Paired Assistance:Policy Rationale and Economic Performance as Illustrated by Xizang and Xinjiang

This study highlights the changing priorities of China’s paired assistance throughout the past decades,as well as its theoretical implications and economic growth effects for recipient regions.Using panel data from 32 prefecture-level cities from 1990 to 2020,this study uses the multiperiod difference-in-differences approach to examine how paired assistance has contributed to economic growth in Xizang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The findings indicate that,first,the implementation of the paired assistance policy has boosted economic growth in Xizang and Xinjiang.Second,paired assistance has stimulated economic growth in recipient communities by improving infrastructure.Third,paired assistance has contributed to economic growth in recipient communities by providing improved public services such as education and healthcare.Improvements to public services have a relatively smaller indirect effect in short term than infrastructure development on economic growth.Yet both education and healthcare are crucial to people’s quality of life in recipient communities.This paper has refined and broadened research on the effects of paired assistance,providing preference for future policymaking.

Does Financial Globalization Discipline Macroeconomic Policies

Using the unbalanced panel data of 160 countries from 1970 to 2007,we employ inflation and the budget deficit as proxies for monetary policy and fiscal policy,respectively,and study whether financial globalization has discipline effects on these macroeconomic policies.The empirical results in our study suggest a significant discipline effect of financial globalization on monetary policy during the entire sample period,which is robust both to de jure and to de facto measures of financial openness.Our sub-sample investigations demonstrate that financial globalization reduces inflation only in higher-middle-income and high-income countries,and when financial globalization is scaled by the proportion of a country’s foreign assets and liabilities to its GDP,the discipline is evident only after 1988.Nevertheless,we do not demonstrate any evidence of financial globalization’s discipline effect on fiscal policy.The empirical results indicate that financial globalization even increases the budget deficit in certain countries and periods.

Analysis and Innovative Strategies of Tax Preferential Policies to Promote the Sustainable Development of Small-Scale Individual Businesses

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the current tax preferential policies for small-scale individual businesses and compared them with similar policies both domestically and internationally,aiming to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the current system.After examining the impact of these tax preferential policies on the economic status of individual business owners and the broader social economy,this article proposes a set of innovative tax preferential strategies based on theoretical foundations.By developing these innovative strategies and clarifying their implementation paths,the aim is to promote the sustainable and healthy development of small-scale individual businesses,thereby fostering comprehensive socio-economic progress.The conclusion of this study not only summarizes policy recommendations with practical significance but also provides theoretical support for the optimization and innovation of future related systems.

Verification of the Physiological Therapeutic Effects of Harvesting Activities in a Patient with Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Long-Term Agricultural Experience

Background: Harvesting activities have proven effective in reducing stress in patients with dementia. At a psychiatric hospital, occupational therapists (OT) made patients with dementia perform vegetable harvesting activities as a part of their treatment. The patients became calmer and began to smile not only after but also before and during harvesting activity. Therefore, this study aimed to measure autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses over time in a female patient in her 80s with moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who had experience in farming when performing harvesting activities. Additionally, this study aimed to consider factors associated with changes in ANS responses over time and to verify the physiological therapeutic effects of harvesting activities. Methods: An OT with more than 10 years of experience and a good relationship with the patient conducted one-on-one sessions with the patient. Harvesting activity was performed in a courtyard with trees. The patient harvested lettuce (three lettuce plants) grown in a planter while sitting on a chair. Additionally, the planter was set up on a desk. ANS responses were measured over time from before to after the activity for different events at six time periods. Changes in the patient’s ANS responses were assessed during each period. Results: With the involvement of environmental factors and OT during harvesting activities, parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity significantly increased. This may lead to improved mental stability. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that implementing harvesting activities may have a positive effect on the PNS in patients with AD with long-term agricultural experience. However, further studies with a larger sample size and multidimensional evaluations are needed.

