Experimental comparison between corona and contact poling for EO polymer modulators

Two different poling techniques-corona poling and contact poling in the backdrop of electro-optic （EO） polymer modulators are compared. A 3-layer structure EO polymer modulator is prepared for the poling. The poling setups and procedures of these two different methods are given. It is found that a well-controlled precure step is very critical, otherwise it will result in either lower poling efficiency or damaged film. Experimental results show that contact poling does not create severe surface damage as corona poling and poling voltage is much lower, but corona poling provides higher EO effect than contact poling. Besides, contact poling can provide poling size as large as the substrate size.

STUDY ON THE POLING PROPERTIES OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL ACTIVE DERIVATIVE OF POLY (p-HYDROXYSTYRENE):(PS)O-DCV

In this paper, the poling properties of (PS)O-DCV, a derivative of poly (p-hydroxystyrene ), was reported. The investigations showed that the thermochromism correction, which was neglected in the literatures, should be considered in the measurements of order parameter of poled films with electrochromism technique Here, another linear optical method, IR and polarized IR spectra for characterizing of poled films was suggested first time. The bulk second nonlinear optical coefficient d_(33) of poled films could be estimated by measured order parameter semi-qualitatively.

An Investigation into the Role of Capping on Second Harmonic Generation from Nonlinear Organic Polymer and Guest-Host Thin Films by In-Situ Poling

In attempts to fabricate thermally stable second-order nonlinear polymer thin films, we have investigated the second harmonic generation (SHG) from both nonlinear polymer and guest-host thin films. We have also investigated the role of capping on the SHG, temporal stability and relaxation of dipole alignment. Corona poling techniques were employed to orient the dopants into the noncentrosymmetric structure required to obtain the SHG. The effect of capping with a polymeric encapsulant below the glass transition temperature of the polymers on the unpoled and corona poled thin films was studied. Capping of the nonlinear polymer and guest host thin films have resulted in high SHG with good temporal stability. SHG signal falls drastically during the first 8 days after poling while no further significant decay in SHG signal was observed after about 33 days. Our investigations have identified the characteristics required for a good encapsulant on a non-con-ductive surface.

具有POLE致病性突变子宫内膜癌的临床病理及分子特征分析

目的探讨具有POLE致病性突变子宫内膜癌(EC)的临床病理及分子特征。方法选取179例EC患者,根据POLE基因突变、错配修复(MMR)蛋白表达及p53表达/TP53突变进行分子分型,分析POLE mut型EC的临床病理及分子特征。结果POLE mut20例,MMRd 48例,NSMP 90例,p53 abn 21例。POLE mut EC多为FIGOⅠ期(17/20),中-低分化子宫内膜样癌(EEC)(13/20)、局限于内膜/浅肌层(17/20)、肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TILs)显著(17/20)、无/局灶(LVSI)(18/20)、无淋巴结转移(19/20)。4个亚组间临床病理特征的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。POLE mut型预后最好,具有多重分类特征的病例预后更接近POLE mut型。结论POLE mut EC提示着较高的组织学分级,较早的临床分期及较好的预后;POLE mut可继发dMMR/MSI-H表型及p53/TP53异常,应归类为POLE mut型。

Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding

Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor.The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive trucks.But,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core losses.This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(SynRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

Design and Evaluation of a Consequent Pole K-shaped Permanent Magnet Motor for Outboard Application Using a Hybrid Mathematical Model

Nowadays,there is considerable research interest in proposing modern permanent magnet(PM)electric machine structures for applications such as electric vehicles.Several radial and axial topologies with different arrangements of PM in the stator and rotor have been introduced for PM Vernier motors(PMVM)with the aim of increasing the performance characteristics such as power factor,efficiency,rotational torque torque density and wider constant torque-speed region.Meanwhile,the spoke PM arrangement has provided higher torque density than the surface and V-shaped arrangement.But in contrast,the V-shaped arrangement has a more sinusoidal flux and less cogging torque.In this paper,a 620 W,12-slot 16-pole Vernier PM motor with a fractional slot arrangement.Consequent K-shaped pole is introduced,which has the advantages of spoke and V-shaped magnetic arrangements.After presenting and confirming the concept of the proposed structure based on functional comparison with conventional structures,an analytical modeling based on the harmonic analysis method is introduced to accurately predict the performance of the machine,and finally the proposed structure is prototyped and the experimental results are simulated and modeling are compared.

Progress of International Meridian Circle Program

In 2024,the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)completed its construction,deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations.This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP).The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth.Additionally,it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace.Over the past two years,significant progress has been made on the IMCP.In particular,the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed,and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction.The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted.To facilitate these developments,the scientific program committee of IMCP was established,following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school,which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP).Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)in Brazil.

