Policy Suggestions for the Slowdown in Per Capital Output of Grain Growth in China

China is a large agricultural and the most populous country, so it is a crucial importance for the food security. The basic situation of food in our country is self-sufficiency, a certain amount of imports and reserves. The output of grain in our country has increased annually, however, as a result of policy adjustments and other factors like environmental pollution, together with a large population base and the trend of excessively popu- lous growth, the growth of grain output is relatively slow, which will be harmful for our grain security as well as the healthy development of the na- tional economy. In this case, several solutions could be tried, such as improving the level of science and technology, adjusting industrial policies and controlling environmental pollution. Besides, we ought to strongly advocate thrifty behavior to increase income and reduce expenditure.

Targets & Policy Suggestions for Sustainable Development in Next 10 Years

This article is a detailed abstract of the strategic objectives and policy suggestions for China’s sustainable development in the national 10th Five-year Plan (2001-2005) and the decade-long National Scheme by 2010, proposed in a report on China’s current actualities by a joint research team on national conditions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University.

An evaluation of the economic,social,and ecological risks of China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railway construction and policy suggestions

The construction of China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railways is a strategic move to promote transportation infrastructure inter-connectivity between these countries, which will accelerate the implementation of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. However, well-planned China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railways demand accurately identifying construction risks, scientifically evaluating risk levels, and mapping the spatial distribution of these risks. Therefore, this study established the integrated risk evaluation model(IREM) to scientifically evaluate the economic, social, and ecological risks of China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railway construction and determine their magnitude and spatial distribution pattern. Based on this analysis, we propose designs for the east and west China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railways and policy suggestions to mitigate construction risks. Suggestions include developing innovative cooperation of the "high-speed railway for resources and market", strengthening communication and technology dissemination, and applying innovative engineering techniques and setting buffers; establishing collaborative prevention and control systems to mitigate the three major ecological risks in the China, Mongolia, and Russia trans-border areas; and promoting economic integration by improving strategic coordination. In summary, this study provides scientific support for designing the China-Mongolia-Russia high-speed railways minimizing construction risks.

Pathway and policy analysis to China's deep decarbonization

The Paris Agreement marks the beginning of a new era in the global response to climate change, which further clarifies the long-term goal and underlines the urgency addressing climate change. For China,promoting the decoupling between economic growth and carbon emissions as soon as possible is not only the core task of achieving the medium-and long-term goals and strategies to address climate change, but also the inevitable requirement for ensuring the sustainable development of economy and society. Based on the analysis of the historical trends of the economy and social development, as well as society, energy consumption, and key end-use sectors in China, this paper studies the deep carbon emission reduction potential of carbon emission of in energy, industry, building, and transportation and other sectors with "bottom-up" modeling analysis and proposes a medium-and long-term deep decarbonization pathway based on key technologies' mitigation potentials for China. It is found that under deep decarbonization pathway, China will successfully realize the goals set in China's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions of achieving carbon emissions peak around 2030 and lowering carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product(GDP) by 60-65% from the 2005 level.From 2030 onward, the development of nonfossil energy will further accelerates, and the share of nonfossil energies in primary energy will amounts to about 44% by 2050. Combined with the acceleration of low-carbon transformation in end-use sectors including industry, building, and transportation, the carbon dioxide emissions in 2050 will fall to the level before 2005, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will decreases by more than 90% from the 2005 level. To ensure the realization of the deep decarbonization pathway, this paper puts forward policy recommendations from four perspectives, including intensifying the total carbon dioxide emissions cap and strengthening the related institutional systems and regulations, improving the incentive policies for industrial lowcarbon development, enhancing the role of the market mechanism, and advocating low-carbon life and consumption patterns.

Study on the Agricultural Fuel Consumption Subsidy Policy for Wheat Straw Low Stubble——Taking the Investigation of Wheat Combine Harvester as an Example in Xushui District of Hebei Province