甘肃积石山 M_(s)6.2级地震的震害特征与启示

2023年12月18日,甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山保安族东乡族撒拉族自治县(35.70°N,102.79°E)发生了6.2级地震,震中烈度为VIII度。地震发生后,通过实地烈度评估与科学考察,对震区VI~VIII度区不同建(构)筑物与生命线工程的震害特点进行了统计分析;从抗震设计与施工管理、场地放大效应与地震次生灾害对建筑结构抗震性能的影响等角度,提出了此次地震的震害启示。结果表明:1)严重破坏和毁坏的建筑结构主要集中在老旧的土木结构、砖木结构和无设防或设防不规范的砖混结构。2)造成建筑结构破坏的主要原因是少量自建房抗震设计和施工的不规范、场地放大效应和地震次生灾害。3)优化和改良生土砌筑材料,改进纵横墙间的拉结措施,强化结构整体性是提高土木结构抗震的有效方法;普及“上下圈梁与构造柱”等基本抗震设防措施,规范水泥砂浆强度,提升农村工匠的施工水平,可有效提高砌体结构的整体性,避免房屋出现整体性垮塌;室内洗手间的墙体应该与房顶、纵横墙间建立有效联接,提高结构的抗震性能。4)孤突斜坡、河流高阶地与岸边为抗震不利地带。当建造用地极为匮乏,不得不选址在这些场地之上时,应该综合考虑场地的地形地貌特征、岩土体物理力学特性、水文地质条件、抗震设防目标、建筑结构类型等影响因素,做好地震灾害风险评估,根据评估结果进行科学设防。灾后重建过程中,应由政府统一规划选址、统一设计,规范施工。

基于S-CAD方法的宅基地“三权分置”改革试点政策评估——以新疆试点市县为例

采用S-CAD政策评估方法对新疆宅基地“三权分置”政策试点地区伊宁市和奇台县的政策执行效果进行评价,研究发现伊宁市和奇台县两试点政策整体逻辑一致性较好、政策要素之间具备充分性与必要性,利益相关者支持程度较高,有效实现了宅基地“三权分置”改革的政策目标,但仍存在政策手段与政策目标充要性不足,预期政策效果与实际政策效果有一定偏差等问题。针对此,提出宅基地“三权分置”改革政策应适应城乡融合发展趋势,加强农户利益保障机制建设;坚持因地制宜,创新农村宅基地“三权分置”改革思路;兼顾多方利益与公平,提升综合价值效应的建议。

The Defects and Future Research Direction of the Auditof the Policy Implementation Effect 2 China

近年来,政策执行效果审计在中国逐渐引起了关注.论文首先介绍了政策执行效果审计的内涵和研究的意义,在此基础上简要阐述了政策执行效果审计的发展现状,并指出了其缺陷,最后提出了未来的研究应重点关注建立政策执行效果审计理论框架体系、完善政策执行效果审计评价指标体系、探索对政策本身的评价以及将政策执行效果审计与新兴互联网工程及信息技术结合起来等几个方面.

Lactoferrin modification of berberine nanoliposomes enhances the neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Previous studies have shown that berberine has neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer’s disease,including antagonizing tau phosphorylation,and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and neural cell apoptosis.However,its low bioavailability and adverse reactions with conventional administration limit its clinical application.In this study,we prepared berberine nanoliposomes using liposomes characterized by low toxicity,high entrapment efficiency,and biodegradability,and modified them with lactoferrin.Lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes had uniform particle size and high entrapment efficiency.We used the lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes to treat a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease established by injection of amyloid-beta 1-42 into the lateral ventricle.Lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and apoptosis in the hippocampus,reduced tau over-phosphorylation in the cerebral cortex,and improved mouse behavior.These findings suggest that modification with lactoferrin can enhance the neuroprotective effects of berberine nanoliposomes in Alzheimer’s disease.

