Although Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.is a renowned medicine food homology plant,reports of excessive cadmium(Cd)levels are common,which affects its safety for clinical use and food consumption.To enable its Cd ...Although Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.is a renowned medicine food homology plant,reports of excessive cadmium(Cd)levels are common,which affects its safety for clinical use and food consumption.To enable its Cd levels to be regulated or reduced,it is necessary to first elucidate the mechanism of Cd uptake and accumulation in the plant,in addition to its detoxification mechanisms.This present study used inductively couple plasma-mass-spectrometry to analyze the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different tissues of P.grandiflorum.The experimental results showed that Cd was mainly accumulated in the roots[predominantly in the cell wall(50.96%-61.42%)],and it was found primarily in hypomobile and hypotoxic forms.The proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction increased after Cd exposure,and the proportion of insoluble phosphate Cd and oxalate Cd increased in roots and leaves,with a higher increase in oxalate Cd.Therefore,it is likely that root retention mechanisms,cell wall deposition,vacuole sequestration,and the formation of low mobility and low toxicity forms are tolerance strategies for Cd detoxification used by P.grandiflorum.The results of this study provide a theoretical grounding for the study of Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in P.grandiflorum,and they can be used as a reference for developing Cd limits and standards for other medicine food homology plants.展开更多
Background:Novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)has developed as a pandemic of global concern.There is an urgent need to develop effective and safe therapies.Platycodon grandiflorum(PG),one of the most famous traditio...Background:Novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)has developed as a pandemic of global concern.There is an urgent need to develop effective and safe therapies.Platycodon grandiflorum(PG),one of the most famous traditional Chinese herbs,may be satisfied.In this study,we explored the pharmacological mechanism of PG in the treatment of COVID-19.Method:The active compounds and potential targets were acquired from public databases.The protein-protein interaction,the Gene Ontology,and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were determined through bioinformatics analysis.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed to further verify the findings.Result:A total of 38 bioactive ingredients and 276 gene targets of PG were identified.There were 78 intersected targets of PG and COVID-19.The network analysis revealed that luteolin,Platycogenic acid A,Platycogenic acid C,Polygalacic acid,and acacetin may be candidate agents.The AKT1,VEGFA,TP53,MAPK3,TNF,IL6,CASP3,EGFR,STAT3,and CCND1 were the important potential drug targets.Gene Ontology terms are involved in biological processes,which are mainly concentrated in inorganic substances and apoptosis,etc.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway was involved in several aspects,such as Virus infection and immune regulation-related pathways.Molecular docking results showed that compounds of PG are closely bound to related targets.Molecular dynamics further found that Robin,Flavplatycoside,and dimethyl 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylplatycogenate A can maintain good stability and flexibility in the composite system.Conclusion:PG has multicomponent,multitarget,and multichannel characteristics,which can provide an important theoretical basis to treat patients with COVID-19.展开更多
A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl 16-oxo-platycodigenin 28-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-（1 → 3）-β-D-xylopyra- nosyl-（1→4）-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-α-L-arabinopyra-nosyl ester, was isolated fro...A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl 16-oxo-platycodigenin 28-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-（1 → 3）-β-D-xylopyra- nosyl-（1→4）-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-α-L-arabinopyra-nosyl ester, was isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, together with three known saponins, including platycodin D, deapio platycoside E and platycoside E. The structure of the new compound, named 16-oxo-platycodin D, was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of Platycodon grandi- florum extract (PGE) on lipid metabolism and FABP mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of high fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS: PGE was treated to in...AIM: To investigate the effect of Platycodon grandi- florum extract (PGE) on lipid metabolism and FABP mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of high fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS: PGE was treated to investigate the inhibitory effect on the pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 differentiation and pancreatic lipase activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 439.03 ± 7.61 g were divided into four groups: the control groups that fed an experimental diet alone (C and H group) and PGE treatment groups that administered PGE along with a control diet or HFD at a concentration of 150 mg/kg body weight (C + PGE and H + PGE group, respectively) for 7 wk. