Enhancing Police Officers’ Cybercrime Investigation Skills Using a Checklist Tool

This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories as well as comparison between traditional criminal techniques and cybercrime. As the abilities and skills required for detectives to investigate cybercrime have been discussed. Additionally, literature review and related work, was addressed challenges role of the police in combating cybercrime and facing cybercrime policing. We proposed the main tool in the study which is “Checklist of essential skills for a cybercrime investigator”. Thus, to gain the ability to Identify technical and practical requirements in terms of skills, programs, and equipment to achieve effective and professional results in fight cybercrimes.

An Evaluation of Suicidality and Its Predictors in Police Officers in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: The many dangers and stressors associated with police work often place police officers at a great risk of a variety of mental health morbidity, including suicidality. The causation of suicidality is multi-dimensional, however, there are insufficient studies which have examined the burden and risk factors of suicidality in Nigerian police officers. Objective: To determine the prevalence and predictors of suicidality among police officers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 600 police officers who were selected using a non-probability sampling method. Questionnaires used were: Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of suicidality was 14%, and the predictors of suicidality were: state anxiety (p 0.001), trait anxiety (p 0.001), substance use (p = 0.03), being unmarried (p = 0.03), and female gender (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Suicidality is prevalent among Nigerian police officers, with a higher risk in those who are vulnerable. The creation of government policies and infrastructure which promote mental health in police officers is necessary.

Strategies for Countering Freezing in Police Operational Activities

The term“freezing”refers to an innate defensive reaction characterized by the sudden cessation of all movements(Stote&Fanselow,2004;Eilam,2005).The freezing effect involving a police officer exposes him to a risk to himself and others.Materials and Methods:400 anonymous questionnaires administered to law enforcement personnel in Switzerland were evaluated with the aim of testing their knowledge about the freezing phenomenon.In addition,semi-structured interviews involving police personnel were conducted.The authors also analyzed two cases of police officers who had experienced freezing.Results and Conclusions:From the results obtained,it emerges that freezing is not known to most of the police officers interviewed.Therefore,specific and innovative training seems to be necessary.The authors described the brain mechanisms that are involved in freezing.Innovative integrated training modules have been proposed by applying some neuroscientific knowledge,particularly using the potential of mirror neurons.The authors propose a strategy for supporting police officers who have experienced an episode of freezing.The ultimate goal is to provide more scientific tools to protect police officers and civilians.

POLICE原则结合微波治疗踝关节扭伤的临床疗效观察

目的探讨POLICE原则结合微波治疗踝关节扭伤的临床疗效。方法将符合条件的72例踝关节扭伤患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各36例患者。观察组采用POLICE原则结合微波治疗,对照组采用POLICE原则治疗。分别于治疗前、治疗5周后对患者进行Kofoed评分标准评分,从疼痛、功能和活动度3个方面进行评价和比较。结果治疗5周后,治疗组患者的Koford评分高于对照组[(89.17±8.73)分vs.(63.28±4.80)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 POLICE原则结合微波治疗踝关节扭伤能有效缓解疼痛、恢复活动度、提高功能。

POLICE原则治疗急性踝关节扭伤的疗效分析

目的：探讨应用POLICE原则治疗急性踝关节扭伤的临床疗效.方法：2013年7月-2014年1月间我院急诊外科共收治一、二级急性踝关节扭伤患者132例.随机分为A、B两组.A组的治疗基于RICE原则,B组应用POLICE原则.分别于接受治疗后1周、2周、3周、4周、6周、8周进行随访.治疗前、后的踝关节功能按Kofoed评分标准进行评价.治疗前后结果以t检验进行组内比较,治疗后结果以t检验进行组间比较,P﹤0.05时结果有统计学意义.结果：两组患者于末次随访时Kofoed评分均优于治疗前（P﹤0.05）.B组经治疗后第1、2、3、4周Kofoed评分优于A组患者（P﹤0.05）,而第6、8周时,两组结果无明显差异（P﹥0.05）.结论：应用POLICE原则治疗急性踝关节扭伤的早期临床结果优于传统的RICE原则.

A Systemic Functional Study of the English Police Caution——An Analysis of the “Miranda Warnings”

Based on the interpersonal function in Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,"Miranda Warnings",the typical English Police Caution,is analyzed from the aspects of Mood system,Modality system and Appraisal system,with the aim of exploring its interpersonal meanings.Results show that:first,the declarative mood and interrogative mood used in the police caution protect the legitimate rights of the interrogated;second,the widely use of Low value modal verbs demonstrates a more humane and democratic legislation principle;and third,the absence of Affect resources and the frequent application of Capacity resources narrow the interpersonal distance between policeman and the interrogated,reflecting the transformation in policeman’s interrogation practices.

