活性缺失率占 2 %～ 3 %。哮喘组及对照组 3种基因型 (Val/Val、Val/Phe和Phe/Phe)血浆PAH AH活性间比较有显著性差异 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,同一种基因型PAH AH活性哮喘组与对照组相比无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 血浆PAF AH活性与哮喘严重程度相关联 ,重度哮喘组酶活性显著低于轻、中度哮喘组和对照组 ;血浆PAF AH活性与PAF AH(Val2 79Phe)

肺炎支原体肺炎婴幼儿不同病期免疫功能、细胞因子、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶基因多态性变化

目的探讨婴幼儿肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）急性期与恢复期免疫功能、细胞因子、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶（PAF-AH）基因多态性的动态变化。方法MPP组235例,年龄5个月-3岁;急性期为病程d1-9,恢复期为愈后8-20周。对照组为正常健康儿童90例,6个月-3岁。以酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定IgA、IgM、IL-2与IL-2受体（IL-2R）、IL-4、IL-8、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）;速率散射法测定IgG及其亚群;单相琼脂扩散法测定补体C3、C4;PGE法测定循环免疫复合物（CIC）;APAAP法测定T细胞亚群;特异性聚合酶链式反应（AS-PCR）法与PAF-AH试剂盒测定PAF-AH基因多态性与酶活性。对婴幼儿MPP急性期、恢复期与对照组的结果进行比较分析。结果MPP组急性期IgA、IgM、补体C4、CIC、CD8＋、IL-2R、IL-6、IL-8、INF-γ、INF-γ/IL-4均高于恢复期与对照组（Pa〈0.05）,补体C3、CD3＋、CD4＋、CD4＋/CD8＋、IL-2均低于恢复期与对照组（Pa〈0.05）,IgG及亚群各组间差别无统计学意义（Pa〉0.05）。PAF-AH突变基因型频率、突变等位基因频率、PAF-AH酶活性各组差别无统计学意义（Pa〉0.05）。结论婴幼儿MPP免疫功能变化的主要表现为Th1免疫应答增强,Th2免疫应答减弱,细胞因子改变,但多数免疫学指标及细胞因子恢复较快。婴幼儿MPP发病与PAF-AH基因型无关,但急性期PAF-AH酶活性有下降趋势。

PAF、PAF-AH、PAF-R与不明原因性女性不孕的关系探讨

目的:探讨血小板活化因子(PAF)、血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)及血小板活化因子受体(PAF-R)活性变化在不明原因性不孕患者发病机制中的意义。方法:采用酶联免疫法等方法测定20例不明原因性不孕患者血浆PAF、PAF-AH及PAF-R的活性变化。结果:不明原因性不孕症患者血浆PAF活性明显降低,血浆PAF-AH活性明显增高,均有显著意义(P<0.01);不明原因性不孕症患者血浆PAF-R mRNA产物低于对照组PAF-R mRNA。结论:不明原因性不孕患者血浆PAF活性明显降低,血浆PAF-AH活性明显增高,PAF-R mRNA活性明显降低,提示PAF、PAF-AH及PAF-R活性变化在不明原因性不孕患者的发生机制中可能有一定作用。

血小板活化因子水解酶基因突变与原发性肾病综合征的相关性

目的研究血小板活化因子水解酶(PAF-AH)基因突变与不同类型原发性肾病综合征(PNS)的相关性。方法94例PNS患儿,依据对激素治疗的效应分为激素敏感型NS(SSNS)组37例,激素耐药型NS(SRNS)组26例,激素依赖型NS(SDNS)组31例,239例健康对照组儿童作为对照,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析的方法检测其PAF-AH基因第9外显子-994位点基因型及等位基因频率,同时对各种PAF-AH基因型的PNS患儿的病情反复情况进行对比分析。结果NTNS患儿血浆型PAF-AH基因-994位点基因突变频率显著高于STNS及健康对照组;所有PNS及SSNS、SRNS与健康对照组儿童比较,PAF-AH基因第9外显子-994位点基因突变频率差异无统计学意义,SDNS组突变频率显著高于健康对照及SSNS组;PAF-AH基因第9外显子-994位点基因GT型或TT型第1年内反复次数显著高于GG型者。结论血浆型PAF-AH基因第9外显子-994位点基因突变的PNS患儿在临床类型上多为NTNS,且易于在以后的治疗中出现依赖倾向。

海南黎族哮喘患者血浆PAF及PAF-AH活性的观察

目的探讨血小板活化因子(PAF)及乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)等活性变化在黎族居民支气管哮喘发病机制中的意义。方法采用酶联免疫法等方法测定48例海南黎族支气管哮喘患者发作期和缓解期血浆PAF及PAF-AH的活性变化,同时观察总IgE和嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)水平。结果黎族哮喘发作期患者PAF、总IgE和ECP水平较正常组均明显增高,缓解期较发作期明显降低,均有显著意义(P<0.01),缓解期仍高于正常组,但无显著意义(P<0.05);发作期PAF-AH活性较正常组均明显降低,缓解组较发作组明显增高,均有显著意义(P<0.01),但缓解组仍低于正常组(P<0.05)。结论黎族哮喘患者急性发作期血浆PAF活性明显增高、PAF-AH活性明显降低,提示PAF和PAF-AH活性变化在黎族哮喘的发生机制中可能有一定作用,其临床意义有待于进一步研究。