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerol (TG) concentrations were measured from the tail vein of rats. Adipocyte cell area was measured from subcutaneous adipose tissue and the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) mRNA expression was analyzed by northern blot analysis. RESULTS: PGE treatment inhibited 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, and also decreased pancreatic lipase activity. In this experiment, PGE signifi cantly reduced plasma TC and TG concentrations as well as body weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight. PGE also significantly decreased the size of subcutaneous adipocytes. Furthermore, it significantly repressed the up-regulation of FABP mRNA expression induced by a high-fat feeding in subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: PGE has a plasma lipid lowering-effect and anti-obesity effect in obese rats fed a high fat diet.From these results, we can suggest the possibility that PGE can be used as a food ingredient or drug component to therapeutically control obesity.展开更多
The current study reports the evidence of enhancement in power generation from cellulosic biomass in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems by supplementing dried Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots powder. Mediator-les...The current study reports the evidence of enhancement in power generation from cellulosic biomass in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems by supplementing dried Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots powder. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were prepared using rumen fluid as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. Dried Doraji roots were ground to pass 1 mm sieve and added to the anode of MFC at 0.1% w/v dosage for treatment. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d10, collected gases were measured for total gas volume and analyzed for gas composition on gas chromatography. Supplementation of Doraji roots powder to MFC anode chamber increased power generation and CO2 production. Over the 10d experimental period, power density normalized to anode surface area were between 17.0 and 37.7 with average of 32.5 mW/m2 in Doraji MFCs, and between 16.8 and 19.8 with average of 18.2 mW/m2 in control group. CO2 production increased and methane to CO2 ratio decreased in Doraji root treatment comparing to control group. These observations imply that Doraji root components would inhibit methanogenesis and alter microbial fermentation of cellulose compounds favorable to produce bioenergy efficiently in MFC.展开更多
Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides(PGPs)are naturally occurring compounds derived from the flowers of platycodon grandiflorum.the microwave assisted extraction(MAE)of PGPs was studied.A three-level and three-fact...Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides(PGPs)are naturally occurring compounds derived from the flowers of platycodon grandiflorum.the microwave assisted extraction(MAE)of PGPs was studied.A three-level and three-factor Box-Behnken design was used to optimize MAE conditions,and the effects of operating conditions including microwave power(180-540 W),extraction time(20-60 s)and liquid to solid ratio(20-30 v/w)on the extraction yield of PGPs were studied through response surface methodology(RSM).The results showed that the highest yield of PGPs reached 8.35 g/(100 g)at 360 W microwave power,40 s extraction time and 25.2 v/w liquid to solid ratio.The extraction yield of PGPs was significantly affected by liquid to solid ratio(P<0.01),microwave power and extraction time(P<0.05).Compared with the conventional solvent extraction,MAE is more efficient and rapid due to the disruption of the flower tissue microstructure as a result of microwave acoustic cavitation as observed with the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).A macroporous resin,HPD400,was found to be effective for purifying the PGPs extract.展开更多
肺脏肿瘤是一种高发病率、高致死率疾病[1],在发展早期主要依赖NK细胞等淋巴细胞发挥抗肿瘤作用[2],其中CXCR3^(+)NK细胞可依赖CXCL9/10等趋化因子的招募作用[3]而快速迁移,并大量分泌IFN-γ和穿孔素等效应因子,发挥免疫监视等作用[4]...肺脏肿瘤是一种高发病率、高致死率疾病[1],在发展早期主要依赖NK细胞等淋巴细胞发挥抗肿瘤作用[2],其中CXCR3^(+)NK细胞可依赖CXCL9/10等趋化因子的招募作用[3]而快速迁移,并大量分泌IFN-γ和穿孔素等效应因子,发挥免疫监视等作用[4]。桔梗-姜半夏配伍(the combination of Platycodon Grandiflorum and Pinella Ternata,PG+PT)常用于肿瘤的临床治疗中[5]。本研究旨在探讨PG+PT对肺脏肿瘤微环境中NK细胞、特别是CXCR3+NK的免疫药理作用,以明确该配伍发挥抗肿瘤作用的部分药理机制。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2019ZD005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81903751)+1 种基金by the Natural Science Basic Research Project of Shaanxi Science and Technology Department(No.2019JQ-877)by the Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2019-ZZ-ZY018).