“POLICE”原则在急性软组织损伤康复中的应用

本研究归纳急性软组织损伤处理原则的变化进程,总结出最新处理急性软组织损伤的方法,旨为急性软组织损伤即时处理及伤后恢复提供科学的依据。

The Current Situation and Planning Strategy of Police Station Facilities in Megacities Under the Background of New Urbanization:A Case Study of Changping District in Beijing

In the process of new urbanization,the population of megacities is increasing rapidly,the scale of cities is expanding,and the supply of service facilities has been unable to meet the demand.As an important carrier of urban governance and urban management,the police station should properly deal with the existing problems in the urban police stations,and improve the quality of life of residents by optimizing urban service facilities,which is of great significance for the implementation of people-oriented new urbanization.Taking Changping District of Beijing as an example,this study pointed out that there were many problems in police stations in Changping District.For example,the area of land is not up to the standard,the service capacity is not up to the demand,and the facilities are not up to the demand.Then,three planning strategies:adjusting the planning standards of facilities,optimizing the spatial layout of facilities,and strengthening the later guarantee of facilities were put forward,so as to improve people’s satisfaction with life,promote the high-quality development of new urbanization,and provide reference for the supplement of service facilities in megacities.

Risk factors of COVID-19 infection among policemen: A case-control study

Objective:To investigate the risk factors and protective measures of COVID-19 among policemen in an eastern state of India.Methods:This case-control study was conducted in Bihar,located in the eastern part of India.In total,6 confirmed COVID-19 cases(the case group)and 11 negative contacts of these cases(the control group)of Bihar Military Police participated in the study.Results:All subjects were male with a median age of 51(range:23-60)years.Among these 6 confirmed cases,5 cases were asymptomatic.One third(33.3%)of the case group and the majority(90.9%)of the control group reported maintenance of physical distance of at least 1 meter with others all the time,which was significantly different(P=0.028).There was no other statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group.Conclusions:Physical distancing is the most effective public health measure to control contagious diseases like COVID-19,especially in the absence of an effective vaccine in police settings.

Background, Current Situation and International Experience of Food and Drug Police System

Establishing the food and drug police system is particularly important for effectively striking at illegal and criminal activities related to food and drug. This study firstly revealed actual background of establishment of the food and drug police system. Taking the high profile gutter oil case in 2013 as an example,it analyzed advantages of the police in food safety supervision. Then,it summarized some pilot projects in China and analyzed characteristics of the Office of Criminal Investigations of FDA. Finally,it came up with problems and recommendations for improving food and drug police system.

P2P &LBS Technology-Based Mobile Police System Design

With the coverage by the mobile network and the popularization of mobile phone communication software, the traditional voice communication, short message service and even the interconnection service have gradually been replaced by mobile terminal equipment. Confronted with the ever-increasingly serous information explosion, police authorities meet with new challenges in their daily police work. This paper establishes a mobile police application system integrating office work, early warning, publicity and surveillance through careful study of the Peer to Peer and Location Based technology, striving to transform the traditional idea, break the traditional mode, expand the tradition scope so as to better exercise the social supervision function, publicize precaution information and crack down on crime.

Simulation of Police Actions and Operations

The paper presents modern perception of crisis management and its importance for security in the context of non-military threats. It shows the role of the police as a part of a governmental system, performing their tasks in all stages of crisis management. And it is about simulator crisis situation.

Perceptions of People on Police Efficiency and Crime Prevention in Urban Areas in Malaysia

Crime cases from snatch thefts to murders, are becoming increasingly common in Malaysia according to the database of the Royal Malaysian Police （RMP）, the current overall Crime Index in Malaysia was 147,062 for 2013 compared with 65,237 in 1977. The database also revealed that the number of property crimes reported in this country has always exceeded the number of violent crimes. Although in 2013, crimes related to property are higher （117,687） than violent crime （29,375）, the gradual increase in the latter does worry Malaysians. Likewise, Malaysian Government had implemented a ＂safe community＂ concept, inspired by the Malaysian Crime Prevention Foundation （MCPF）, a non-government organization, as they were concerned that the threat of violent crime and non-violent crime would eventually reduce the quality of life for many individuals. The concept is very important to the public as it is perceived as improved safety for the public with less crime. This study analyzes the public safety through their perceptions on the effectiveness of the policeman and suggesting few prevention actions against crime. The data were collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. Specifically, this study focuses on the more developed states in this country. From the cross tabulation analysis, the majority of respondents agreed that the police are effective in controlling crime. Approximately, 72.1% of respondents felt that the police are efficient in controlling crime.

Option of Fiscal and Financial Polices Based on Monitoring Boom of Urban Employment

With downward pressure of economy facing, monitoring boom index of employment continue to decline. This paper will research on how to cope with urban employment problem using fiscal and financial polices,through building system of boom of urban employment, and identifying risk signal of Chinese urban employment.