With the improvement of agricultural mechanization equipment levels, the mechanized wheat harvesting level has been above 80% and the rate of wheat straw returned has increased significantly in the main wheat production of wheat of northern countryside in China. Chinese government popularized the beneficial agronomic measures in the process of wheat straw returned field by mechanization. The agronomic measure was reducing the wheat straw stubble height(WSSH) not more than 20 cm.However, local government didn't apply and disseminate the measure, because in practice the cost of fuel consumption was high, and the operation time of harvesting was longer than ever. The machinery operators and farmers needed to support extra fuel cost and time if they took government's advice. In fact, the objective subsidy policy of fuel cost on reducing WSSH was not been formulated by all levels of government. Therefore, the set of agronomic measure couldn't be popularized in main wheat production area of North China. Our research addressed to master the changing feature of fuel cost and mechanical efficiency,seeking suitable subsidy standard, providing some useful and constructive suggestions to improve subsidy policy of fuel consumption cost for national government department. The study carried out the tracking experiments of the operation efficiency and fuel costs of farm harvester in the situation of different WSSH in 2010 in Xushui District of Hebei Province. In conclusion, the operation time of harvesting decline and machinery fuel consumption cost increased along with the decreasing of WSSH. First for the older harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 18.7% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 10 cm, the cost would increase 4.7%, exact cost was 152.2CNY per hectare. For the new harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 39.9% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 15 cm, the cost would increase 4.6%, exact cost was 368.4CNY per hectare. We provided about 375 CNY per hectare to the mechanical operators and farmer who attended this project, and they were willing to accept the subsidies. We also put forwards some policy suggestions on promoting agronomic measures of reducing WSSH including strengthen the construction of agricultural machinery service system, practise a special fuel consumption subsidies of agricultural machinery and open up new paths for combine sales and circulation.

Compilation of Emission Inventory of Air Pollution Sources in Beijing and Suggestions on Emission Reduction Policies

By establishing emission inventory of air pollution sources in Beijing,and classifying and compiling the pollutant types and corresponding pollution source data in more detail,it could provide the reference for studying causes of haze and related policy impact assessment in Beijing.In this paper,selecting relevant data published in the Beijing Statistical Yearbook,referring to emission coefficients in the technical guidelines for the preparation of various pollution sources,and combining characteristics of energy consumption in Beijing,emission inventory of air pollution sources in six parts is established:thermal power plant,industrial combustion source(by industry),technological process source(by product variety),motor vehicle,building construction and residents life,and the contribution rate of each part to air pollutants is given.Finally,policy suggestions for haze control in Beijing are put forward.

Suggestions on the Current Electricity Price Level and Policies in China

The State Council decided to raise the retail electricity price by 0.25 Yuan/kWh from July, 2008. This will, to some extent, relieve the conflicts between power supply and demand, and decrease the economic losses in

Thoughts on Building Nanchang a Forestry City

From the concept of urban forest and status quo of urban forest in Nanchang,the problems existing on urban forest were proposed,as well as countermeasures and suggestions.

Analysis of Batik Value Chain in Ethnic Minority Areas--A Case Study of Danzhai County in Guizhou Province

Based on value chain analysis method,we surveyed and interviewed interest groups of batik industry in Danzhai County.From raw material production,product processing,marketing,organization and management,we discussed the supply chain of batik products in ethnic minority areas,and analyzed favorable factors of batik industry development and obstacles to interest groups developing batik industry.Finally,we put forward corresponding policy suggestions,including strengthening farmers' ability in batik production section,enhancing capability construction of batik cooperatives and associations,increasing cultural value added of batik products,bolster policy and financial support of government departments,and promoting establishment of cooperative mechanism for handicrafts.

The analysis of the influence factors of China＇s real estate prices

The real estate market is an ilnportant part of China＇s socialist market economy. Real estate price xs not only a profound role on the level of consumption of the residents, but a profound role on the steady development of the banking sector-based financial sector. Real estate price have a significant impact not only on the development ofmacroeconomic stability, but on the safety of financial system. Chinese economy is currently on the period of transition from investment and export promotion of economic growth mode to a demand-led growth, it is an important role to China＇s economic growth for sustained and healthy development of real estate market.

China’s carbon accounting system in the context of carbon neutrality: Current situation, challenges and suggestions

Global climate governance is currently at the stage of carbon neutrality.Improving the quality of emissions inventories at different levels has become a critical climate governance task,which not only contributes to the Global Stocktake but also helps verify compliance progress and address new trade barriers.This study provides a comprehensive review of international carbon accounting standards and guidelines while assessing the potential impact of upcoming carbon tax policies,such as the EU CBAM and the U.S.CCA.On this basis,the current situation and challenges of China's carbon emission accounting system are systematically analysed,and suggestions for improvement are proposed.The results show that carbon tax policies will increase the requirements for emission inventories and will strengthen the correlation between different levels.The improvement of China's carbon accounting system should be accelerated.Although the regional carbon accounting guidelines are already in line with international guidelines,further improvements are needed at the enterprise and product levels.New boundaries need to be set in China's corporate carbon accounting guidelines,and the speed of developing product carbon accounting guidelines should be increased.The quality of emissions inventories should be comprehensively improved by implementing a combination of policies,including corporate carbon information disclosure,green supply chain construction,activity data statistics and verification,and a dynamic emission factor database.