文摘Although Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.is a renowned medicine food homology plant,reports of excessive cadmium(Cd)levels are common,which affects its safety for clinical use and food consumption.To enable its Cd levels to be regulated or reduced,it is necessary to first elucidate the mechanism of Cd uptake and accumulation in the plant,in addition to its detoxification mechanisms.This present study used inductively couple plasma-mass-spectrometry to analyze the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different tissues of P.grandiflorum.The experimental results showed that Cd was mainly accumulated in the roots[predominantly in the cell wall(50.96%-61.42%)],and it was found primarily in hypomobile and hypotoxic forms.The proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction increased after Cd exposure,and the proportion of insoluble phosphate Cd and oxalate Cd increased in roots and leaves,with a higher increase in oxalate Cd.Therefore,it is likely that root retention mechanisms,cell wall deposition,vacuole sequestration,and the formation of low mobility and low toxicity forms are tolerance strategies for Cd detoxification used by P.grandiflorum.The results of this study provide a theoretical grounding for the study of Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in P.grandiflorum,and they can be used as a reference for developing Cd limits and standards for other medicine food homology plants.
基金This project was supported by the PhD Start-up Fund of Guangdong Medical University(B2019016)Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province(20201180)+4 种基金Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province(20211223)Science and Technology Special Project of Zhanjiang(2019A01009)Basic and Applied Basic Research Program of Guangdong Province(2019A1515110201)Key Program of Marine Economy Development(Six Marine Industries)Special Foundation of Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(GDNRC[2020]038)Fund of Southern Marine Science and Engineering GuangdongLaboratory(Zhanjiang)(ZJW-2019-007).
文摘Background:Novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)has developed as a pandemic of global concern.There is an urgent need to develop effective and safe therapies.Platycodon grandiflorum(PG),one of the most famous traditional Chinese herbs,may be satisfied.In this study,we explored the pharmacological mechanism of PG in the treatment of COVID-19.Method:The active compounds and potential targets were acquired from public databases.The protein-protein interaction,the Gene Ontology,and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were determined through bioinformatics analysis.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed to further verify the findings.Result:A total of 38 bioactive ingredients and 276 gene targets of PG were identified.There were 78 intersected targets of PG and COVID-19.The network analysis revealed that luteolin,Platycogenic acid A,Platycogenic acid C,Polygalacic acid,and acacetin may be candidate agents.The AKT1,VEGFA,TP53,MAPK3,TNF,IL6,CASP3,EGFR,STAT3,and CCND1 were the important potential drug targets.Gene Ontology terms are involved in biological processes,which are mainly concentrated in inorganic substances and apoptosis,etc.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway was involved in several aspects,such as Virus infection and immune regulation-related pathways.Molecular docking results showed that compounds of PG are closely bound to related targets.Molecular dynamics further found that Robin,Flavplatycoside,and dimethyl 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylplatycogenate A can maintain good stability and flexibility in the composite system.Conclusion:PG has multicomponent,multitarget,and multichannel characteristics,which can provide an important theoretical basis to treat patients with COVID-19.
