鸭跖草科杜若(Pollia japonica Thunb.)的减数分裂研究

首次对鸭跖草科杜若(Pollia japonicaThunb.)进行了花粉母细胞减数分裂观察,并重新报道了该种的染色体数目为2n=32。结果显示,减数分裂中期I构型为16Ⅱ,并且观察到次级联会现象。减数分裂后期I和后期Ⅱ存在落后染色体、染色体断片、二次分裂不同步等异常现象,统计各时期畸形率都低于10%。随机统计花粉粒活性,成熟率达到90%以上。这说明杜若的减数分裂过程基本正常,也证明了2n=32的体细胞染色体数目是可信的。

Structural Characterization of Chloroplast Genome in Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.,a Medicinal Plant of the Genus Alpinia

The analysis of chloroplast gene characteristics in Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.is of great significance for developing relevant genetic resources.The high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic research were performed to analyze the chloroplast genome characteristics of A.japonica.The total chloroplast genome length of A.japonica was 161,906 bp,with a typical circular tetrameric structure.And 133 genes were annotated,comprising 87 protein-coding,38 tRNA,and 8 rRNA genes.Furthermore,22 genes contained two copies,and 18 genes owned introns.Repeat sequence analysis showed that it contains 321 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)and 37 long segment repeats.Compared with the chloroplast genomes of eight representative plants in the genus Alpinia,the gene structure,type,and quantity were relatively conservative.Rps12 was the highest variation site in the entire chloroplast gene.A phylogenetic tree showed that the genus Alpinia was the most closely related to the genus Amomum.Meanwhile,A.japonica is the most closely related to Alpinia chinensis belonging to the genus Alpinia.Overall,the chloroplast genome of a new species was reported in the genus Alpinia,and a basis was provided for the utilization of Alpinia plants as a medical resource.

Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from Different Origins by GC-MS

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the volatile constituents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from different origins. [Method] HP-5MS capillary columns were used and column temperature was controlled by a program. MS analysis was performed with EI and quadruple mass analyzer. The volatile constituents in L. japonica Thunb. were identified by NIST02 and Wiley275 libraries, and their relative contents were determined with chromatographic peak area normalization method. [Result] According to GC-MS total ion-current chromatograms, 35 volatile constituents were identified in L. japonica Thunb. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, mainly including methyl linolenate, n-hexadecanoic acid and ζ-muurolene; 18 volatile constituents were identified in L. japonica Thunb. from Hunan Province, mainly including n-hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid and α-curcumene. [Conclusion] Main volatile constituents in L. japonica Thunb. from two different origins varied significantly.

Effect of Different Factors on Rooting Characteristics and Survival of Lonicera japonica Thunb

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of different factors on rapid propagation and seedling survival of Lonicera japonica Thunb. [Method] The cuttings of 1, 2 or 3 years old, with different length, were soaked in different hormones at different concentrations for different time and planted at different dates. Finally, their rooting rate and survival rate in different treatments were measured and compared. [Result] The rooting rate and survival rate of one-year old cuttings with length of 10-13 cm and planted on September 20 and October 20, 2012 were relatively higher among all the treatments. Hormone treatment could significantly promote the callus formation and accelerate the rooting of the cuttings, and improve their survival rate. The cuttings treated with 120-200 mg/L ABT1 or NAA for 35-45 min had higher rooting rate and survival rate. Among them, the survival rate of cuttings treated with 160 mg/L ABT1 for 35 min was the highest, up to 92.5%. [Conclusion] The study provided basis for improving the survival rate of L. japonica by cuttage, and for optimizing the rapid propagation technique.

青荚叶〔Helwingia japonica(Thunb.)Dietr.〕种下新组合

Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dietr. var. papillosa Fang et Soong was reduced as a new synonym of H. japonica (Thunb.) Dietr. var. hypoleuca Hemsl. ex Rehd. Helwingia zhejiangensis Fang et Soong was combined into H. japonica (Thunb.) Dietr. and renamed H. japonica (Thunb.) Dietr. var. zhejiangensis (Fang et Soong) M. B. Deng et Y. Zhang.

