Linearly Polarized Polarization-Maintaining Er^(3+)-Doped Fluoride Fiber Laser in the Mid-Infrared

We demonstrated the~2.8-μm and~3.5-μm linearly polarized continuous wave(CW)laser outputs from a polarization-maintaining(PM)Er^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser.By introducing a film polarizer into the cavity to select the laser polarization orientation,the~2.8-μm linearly polarized CW laser with a high polarization extinction ratio(PER)of~23 dB and maximum output power of 2.37 W was achieved under double-end pumping at 976 nm.By adding another 1981-nm pump source simultaneously,the~3.5-μm linearly polarized CW laser was also obtained,giving higher PER of~27 dB and maximum output power of 307 mW which is only limited by the available power of 1981-nm pump.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on a mid-infrared linearly polarized CW PM fiber laser in the>2.5-μm mid-infrared region.This work not only opens up opportunities for some new mid-infrared applications,but also provides a promising platform for developing high-stability and versatile mid-infrared laser sources.

Low-noise compact fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization evolution in an all-polarization-maintaining figure-8 cavity

We demonstrate an all-polarization-maintaining(APM)fiber mode-locked laser based on nonlinear polarization evolution(NPE).A well-designed Sagnac fiber loop is employed to establish the nonlinear polarization evolution process in a polarization beam splitter(PBS)figure-8 fiber laser.Nonlinear loss curves are calculated to verify the saturable absorption characteristic of this NPE-based APM oscillator.Then,we simulate the pulse propagation process in the cavity to demonstrate the pulse mode-locked formation.Finally,we also design a realizable compact scheme to further reduce noise disturbances,achieving a 101-fs mode-locked pulse train with a 0.3-mrad integrated phase noise and a 0.006%integrated relative intensity noise(RIN).This figure-8 fiber laser provides a new scheme for compacting low-noise compact APM fiber lasers based on the NPE mode-locked mechanism.

Electro-Optical Effect Measurement of Thin-Film Material Using PM Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

A polarization-maintaining （PM） fiber Mach-Zehnder （MZ） interferometer has been established to measure the EO effect of very thin film materials with optical anisotropy. Unlike a common MZ interferometer, all the components are connected via polarization-maintaining fibers. At the same time, a polarized DFB laser with a maximum power output of 10mW is adopted as the light source to induce a large extinction ratio. Here,we take it to determine the electro-optical coefficients of a very thin superlattice structure with GaAs, KTP, and GaN as comparative samples. The measured EO coefficients show good comparability with the others.

Generation of cavity-birefringence-dependent multi-wavelength bright-dark pulse pair in a figure-eight thulium-doped fiber laser

We experimentally demonstrated a stable multi-wavelength bright-dark pulse pair in a mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser(TDFL).The nonlinear polarization rotation(NPR)and nonlinear optical loop mirror(NOLM)were employed in a figure-eight cavity to allow for multi-wavelength mode-locking operation.By incorporating different lengths of high birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber(PMF),the fiber laser could operate stably in a multi-wavelength emission state.Compared with the absence of the PMF,the birefringence effect caused by PMF resulted in rich multi-wavelength optical spectra and better intensity symmetry and stability of the bright-dark pulse pair.

Self-starting all-fiber PM Er:laser mode locked by a biased nonlinear amplifying loop mirror

A compact all-fiber polarization-maintaining Er:laser using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror is reported. Fundamental single-pulse mode-locking operation can always self start, with a cavity round-trip decreased from ~ 4.7 m to~ 1.7 m. When the pulse repetition rate is 121.0328 MHz, output pulse is measured to have a center wavelength/3-d B spectral bandwidth/radio frequency signal to noise ratio(SNR)/pulse width of 1571.65 nm/18.70 nm/80 d B/477 fs, respectively. Besides, three states including the exponential growth, damping state, and steady state are investigated through the build-up process both experimentally and numerically. Excellent stability of this compact Er:laser is further evaluated,demonstrating that it can be an easy-fabrication maintenance-free ultrafast candidate for the scientific area of this kind.

基于PMF-Sagnac环结构的光纤压力传感特性研究

提出了一种基于熊猫保偏光纤(PMF)-Sagnac环结构的光纤压力传感系统。利用PMF对外界环境的双折射敏感且可进行窄带滤波特性,搭建了压力传感系统,并对该传感系统进行了解调。系统结构简单,成本低,易操作。理论分析表明:当传感单元固定,随着压力的增加,传感系统干涉光的波长漂移呈线性变化。实验验证了传感头分别为1 m和2 m的传感器的压力传感特性。结果显示:随着压力的升高,该传感系统干涉光的波长呈线性变化,线性度分别为0.998和0.995;灵敏度分别为0.258 nm/N和0.133 nm/N;且随着传感光纤长度的增加,透射谱波谷的3 d B带宽不会改变。