文摘A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl 16-oxo-platycodigenin 28-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-（1 → 3）-β-D-xylopyra- nosyl-（1→4）-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-α-L-arabinopyra-nosyl ester, was isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, together with three known saponins, including platycodin D, deapio platycoside E and platycoside E. The structure of the new compound, named 16-oxo-platycodin D, was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
基金the National Outstanding Youth Foundation by NNSF of China(39925040)Trans-Century Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education for financial support
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of Platycodon grandi- florum extract (PGE) on lipid metabolism and FABP mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of high fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS: PGE was treated to investigate the inhibitory effect on the pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 differentiation and pancreatic lipase activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 439.03 ± 7.61 g were divided into four groups: the control groups that fed an experimental diet alone (C and H group) and PGE treatment groups that administered PGE along with a control diet or HFD at a concentration of 150 mg/kg body weight (C + PGE and H + PGE group, respectively) for 7 wk. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerol (TG) concentrations were measured from the tail vein of rats. Adipocyte cell area was measured from subcutaneous adipose tissue and the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) mRNA expression was analyzed by northern blot analysis. RESULTS: PGE treatment inhibited 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, and also decreased pancreatic lipase activity. In this experiment, PGE signifi cantly reduced plasma TC and TG concentrations as well as body weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight. PGE also significantly decreased the size of subcutaneous adipocytes. Furthermore, it significantly repressed the up-regulation of FABP mRNA expression induced by a high-fat feeding in subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: PGE has a plasma lipid lowering-effect and anti-obesity effect in obese rats fed a high fat diet.From these results, we can suggest the possibility that PGE can be used as a food ingredient or drug component to therapeutically control obesity.
文摘The current study reports the evidence of enhancement in power generation from cellulosic biomass in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems by supplementing dried Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots powder. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were prepared using rumen fluid as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. Dried Doraji roots were ground to pass 1 mm sieve and added to the anode of MFC at 0.1% w/v dosage for treatment. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d10, collected gases were measured for total gas volume and analyzed for gas composition on gas chromatography. Supplementation of Doraji roots powder to MFC anode chamber increased power generation and CO2 production. Over the 10d experimental period, power density normalized to anode surface area were between 17.0 and 37.7 with average of 32.5 mW/m2 in Doraji MFCs, and between 16.8 and 19.8 with average of 18.2 mW/m2 in control group. CO2 production increased and methane to CO2 ratio decreased in Doraji root treatment comparing to control group. These observations imply that Doraji root components would inhibit methanogenesis and alter microbial fermentation of cellulose compounds favorable to produce bioenergy efficiently in MFC.
基金Thanks Shandong University of Technology(2004KJM09)and the Subject of Domestic Visiting Scholar for outstanding teachers to support this work。
文摘Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides(PGPs)are naturally occurring compounds derived from the flowers of platycodon grandiflorum.the microwave assisted extraction(MAE)of PGPs was studied.A three-level and three-factor Box-Behnken design was used to optimize MAE conditions,and the effects of operating conditions including microwave power(180-540 W),extraction time(20-60 s)and liquid to solid ratio(20-30 v/w)on the extraction yield of PGPs were studied through response surface methodology(RSM).The results showed that the highest yield of PGPs reached 8.35 g/(100 g)at 360 W microwave power,40 s extraction time and 25.2 v/w liquid to solid ratio.The extraction yield of PGPs was significantly affected by liquid to solid ratio(P<0.01),microwave power and extraction time(P<0.05).Compared with the conventional solvent extraction,MAE is more efficient and rapid due to the disruption of the flower tissue microstructure as a result of microwave acoustic cavitation as observed with the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).A macroporous resin,HPD400,was found to be effective for purifying the PGPs extract.
文摘肺脏肿瘤是一种高发病率、高致死率疾病[1],在发展早期主要依赖NK细胞等淋巴细胞发挥抗肿瘤作用[2],其中CXCR3^(+)NK细胞可依赖CXCL9/10等趋化因子的招募作用[3]而快速迁移,并大量分泌IFN-γ和穿孔素等效应因子,发挥免疫监视等作用[4]。桔梗-姜半夏配伍(the combination of Platycodon Grandiflorum and Pinella Ternata,PG+PT)常用于肿瘤的临床治疗中[5]。本研究旨在探讨PG+PT对肺脏肿瘤微环境中NK细胞、特别是CXCR3+NK的免疫药理作用,以明确该配伍发挥抗肿瘤作用的部分药理机制。