Research on the Construction of Safety Guarantee System for Police Technical and Tactical Training in Public Security Colleg

The security system for police technical and tactical training in public security colleges in China is mainly composed of seven security guarantee systems: management organization, safety education, laws and regulations, training control, site equipment, safety supervision and emergency plan, scienti??cally and rationally constructing a security system in relevant public security colleges. This paper has carried out a comprehensive research on Hebei Vocational College of Public Security Police, and provided corresponding safety theory and guarantee for the security protection of the college during the police training period.

Police Emergency Commitment Powers in Cases of Persons Experiencing Mental Health Crisis in “Public Spaces”: Review of the Commitment Process in England and Wales, in Comparison to the Practice in the United States of America (USA)

Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical and legal circles on both sides of the Atlantic. The objective of this article is to detail the police commitment procedure in England and Wales, as dictated by the mental health act of 1983 (MHA 1983) amended in 2007 (MHA 2007);and compare this with similar legal provisions as prevails under current state mental health statutes in the United States of America (USA). The comparative review of the commitment processes in England and Wales to that of the USA reveals that the process in England and Wales seeks to primarily ensure that persons with mental disorder (PWMD) in crisis are directed to a specialist hospital for evaluation and appropriate specialist care. In the USA such persons in a good number of cases may end up in the criminal justice system due to application of the “dangerousness” standard. Additionally whereas in England and Wales the commitment law is uniform in law and application, the federal system in the USA is such that the commitment law may have minor variations depending on the individual states. The minor variation in state commitment laws may engender a situation where the commitment law in England and Wales may seem relatively equitable and just towards PWMD in crisis, compared to the state commitment laws in the USA.

Exploratory Study on the Simulated Police Force Allocation of Shopping Mall Emergency Based on AnyLogic Platform

Due to the rapid development of society,public places,especially large shopping malls,are relatively frequent places for emergencies.Such emergencies not only seriously affect public security and property,but also bring great psychological pressure to citizens.Therefore,this study is of great significance for the exploration and study of public place emergencies.The research object of this study is the public shopping mall.Based on the AnyLogic simulation platform and guided by the relevant principles of social force model,this study utilize the pedestrian storehouse in the platform as the core module to build the simulation environment,and attempts to simulate the police force restraining effect on the overall event and the perpetrators after the occur of emergent incident under different police force allocations.In order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data,the research team conducted field survey to estimate the average flow of people and the general data of the security personnel in shopping malls,also estimated the rest rain and capture time after repeated experiments.The results indicate that increasing additional police force outside the shopping malls and pre-organizing reasonable patrol routes can obviously facilitate police officers to restrain perpetrators.Meanwhile,it is also clear that the AnyLogic platform can effectively simulate pedestrian movement and interaction behaviour in emergencies.

A Bright and New Star at 2002 China nternational Police Equipment Fair

From June 11-14, 2002, China International Police Equipment Fair andTechnological Exchange Meeting was successfully held in Chinese AgriculturalExhibition Center, Beijing City. It was a grand gathering of unprecedented scale,attracting unprecedented number of enterprises and visitors to attend. More thantwo hundred domestic enterprises and over one hundred foreign Companies from19 countries and regions including Italy, UK, France, German, USA, Japan,

Design and Implementation of Police Equipment Knowledge Query System

In the field of public security,the standardized use of police equipment can better assist the public security police in performing their duties.With the advancement of science and technology of the times,police equipment is also constantly developing,and more and more new types of police equipment have appeared.Nowadays,there are a large number and variety of police equipment,and public security police are facing the challenge of mastering and updating equipment knowledge.This article builds a knowledge base of police equipment based on the knowledge of opening source data on the Internet,uses a variety of databases to store knowledge,and presents knowledge of police equipment in the formof knowledge queries,innovatively applying the concept of knowledge base to police Knowledge of equipment in science.Knowledge is presented in three modules:encyclopedia knowledge,question answering knowledge,and product knowledge,which can answer the description questions and experience questions of police equipment.The query accuracy rate for the physical problems of police equipment is 70%,and the query accuracy rate of the experience problems of police equipment is 90%.The design and implementation of the system solves the problem of knowledge fusion in the field of police equipment in opening source data,and at the same time can help the police to sort out the knowledge structure of police equipment,fully understand the police equipment,and better serve public security Field related work.

The CLT Police:Questioning the Communicative Approach(I)

Simon Andrewes analyses the approach known as Communicative language Teaching.It was minted on certain assumptions about students'needs,classroom composition,exposure to L2,cultural packaging,uses of language,learner autonomy,etc.If these assumptions do not apply to a particular teaching situation,the methodology itself is invalidated.