子宫内膜癌分子分型的研究进展

子宫内膜癌是女性生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤,临床工作根据形态学特点及激素依赖性将其分为两个亚型,即激素依赖型和非激素依赖型。2013年癌症基因组图谱网络根据不同的分子特征将子宫内膜癌分为4个分子亚型,即POLE突变型、微卫星不稳定型、低拷贝数变异型、高拷贝数变异型。但该分组方法需要基因组测序,成本昂贵、操作复杂,不适合广泛的临床应用。因此,在这个分子分型的基础上MC Alpine团队在2015年对该方法进行改良,提出子宫内膜癌的主动分子风险分类器,并在2018年确定分类器的最终验证步骤。这个主动分子风险分类器已被广泛应用。

Effectiveness of Chromated Copper Arsenate against Deteriorating Agents of Eucalyptus Poles and Posts in Four Eco-Regions in Kenya

Previous studies done elsewhere have shown that Eucalyptus poles treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) can last over 30 years. Kenya is exceptional because in some eco-regions, the Eucalyptus poles’ life span has greatly reduced to 5 years. The current study was designed to evaluate wood deteriorating agents of CCA-treated Eucalyptus poles and variability in four eco-regions of Kenya, namely, dryland, coastal, highland and humid lake. A total of 360 Eucalyptus pole samples were used for this experiment. Three CCA treatments were used to treat transmission poles at 20 kg/cm3 fencing posts samples at 6 kg/cm3, and a control group. Results indicated that termites and wood-decay fungi attacks caused wood deterioration in the four eco-regions. The proportion of power transmission pole degradation by wood deteriorating agents varied across eco-regions, between treatments and control and between time after treatments. Dryland eco-regions had the highest termite-related degradation (41.82%) while wood-decay fungi attack was highest in the highland eco-regions (9.20%). Samples treated with 6 kg/cm3 recorded the lowest level of wood deterioration, manifested by minimal superficial termite and wood-decay fungi attack. Samples treated with 20 kg/cm3 were characterized by moderate termite and wood-decay fungi attacks observed around the heartwood region, unlike sapwood. This study concluded that the deterioration of Eucalyptus CCA-treated poles is a question of climatic variability and hence, to increase the poles’ lifespan, CCA treatment should be tailored according to the characteristics of the ecoregion of use. Further investigations will inform the diversity of termites and decay-fungi across different eco-regions.

The Performance of Small Diameter Aluminum Light Support Structures Containing Handholes under Cyclic Fatigue

Aluminum light poles play a pivotal role in modern infrastructure, ensuring proper illumination along highways and in populated areas during nighttime. These poles typically feature handholes near their bases, providing access to electrical wiring for installation and maintenance. While essential for functionality, these handholes introduce a vulnerability to the overall structure, making them a potential failure point. Although prior research and analyses on aluminum light poles have been conducted, the behavior of smaller diameter poles containing handholes remains unexplored. Recognizing this need, a research team at the University of Akron undertook a comprehensive experimental program involving aluminum light poles with handholes containing welded inserts in order to gain a better understanding of their fatigue life, mechanical behavior, and failure mechanisms. The research involved testing seven large-scale aluminum light poles each 8-inch diameter, with two separate handholes. These handholes included a reinforcement that was welded to the poles. Finite Element Analysis (FEA), statistical analysis, and comparison analysis with their large counterparts (10-inch diameter) were used to augment the experimental results. The results revealed two distinct failure modes: progressive crack propagation leading to ultimate failure, and rupture of the pole near the weld initiation/termination site around the handhole. The comparison analysis indicated that the 8-inch diameter specimens exhibited an average fatigue life exceeding that of their 10-inch counterparts by an average of 30.7%. The experimental results were plotted alongside the fatigue detail classifications outlined in the Aluminum Design Manual (ADM), enhancing understanding of the fatigue detail category of the respective poles/handholes.