A novel binary effective medium model to describe the prepeak stressstrain relationship of combined bodies of rock-like material and rock

Combined bodies of rock-like material and rock are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering,such as tunnels and mines.The existing theoretical models describing the stress-strain relationship of a combined body lack a binary feature.Based on effective medium theory,this paper presents the governing equation of the“elastic modulus”for combined and single bodies under triaxial compressive tests.A binary effective medium model is then established.Based on the compressive experiment of concretegranite combined bodies,the feasibility of determining the stress threshold based on crack axial strain is discussed,and the model is verified.The model is further extended to coal-rock combined bodies of more diverse types,and the variation laws of the compressive mechanical parameters are then discussed.The results show that the fitting accuracy of the model with the experimental curves of the concretegranite combined bodies and various types of coal-rock combined bodies are over 95%.The crack axial strain method can replace the crack volumetric strain method,which clarifies the physical meanings of the model parameters.The variation laws of matrix parameters and crack parameters are discussed in depth and are expected to be more widely used in geotechnical engineering.

绿色信贷政策、ESG表现与高污染企业资本结构调整

绿色信贷政策作为结构性去杠杆的重要举措,对于高污染企业资本结构升级大有裨益。与此同时,ESG概念的提出明确了企业发展需着重考量环境(E)、社会(S)和公司治理(G)三方面的表现,即企业ESG表现也将作用于高污染企业资本结构调整。因此,论文以2011—2020年中国A股上市的高污染企业为研究样本,基于ESG表现视角,探究绿色信贷政策对高污染企业资本结构调整的作用效果。研究表明:1)绿色信贷政策显著促进高污染企业资本结构调整,区分企业负债水平后发现,相比于低负债企业,绿色信贷政策显著加快高负债污染企业的资本结构调整速度;2)绿色信贷政策会提升高污染企业的ESG表现,企业ESG表现会削弱绿色信贷政策对高污染企业资本结构调整的促进效果;3)在深入探讨企业融资约束和商业信用程度的异质性是否会影响绿色信贷政策的实施效果时,发现相较于面临弱融资约束和拥有高商业信用的企业,绿色信贷政策显著促进面临强融资约束和低商业信用的高污染企业调整资本结构。因此,探讨绿色信贷政策与高污染企业资本结构调整的关系对优化信贷资源配置、推动高污染企业绿色转型意义重大。

基于S-CAD方法的四川省单元式乡村国土空间规划政策评价与优化研究

国土空间规划改革以来,各地开展了探索与实践,2021年四川在全省推行以片区为单元编制乡村国土空间规划,是全国第一个在全省范围开展单元式乡村国土空间规划的省域。通过运用S-CAD方法和政策工具分析法对其政策体系进行分析,并结合规划编制成果对政策进行综合评价,发现其存在以下不足:一是政策体系不完善,主要出台了规划编制相关政策,而在规划实施和监督方面缺乏专门政策;二是政策价值观和政策预期结果超出了政策目标和政策手段所能够实现的范围,政策元素之间具有不一致性;三是政策工具结构不平衡,在规划区域衔接、对上衔接等方面非常薄弱。因此,需要进一步完善政策体系、调适政策元素关系、优化政策工具结构。通过这一研究,以期为深化乡村国土空间规划探索提供借鉴。

Fiscal Policy Effect Analysis Based on Agents Response Equilibrium (ARE) Model

Agents response equilibrium (ARE) model has been taken advantage of to build a multi-agent system for analyzing fiscal policy effect. Through establishing various types of economic entities and endowing them with abilities to react and make decision, the whole system will evolve to new conditions in response to policy change. Compared with different scenarios, it can be concluded that when raising taxation ratio, sectoral scale will shrink to some extent. But supported by government expenditure, certain sectors could be kept in comparatively larger production scale.

Comparing the bullwhip effect under different inventory policies in engineering project supply chains

Measuring bullwhip effect is useful for making better controls on production planning and enhancing the supply chain operating efficiency.First,this article establishes the comparative analysis model of bullwhip effect between(s,S)and Periodic Review(PR)inventory policy based on the quantitative bullwhip effect model under different inventories.Then,the impacts of lead time,inventory review time,autocorrelation coefficient,and the number of samples on the gap of bullwhip effect under(s,S)and PR IP are analyzed.The results show that bullwhip effect in PR is more intense than(s,S)inventory policy.Contractors should pay more attention to control bullwhip effect when adopting PR inventory policy to enhance the total operating efficiency of the engineering project supply chains.

