Vocational School–Enterprise Cooperation in China:A Review of Policy Reforms,1978–2022

Purpose:This study conducted a review of policy reforms of school–enterprise cooperation in China's vocational education and its characteristics at different stages.Design/Approach/Methods:This study systematically reviewed vocational educational policies on school–enterprise cooperation adopted by the Chinese government since 1978 using textual analysis.Findings:The development of school–enterprise cooperation in China's vocational education can be divided into four stages:spontaneous development(Stage 1),central position establishment(Stage 2),systematic design(Stage 3),and institutional construction(Stage 4).After years of practice and exploration,China's school–enterprise cooperation has made impressive achievements,but also has several problems that require further improvement.Originality/Value:This study examined over 40 years of history of the development of vocational school–enterprise cooperation in China,providing a useful reference for learning and understanding Chinese vocational education.

Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Research in China’s Colleges: A Review of Policy Reforms, 2000–2020

Purpose:This study conducts a systematic review of policy reforms for the evaluation of scientific and technological research(E-STR)in China’s colleges.In doing so,it identifies changes to past policies,as well as the objectives and realizability of the most recent policy reform.Design/Approach/Methods:This study systematically reviews the contexts of E-STR policy reforms in China’s colleges post 2000 using three important related policy documents from 2003,2013,and 2020 as samples.Research findings were obtained via content analysis.Findings:Unlike previous attempts,the most recent policy reform has incorporated the lessons learned while introducing highly targeted measures and a monitoring mechanism.Such reform should accelerate the promotion of major original scientific research in China’s colleges,enhance the contribution of scientific research to socioeconomic development,and strengthen support for the cultivation of undergraduate talents.Originality/Value:Initiated in the early part of 2000,China’s latest E-STR policy reform constitutes an important turning point in the initiative to burst the research bubble and return to the essence of innovation.It will drive China’s colleges to embark on a research path that places value on original innovation and contribution to socioeconomic development.

New Policy on Reforming State-owned Enterprises

Inthereformofstate-ownedenterprisesinChina,whatmeasureswillbeadoptedbytheChinaStateEconomicandTradeCommission?Inanswertothisquestion,Mr.HouYunchun,spokesmanfortheChinaStateEconomicandTradeCommission,saidasfollows:Someneedtobeorganizedintolargergroups...

Chongqing,An Epitome of China's Reform and Open Policy

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中国改革开放成功经验及其对非洲的影响

Over the past four decades,the Chinese people have always pursued development with an open door,and have accomplished a great transition from seclusion and semi-seclusion to all-round openness.China,s economic progress,understood in a global historical context,is unique.Facing the rise of foreign companies in China,Beijing balances market competition due to the diversification of economic actors and local protection of SOEs and strategically important industries.The CPC has developed powerful,effective top-down mobilization capacities.The quality of the ruling party is also vital to developing countries,and most developing countries usually still lack well-developed governments,markets and civil societies.Reforms are necessary for growth and for the ruling party as well.While African developing countries face the challenge of finding a suitable development path,they could find the answer after getting a better understanding of Chinese reform and opening up.

Impacts of Two Tax Reforms on Inequality and Welfare in China

This paper takes stock of the existing literature on taxation and presents a framework to evaluate the impacts of tax policy reforms from the perspectives of progressivity and social welfare.It applies this framework to examine two tax reforms in China and finds that(i)the abolition of the regressive agricultural tax in 2005 has significantly improved the social welfare of rural residents;(ii)the increase in the income tax thresholds in 2011 increased progressivity but reduced the overall income tax share of total taxation.When the majority of the taxpayers are in the lower tax bracket,progressivity has little real impact in improving income distribution.

Bringing Chinese Law in Line with Western Standards?Problematizing“Chinese”and“Western”in the Late Qing Debate over the New Criminal Code of Great Qing

This article examines the intense debates over the New Criminal Code of Great Qing(Da-Qing xin xinglü)in the National Assembly(Zizheng yuan)during the Qing empire’s New Policy Reform(1901–11).The focus is on the conflict between those who drafted and supported the new code and those who expressed reservations,especially over reform of the laws on filial piety and fornication.The issue of reconfiguring the family and social order through law was closely related to the overarching agenda of twentieth century legal reform in China—making an empire that“ruled through the principle of filial piety”into a modern nation-state that had direct relationships with its citizens.More importantly,an analysis of the late Qing debate over family law enables this article to problematize such concepts as“Chinese”and“Western”during this crucial moment of China’s empire-to-nation transformation.It showcases the paradox of China’s modern-era reforms—a contradiction between imposing Western-inspired order with a largely indigenous logic and maintaining existing sociopolitical order in the name of preserving national identity.