Study on the Effect of Magnetic Pole Clipping Angle on the Eddy Current Loss of Permanent Magnets in the Rotor of Magnetically Levitated Permanent Magnet Synchronous High-Speed Electric Spindles

Aiming at the problem of high temperature and even demagnetization failure of permanent magnet (PM) due to PM eddy current loss in PM synchronous high-speed motors, this paper proposes a technique to lessen PM eddy current loss by cutting the angle of PM poles to change the shape of PM structure. Firstly, an analysis is conducted on the mechanism of PM synchronous high-speed motor eddy current loss production, the theoretical analytical model of PM eddy current loss is deduced, and it is theoretically proved that the magnetic pole shaving angle can reduce PM eddy current loss. Then, a 25 KW surface-type PM synchronous high-speed motor as an object, using two-dimensional time-step finite element method (FEM) to model and analyze PM eddy current loss. The results show that the smaller the PM pole shaving angle, the less its eddy current loss will be, it is possible to minimize the pole shaving angle of eddy current loss by 9.8% compared to the unshaved angle. Finally, the temperature field of the PM is calculated using a finite element method, and the outcomes demonstrate that the maximum temperature of the PM with a magnetic pole shaving angle can be reduced by about 5% compared with the unshaved angle.

Gravity and magnetic anomalies field characteristics in the South China Sea and its application for interpretation of igneous rocks

Igneous rocks in the South China Sea have broad prospects for oil and gas exploration.Integrated geophysical methods are important approaches to study the distribution of igneous rocks and to determine and identify igneous rock bodies.Aimed at the characteristics of gravity and magnetic fields in the South China Sea,several potential field processing methods are preferentially selected.Reduction to the pole by variable inclinations in the area of low magnetic latitudes is used to perform reduction processing on magnetic anomalies.The preferential continuation method is used to separate gravity and magnetic anomalies and extract the gravity and magnetic anomaly information of igneous rocks in the shallow part of the South China Sea.The 3D spatial equivalent distribution of igneous rocks in South China Sea is illustrated by the 3 D correlation imaging of magnetic anomalies.Since the local anomaly boundaries are highlighted gravity and magnetic gradients,the distribution characters of different igneous rocks are roughly outlined by gravity and magnetic correlation analysis weighted by gradient.The results show the distribution of igneous rocks is controlled and influenced by deep crustal structure and faulting.

免疫检查点抑制剂治疗肿瘤疗效的影响因素

肿瘤免疫治疗主要通过调节机体免疫和肿瘤之间的平衡来实现肿瘤治疗的目的,已证实对多种肿瘤具有显著的临床疗效,被认为是继手术、化疗、放疗后又一重要的治疗方法。但目前肿瘤免疫治疗尚无统一的临床应用方案,对不同的肿瘤或同一肿瘤的不同个体疗效差异巨大,严重制约其发展。既往研究发现,影响免疫检查点抑制剂反应和耐药性的关键因素包括肿瘤本身的特征(如癌症基因组、表观基因组和微环境)、肿瘤免疫表型、宿主免疫组分(全身免疫和抗肿瘤免疫)及其他的外部影响。然而,最新研究表明,肿瘤突变负荷、DNA修复基因、HLA基因型、PD-L1表达以及肿瘤免疫抑制微环境与免疫检查点抑制剂的反应密切相关。因此,本文将从肿瘤突变负荷、DNA修复基因、HLA基因型、PD-L1表达以及肿瘤免疫抑制微环境等5个方面阐述其影响免疫检查点抑制剂的新机制,旨在为肿瘤的靶向治疗提供借鉴。

A Capacitor-Free CMOS Low-Dropout Regulator for System-on-Chip Application

A stable CMOS low drop-out regulator without an off-chip capacitor for system-on-chip application is presen- ted. By using an on-chip pole splitting technique and an on-chip pole-zero canceling technique, high stability is achieved without an off-chip capacitor. The chip was implemented in CSMC＇s 0.5μm CMOS technology and the die area is 600μm×480μm. The error of the output voltage due to line variation is less than -＋ 0.21% ,and the quiescent current is 39.8μA. The power supply rejection ratio at 100kHz is -33.9dB, and the output noise spectral densities at 100Hz and 100kHz are 1.65 and 0.89μV √Hz, respectively.

POLE突变在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

POLE为DNA聚合酶的催化亚基,具有5'3'DNA聚合酶活性和3'→5'核酸外切酶活性,对DNA复制和校正具有重要作用。POLE突变将引起校正功能缺失,可能导致肿瘤发生。近年来,TCGA在多种肿瘤中检出POLE突变,POLE突变的肿瘤以其独特超强突变分子表型及良好的预后成为近期研究热点。本文综述POLE的结构、功能及其突变在肿瘤发生发展中的作用的研究进展。