Cu_(3)Mo_(2)O_(9)/Mn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S S型异质结的构筑及其光解水产氢性能研究

采用超声辅助研磨煅烧法制备了Cu_(3)Mo_(2)O_(9)/Mn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S S型异质结光催化剂,通过X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、固体紫外漫反射等测试技术表征了样品的物相、形貌、化学元素组成以及光吸收能力等物理化学性质。在可见光加近红外光照射下进行了光催化析氢性能测试,结果表明,Cu_(3)Mo_(2)O_(9)/Mn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S复合材料的光解水产氢性能均优于纯相的Mn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S和Cu_(3)Mo_(2)O_(9),其中Cu 3Mo 2O 9的质量分数为1%的Cu_(3)Mo_(2)O_(9)/Mn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S显示出最佳的产氢速率(1.554 mmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1)),是Mn 0.3 Cd_(0.7)S的5.5倍。且经过四次循环实验后仍保持较好的光催化活性。此外,根据电化学测试以及红外热成像结果提出了合理的机理,Cu 3Mo 2O 9的光热效应与S型异质结的协同作用是Cu_(3)Mo_(2)O_(9)/Mn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S光催化活性提高的关键。

Spatial emission reduction effects of China’s carbon emissions trading:quasi-natural experiments and policy spillovers

Insufficient assessment of emission reduction effects still exists in the carbon emission rights trading system,a major environmental regulation measure in China.Based on the data from the carbon trading pilot covering the years from 2007 to 2017,this study combined the synthetic control method with dynamic spatial Durbin model to comprehensively evaluate the spatial emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies.The results showed that:①The carbon trading policies promoted carbon emission reductions in the pilot regions,among which Tianjin and Hubei responded significantly,and also helped to suppress carbon emissions in the neighboring areas.②Long-term emission reduction effect from carbon emissions trading became gradually significant,while the indirect emission reduction effect was relatively weaker.③In term of reducing carbon emissions,the economic development channel played a key role,but it had a threat to the promotion of carbon emissions in the surrounding areas.Energy consumption was the main obstacle to the growth of carbon emissions.④In the long run,technological progress tended to become the key to the effective implementation of potential emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies.Based on the above findings,we suggest that the construction of a national carbon trading market should be promoted,the balanced development and orderly advancement of regional carbon trading markets should be paid attention to,the coordinated development of green economy as well as knowledge and technology exchange and cooperation among regions should be strengthened to form a low carbon development model among regions.

Empirical research on the international spillover effects of U.S. monetary policy and their impacts

Empirical research has shown that there were international spillover effects from the U.S. monetary policy to output level, net exports and price levels of each country, and the impact on prices in each country was of synchronous effect. The structural impulse response analysis showed that U.S. monetary policy could improve U.S. income and payment without damaging U.S. economic growth, but the shocks negatively affected the economic growth in the rest of the world. Hence, it's important to pay close attention to the moral risks of U.S. monetary policy to evade the global shocks caused by the "benefit-itself-at-the-expense-of-others" polices of the American government. Besides these findings, U.S. monetary policy shocks strongly affect China's trade surplus fluctuations. Based on this, we propose that the approaches of balancing China's current account could be explored efficiently from the perspective of monetary policy.