A kind of multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on Lyot filter

A multiwavelength tunable ring-cavity erbium-doped fiber laser(EDFL)based on a Lyot filter was presented.For the proposed Lyot filter,a comb filter consisting of an EDF-polarization-maintaining fiber(EDF-PMF),a polarization controller(PC),and a circulator with four ports was used to suppress the mode competition.The light transmission direction was guaranteed by the circulator.For the proposed fiber laser,tunable single,dual,triple,quadruple,quintuple,sextuple,and septuple wavelengths were realized.A single-wavelength laser output with an optical signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of up to30.56 dB was realized,and a tuning range of 1590.54 nm to 1599.54 nm was achieved by tuning the PC.The stability of the single,dual,triple,and quadruple-wavelength center power fluctuations was less than 0.05 dB,0.98 dB,5.07 dB,and7.71 dB respectively.When the laser was operated in the multiwavelength condition,the SNR was more than 20.97 dB.The proposed erbium-doped fiber laser is suitable for fiber-sensing system applications.

Polarization-maintaining few mode fiber composed of a central circular-hole and an elliptical-ring core

We propose a novel waveguide design of polarization-maintaining few mode fiber(PM-FMF) supporting ≥10non-degenerate modes, utilizing a central circular air hole and a circumjacent elliptical-ring core. The structure endows a new degree of freedom to adjust the birefringence of all the guided modes, including the fundamental polarization mode. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, by optimizing the air hole and elliptical-ring core,a PM-FMF supporting 10 distinctive polarization modes has been achieved, and the effective index difference Δn_(eff) between the adjacent guided modes could be kept larger than 1.32 × 10^(-4) over the whole C +L band. The proposed fiber structure can flexibly tailored to support an even larger number of modes in PM-FMF(14-mode PM-FMF has been demonstrated as an example), which can be readily applicable to a scalable mode division multiplexing system.

Design of PANDA ring-core fiber with 10 polarization-maintaining modes

We present a polarization-maintaining PANDA ring-core fiber(PM-PRCF) characterized by the combination of a ring-core structure with two stress-applying rods. This special fiber design separates the adjacent modes and avoids the cutoff of the higher-order modes, which is a common problem in elliptical core polarization-maintaining few-mode fibers. Using a high-contrast index ring and stress-induced birefringence, the PM-PRCF features support for 10 vector modes, with effective refractive index separations from their adjacent modes >10^(-4).Broadband performance is investigated subsequently over a wide wavelength range from 1500 to 1630 nm.The proposed fiber is targeted at applications in space-division multiplexing while eliminating the complex multiple-input multiple-output signal processing.

类矩形保偏光纤应力双折射分析

采用有限元方法对“类矩形”保偏光纤的应力双折射进行了分析,给出了保偏光纤横截面上的应力分布图形及应力双折射分布曲线;应用全矢量电磁场有限元方法,计算了保偏光纤的两个偏振模场的分布、传输常数及模式双折射.在给定模拟条件下,纤芯的应力双折射约为 3. 33×10-4,其模式双折射约为 3. 72×10-4.计算结果表明,这种“类矩形”保偏光纤与其它保偏光纤相比,有几个明显的优点,即有更佳的应力传递效果、均匀的应力场分布、更大的应力双折射.

领结型和椭圆型保偏光纤的应力和模式分析

应用有限元方法对领结型和椭圆型保偏光纤的热应力双折射特性和模式双折射进行了分析,给出了这两种保偏光纤的应力和双折射分布规律。对领结型保偏光纤,研究了纤芯的双折射和模式双折射随着应力区离纤芯距离的变化规律;对椭圆型保偏光纤,研究了纤芯的应力双折射和模式双折射随包层椭圆度的变化规律;分析了光纤应力区结构对纤芯双折射大小和均匀性的影响,并将应力诱导双折射与模式理论计算结果进行了比较。

保偏光纤技术进展及发展趋势

文章阐述了保偏光纤(PMF)的基本原理和制造技术,分析了国内外PMF的技术进展及PMF的发展趋势.

白光扫描干涉仪用于保偏光纤偏振耦合检测

采用白光扫描干涉法,利用Michelson干涉仪中移动臂的移动补偿保偏光纤中产生的光程差,从而实现对保偏光纤绕组中偏振耦合点的耦合强度及空间位置分布的有效检测。分析了白光干涉仪的原理、结构以及干涉条纹特点,进行了保偏光纤环的扫描测量。结果表明,第一个保偏光纤环的质量优于其他各环,证明了仪器设计理论和实验结果相符。