普林格尔治疗仪改善乳头内陷初产妇哺乳效果的研究

目的:评价普林格尔康复治疗仪配合乳头吸引器加手法挤奶治疗对促进乳头内陷初产妇成功哺乳的效果。方法:选取84例乳房内陷的初产妇,按随机数表法将其分为观察组与对照组,每组42例。观察组采用普林格尔康复治疗仪配合乳头吸引器加手法挤奶,对照组采用乳头吸引器加手法挤奶,比较两组干预后乳房肿胀、乳头皲裂发生情况和母乳喂养成功情况。结果:观察组乳房肿胀及乳头皲裂发生率明显低于对照组,两组相比有差异(x^2=8.23,x^2=7.37;P<0.05);观察组纯母乳喂养率明显高于对照组,两组相比有差异(x^2=10.87,P<0.05)。结论:普林格尔康复治疗仪配合乳头吸引器加手法挤奶可明显改善乳头内陷初产妇乳房肿胀和乳头皲裂,显著提高母乳喂养成功率,值得临床推广应用。

子宫浆液性癌20例分子学特征及临床分析

目的:总结子宫浆液性癌(uterine serous carcinoma,USC)的临床病理特征,探讨其分子分型及人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)的表达。方法:收集20例USC患者的临床资料,采用HE、免疫组织化学、Sanger测序和荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)方法对石蜡标本进行检测,进行分子分型并分析HER2的表达。结果:USC占同期子宫内膜癌的8%,国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)Ⅰ期5例(25%)、Ⅱ期1例(5%)、Ⅲ期9例(45%)、Ⅳ期5例(25%)。癌组织可见乳头、腺腔、实性3种组织学结构;乳头宽大或细小,细胞易脱落,边缘不光滑;腺腔多呈裂隙样。细胞异型较大,可见奇异核,胞质透亮或嗜酸,核分裂象易见,13例(65%)可见脉管内癌栓。雌激素受体、孕激素受体、波形蛋白、WT1和P16阳性率分别为40%、25%、10%、35%、100%,Ki-67阳性率30%~80%。20例USC均未检测到DNA聚合酶ε(DNA polymerase epsilon,POLE)突变,MLH1、PMS2、MSH2、MSH6均阳性,16例(75%)P53错义突变,4例(25%)无义突变。HER2免疫组织化学染色3+者5例(25%),其中4例经FISH检测见扩增信号。结论:USC发病率较低,病理形态多样,免疫组织化学染色有助于其鉴别诊断。USC分子分型均为P53突变型,HER2有望成为USC治疗的潜在靶点。

South Pole温度风速廓线的统计分析

利用2008年South Pole的探空资料,通过大气温度和风速廓线,确定了South Pole地区冬季(6,7,8月)和夏季(12,1,2月)的大气边界层结构、边界层和对流层顶的高度。对近地面的温度、水汽压、风速和风向进行了统计分析。结果表明,South Pole大气边界层大多时候为稳定型,但在夏季也存在不稳定的情况,尤其在1月份较多;夏季夜晚的边界层平均高度为389 m,比白天的304 m大,冬季夜晚的边界层平均高度为591 m,大于夏季夜晚;夏季白天对流层顶平均高度比夜晚略大,分别为6172 m和5770m。South Pole高层大气理查森数的倒数基本都小于4,发生湍流的可能性很小。

用计算机对地质结构面进行统计的算法

本文根据 Schmidt 网的一般制作原理,设计了一套既能在 Schmidt 网上统计出地质结构面的极点数,又能绘制出极点密度等值线图的算法和计算机程序。利用这套程序制作图件,不仅可成倍提高工效而且可以提高制图精度。由于该套程序是用 BASIC 语言编写,故操作使用方便,而且易于移植到 PC—1500或 PB—700这类微型计算机上去。

子宫内膜样癌分子分型的临床病理意义

目的探讨子宫内膜样癌分子分型的临床病理意义。方法收集145例子宫内膜样癌根治手术石蜡标本,应用测序法检测POLE突变,有突变的归为POLE突变型;应用免疫组化方法检测四种错配修复(mismatch repair,MMR)蛋白MLH1、PMS2、MSH2、MSH6和p53蛋白的表达,MMR表达缺失者归为MMR缺陷型(MMR-D);剩余标本根据p53免疫组化结果分为p53突变型和p53野生型。结果145例子宫内膜样癌中,POLE突变型6例(4.1%),MMR-D型44例(30.3%),p53突变型15例(10.3%),p53野生型80例(55.2%)。POLE突变与患者年龄、分化程度、浸润深度、宫颈浸润和淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05);MMR-D与患者年龄相关,与分化程度、浸润深度、宫颈浸润和淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05);p53蛋白异常表达与患者年龄、浸润深度、有无宫颈浸润无关(P>0.05),与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。结论临床工作中可根据POLE突变检测、MMR蛋白和p53蛋白表达对子宫内膜样癌进行分子分型,为后续治疗选择和预后判断提供指导。