Spillover effects and incentive initiatives of green behavior

Spillover effects play a crucial role in hindering the effective implementation of green behavior.Whether it pertains to enterprises or individuals,engaging in green behavior often leads to increased costs.However,the benefits derived from green behavior cannot be fully recouped but rather spill over and benefit other non-green entities,thereby undermining the incentives for companies or individuals to engage in green practices.The study categorizes the spillover effects of corporate green investment into three aspects based on the channels through which they occur:environmental spillover,inter-industry spillover(vertical spillover),and intra-industry spillover(horizontal spillover).While these three spillover mechanisms work in tandem with green behavior,existing literature has predominantly focused on the "free-rider " effect of environmental spillover and horizontal spillover,neglecting the impact of vertical spillover.Additionally,this paper provides a comprehensive review of measures aimed at incentivizing corporate green investment.Current government-level measures often overlook the multifaceted nature of spillover effects stemming from green behavior and the factors influencing corporate decision-making in this regard,resulting in various limitations and deficiencies.The paper argues that,besides relying solely on direct interventions from external actors such as the government or society,a more significant emphasis should be placed on enhancing the role of enterprises as a fundamental approach.This involves fostering the endogenous capacity of enterprises to generate green investment and facilitating a beneficial interaction that respects corporate autonomy.Consequently,policymakers should consider multiple dimensions of spillover effects and design appropriate mechanisms that leverage the inherent capabilities of enterprises,thus stimulating green investment.This approach represents a crucial area for future research that warrants further in-depth inve stigation.

The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Air Pollution in the Economic Community of West African States region: What Influence Does Tax Expenditure Have?

Air pollution is one of the crucial environmental challenges facing the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of an attractive tax policy on the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and air pollution in ECOWAS region over the period 2000 to 2019. By using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and panel data analyses (fixed effects and random effects), the results show that, in general, FDI does not have a significant effect on air pollution in the region. However, closer analysis reveals that an interaction between FDI and an attractive tax policy has a negative effect on air quality, leading to an increase in air pollution. Thus, companies attracted by tax incentives may not meet rigorous environmental standards. These results highlight the importance for policymakers to balance economic incentives with environmental protection in ECOWAS. Attractive tax policies can stimulate investment, but they must be designed in a way that encourages environmentally friendly practices, thereby helping to improve air quality in the region.

基于S-CAD法的县域新型城镇化发展规划方案评估研究——以陕西省佳县为例

规划方案作为相关利益主体价值观的直接体现,应当在规划评估中予以重视。基于城乡规划的公共政策属性,采用S-CAD政策评估方法,以陕西省佳县的《新型城镇化与城乡统筹规划》文本为例,选取规划编制与实施主体——政府作为主导视角,对规划文本的内容进行解构,在此基础上进行规划立场、目标、手段与预期结果的一致性、充要性与依赖性分析。研究发现:一、该规划文本自身的逻辑性较强,各个环节存在基本的对应关系;二、规划文本当中对于产业发展以及由此带来的人口问题、基础设施与公共服务设施问题的解决方案描述较多,对于生态环境保护、交通环境改善以及人口流动的实质性解决方案相对较少,逻辑上存在一定的漏洞,需进一步完善逻辑链条。基于此,提出建立城乡规划全过程评估体系及重视多元利益主体协调关系的建议,以期为相关规划的编制与评估工作提供参考。

Effect of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis on Efficacy of 131I Ablation Therapy in Intermediate- and High-Risk of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on efficacy of 131I ablation in intermediate- and high-risk of thyroid papillary carcinoma patients. The findings will help to develop a personalized treatment plan for patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma complicated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Material and Methods: From January 2016 to December 2020, patients who were diagnosed with intermediate- and high-risk PTC with lymph node metastasis were analyzed retrospectively, excluding patients with incomplete clinical data, distant metastasis, positive TGAb, TSH Results: A total of 525 patients (166 males and 359 females) were included in the study, including 368 patients in ER group (70.1%) and 157 patients in NER group (29.9%). Eleven factors including combining Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, pre-ablative Tg levels, sex, tumor diameter, extraglandular invasion, multifocal, bilateral lesions, central lymph node metastasis, lateral lymph node metastasis, lymph node metastasis rate, thyroglobulin were statistically different between ER group and NER group with significance at P Conclusion: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Ps-Tg level and lateral lymph node metastasis are potential predictors for short-term efficacy of 131I treatment in intermediate- and high-risk thyroid papillary carcinoma. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, high Ps-Tg level and increased number of lateral lymph node metastasis reduce the efficacy of 131I therapy in patients with intermediate and high risk thyroid papillary carcinoma.