利用光纤偏振分束器和保偏光纤的传感解调系统

提出了一种利用光纤偏振分束器(PBS)和保偏光纤(PMF)中偏振模间干涉原理实现光纤布拉格光栅波长解调的方案,以提高光纤光栅传感解调系统的解调精度和稳定性。运用矩阵光学原理建立了数学分析模型,由此给出了系统输出信号与光纤光栅布拉格波长之间的关系。通过仿真分析,研究了保偏光纤长度、输入光相对于保偏光纤主轴的偏振角度和光纤偏振分束器主轴方位对系统输出信号的影响,明确提出了提高系统灵敏度的方法。根据设计方案搭建了实验系统,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:该设计方案可行,系统的波长分辨率<1pm,测量精度<1pm,温度可测量范围为90℃。该系统测量精度高,其稳定性优于利用M-Z型干涉仪的解调装置。

偏振耦合测试在分布式应力传感中的理论分析

对高双折射保偏光纤内部的分布式偏振模式耦合在分布式应力传感中的应用进行了理论分析.根据光弹理论和弹性力学理论,建立了横向应力作用下保偏光纤的偏振耦合模型,推导出应力下的偏振耦合强度公式.偏振耦合强度对应力的大小,方向,作用长度以及保偏光纤的拍长都敏感.详细分析了每一个因素对耦合强度的影响.当横向应力的作用方向角为45°,作用长度为保偏光纤的一半时,这时保偏光纤耦合强度对应力传感最敏感.

保偏光纤对轴中的同轴度调节

由于保偏光纤对轴时须保证旋转的光纤始终在显微镜的焦平面内,故本文设计了保偏光纤同轴度调节系统用于调节光纤相对电动旋转平台旋转中心的位置。采用显微视觉和电动位移平台运动检测出光纤的中心轴与电动旋转平台旋转中心的距离,基于图像信息对二维手动平台实施调节,计算出调节后理论上的同轴度误差。结合显微视觉建立了实验系统。以电动平台旋转轴中心为原点建立直角坐标系,通过图像处理采用最小二乘法得到光纤中心线的直线方程,确定光纤中心与电动平台旋转中心的距离。将基于图像阈值的灰度差分函数作为清晰度函数,用实验方法确定其阈值,从而有效降低白噪声的影响。实验结果显示,经过调节的光纤和电动旋转平台的同轴度误差为3μm,能够应用在保偏光纤偏振轴的检测中。

四元数偏振光学研究进展

全面地介绍了四元数方法在偏振光学中的理论研究进展,包括重新定义的斯托克斯四元数、琼斯四元数、琼斯-穆勒四元数(JMQ),指出了琼斯-穆勒四元数各个分量的物理意义,给出了斯托克斯四元数与琼斯四元数的简单关系。对于各向异性材料,给出了一种直接从各向异性材料的介电张量求出琼斯-穆勒四元数JMQ的方法。证明了多重双折射效应导致的合成双折射满足重新定义的矢量叠加原理,以及使用叠加原理的条件。介绍了四元数偏振光学在保偏光纤应力传感器中的应用,利用四元数方法分析了它们的偏振问题,进行了实验,结果表明,利用四元数方法的理论分析结果与实验结果互相吻合得很好。

三种保偏光纤的偏振特性研究

应用全矢量模型对3种保偏光纤———椭圆芯光纤、椭圆芯光子晶体光纤和六角芯光子晶体光纤的偏振特性进行了分析。3种保偏光纤的基模场均具有较强的线偏振特性,光子晶体保偏光纤的模式双折射和走离幅度比椭圆芯光纤高1～2个量级。其中六角芯结构更为有效,该结构不仅能有效地限制模场,而且模式双折射和走离幅度比椭圆芯光子晶体光纤高1倍。在所讨论的光子晶体保偏光纤中,大的走离使x和y两个偏振基模无法满足耦合所需的相位匹配条件,耦合效率大幅度下降,更易实现光的保偏传输。这为研制高性能的保偏光纤提供了一条新的途径。

基于保偏光纤的应力传感系统设计与测试分析

提出了一种基于保偏光纤的应力传感及测试系统,讨论了保偏光纤在外部应力作用理偏振态的变化情况。从理论上分析了该传感系统的工作原理,搭建了实验系统,对光偏振度变化情况进行检测,采用DSP系统对实验结果进行实时采集处理。通过对外处理结果进行分析,论证了保偏光纤应用于传感系统的有效性。

用于保偏光纤自动定轴的多轴精密细分驱动系统设计

保偏光纤自动定轴技术涉及光纤位置、姿态的精确定位、检测和调整,对光纤位置、姿态实时精确的调整提出了较高的要求。设计并实现了一种用于保偏光纤自动定轴的多轴步进电机细分驱动控制电路。该电路以TI公司的DSP2812为控制系统核心构架,采用DRV8846作为功率级驱动芯片,在研究步进电机控制和细分驱动原理基础上,对电流细分和自动衰减模式方案进行了设计,有效抑制电机运动过程中的噪声和机械振动,改善低频振荡、高频失步等现象,在提高步进电机运动性能的同时,实现了系统的小型化。