On the design of ＂carbon neutral＂ mode for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

＂Green Olympics＂ is one of the three main ideas for the Beijing 2008 Olympics. ＂carbon neutral＂, an environmental protection movement targeted at the reduction of CO2 emission, has gradually become a standard for sustainable development. In this paper, in-depth analysis is conducted on both the idea of ＂Green Olympics＂ and ＂carbon neutral＂, a strategic plan of combining the ideas of Beijing ＂Green Olympics＂ and ＂carbon neutral＂ is designed, and suggestions on technical and economic public policies are put forward for the ＂carbon neutral＂ plan of the Beijing 2008 Green Olympics.

Current Status, Challenges and Policy Recommendations Regarding the Sustainable Development of Mining Areas in China

As important suppliers of energy resources, mining areas have made huge contributions to China’s socio-economic development. However, some factors are inhibiting the further development of mining areas and, thereby pose a threat to social stability, as wel as resource and energy security in the country. In 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission formulated a project aiming to support the sustainable development of mining areas. This study collected and compiled the project’s first-hand survey data from 128 mining areas across China and comprehensively investigated the current development status of the country’s mining areas. The problems facing the development of China’s mining areas are analyzed, and four speciifc suggestions are provided, namely：promote industry transformation, remove institutional constraints, improve people’s livelihoods to maintain the stability of mining areas, and protect the environment to provide a clean, healthy living environment for mining area residents. This paper provides the ifrst comprehensive and systematic picture of China’s mining areas and highlights the importance of mining areas for the country’s economic and social development.

A Beautiful China Initiative Towards the Harmony between Humanity and the Nature

The Beautiful China Initiative(BCI)is a vivid embodiment of the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature during modernization.Implementing the BCI is an effective method for achieving the goals of building a beautiful China,while offering a“Chinese solution”to global sustainable development.This article summarizes the progress and main experiences of the BCI,as well as analyzing the primary challenges facing its future development.Finally,five policy recommendations are proposed,which emphasize the importance of top-level design,coordinated planning,and a robust support system in the implementation of the BCI.

Challenges in Development of the Biomass Energy Industry in China

Based on an analysis of the status of biomass energy sources worldwide including China, this paper concludes that the development of the biomass energy industry in China is limited by factors asfollows：food security; lack of understanding of domestic sources; the deficiency of the policy environment; and environmental protection. There are also other challenges such as： low overall level of industry development; not having yet established a complete biomass energy industry system; high production costs; weak market competition; lack of investment in research and technology; low level of market admittance threshold; and disorder of industry development. Therefore, proposed policies aimed at promoting the healthy and rapid development of the biomass energy industry are as follows： improving the policy and regulatory system to enable the biomass energy industry to develop; greater evaluation of biomass energy material resources; accelerating the development of biomass energy conversion and use technologies; establishing the demonstration bases of biomass energy industry.

Estimation for ammonia emissions at county level in China from 2013 to 2018

Ammonia (NH_(3)) can interact with other trace chemicals in the atmosphere,significantly impacting atmospheric chemistry and global climate change.China is a largely agricultural country with high consumption of nitrogen fertilizer and large livestock herds,resulting in high NH_(3) emissions.In this study,a comprehensive county-level inventory of Chinese NH_(3) emissions from 2013 to 2018 was compiled.Based on previous research,an estimate of NH_(3) emissions from household coal combustion was added to the inventory.The estimation of emissions from open biomass burning was improved by using a method based on fire radiative energy (FRE).The total NH_(3) emissions in China increased from 2013 (9.64 Tg) to 2015 (9.75 Tg),and then decreased to 9.12 Tg in 2018.Emissions from fossil fuels reached a peak value in 2018,accounting for 8.4%of total emissions,while fertilizer application and livestock waste were responsible for fewer emissions than in previous years,accounting for 27.7%and 49.9%of the total from non-fossil fuel sources,respectively.The highest emission rates were in central and southwestern China.Seasonally,NH_(3) emissions peaked in spring and summer.The inventory had a 1-km spatial resolution and a monthly temporal resolution,which confirmed its suitability for global and regional air quality simulations.

Evolutionary Game on Oil and Gas Companies' Pollution Treatment

This paper presents a dynamic model of pollution treatment strategies,driven by the bargaining relationships between governments,oil and gas companies and local residents.The results show that government plays a dominating role and government environmental policies have significant impact on other two parties' behavior.To achieve better pollution treatment in the future,we put forward the following suggestions.An improvement in the legal system is required,and the legal enforcement needs to be strengthened.In terms of pollution treatment,responsibilities and obligations of these three parties need to be clearly defined.A wellfunctioned reward and penalties system needs to be established for minimizing the environment damage in the future.