Anti-encystment and amoebicidal activity of Lonicera japonica Thunb. and its major constituent Chlorogenic acid in vitro

Objective:To examine the acanthamoebicidal effects of ethyl acetate,aqueous and butanol fractions of dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica(L.japonica) Thunb.(Flos Lonicerae) in vitro.Methods:Acanthamoeba triangularis isolates were obtained from environmental water samples and identified by PCR.They were exposed to ethyl acetate,water and butanol fractions of L.japonica Thunb.at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/m L to 1.5 mg/m L.The extracts were evaluated for growth inhibition at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Chlorogenic acid at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was examined for inhibition of encystment.Results:Ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL evoked a significant reduction of trophozoite viability by 48.9% after 24 h,49.2% after 48 h and 33.7% after 72 h Chlorogenic acid,the major active constituent of L.japonica Thunb.at the concentration of 1 mg/mL reduced the cysts/trophozoite ratio by 100% after 24 h,84.0% after 48 h and 72.3% after 72 h.This phenolic compound at concentration of 1 mg/mL concurrent with 0.6% hydrogen peroxide inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced encystment by 92.8% at 72 h.Conclusions:Results obtained from this study show that ethyl acetate fraction at 1.5 mg/m L is the most potent fraction of L.japonica Thunb.and its major constituent chlorogenic acid showed the remarkable inhibition of encystment at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.

Review of Factors Influencing Active Components of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a typical medicinal and edible plant in China. It has antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-endotoxin, and anti-inflammatory effects, etc. Its pharmacological action is closely related to its active components. Based on the results of previous studies, this paper summarized the effects of variety, origin, cultivation conditions, pruning, harvesting period and processing methods on the active components of L. japonica , in the hope of providing theoretical guidance for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of L. japonica.

Screening on the Pharmacodynemic Active Parts of Protecting Liver of Peristrope japonica (thunb.)Bremek

The pharmacodynamic active parts of protecting liver of Peristrope japonica (thunb.)Bremek were identified. Rat acute liver injury model was induced by D-galactosamine (D-GlaN). The active parts were identified on the whole extraction and 4 fractions. The results showed that the pharmacodynamic active parts of Peristrope japonica were the n-BuOH fraction.

Protective effect of different medicinal parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb. on myocardial ischemic injury induced by isoproterenol in rats

Background:To study the protective effect of different medicinal parts of honeysuckle on myocardial ischemia injury in rats.Method:SD mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:the normal group,model group,compound salvia miltiorrhiza group,Lonicera japonica Thunb.of flower bud group,flower group,and the stem leaf group.There were 8 rats in each group,including 4 males and 4 females.The normal group and model group were given equal amount of distilled water,whereas the other dosage groups were given the appropriate drug by intragastric administration,continuous gavage for 14 days.From the 12 days,in addition to the normal group were injected of the same amount of normal saline,the other groups were injected with 5g/kg.Injection of isoproterenol to establish the mouce mycardial ischemia model,its continuously 3d.To detect the serum of AST,CK,CK-MB,LDH and the myocardial issue of Chinese super oxideismutase and malondialdehyde level.Results:Compared with normal group,the levels of AST,CK,CK-MB,cTn-I,LDH and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01)and the level of super oxideismutase decreased significantly(P<0.01)the levels of AST,CK,CK-MB,cTn-I,LDH and malondialdehyde in the serum of flower bud group,flower group and stem leaf group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the decreasing level of flower bud group,flower,leaf group of AST,CK,CK-MB,cTn-I,LDH and malondialdehyde was flower bud group>flower>leaf group,the activity of super oxideismutase was obviously increased,and the activity level of super oxideismutase of flower bud group,flower group and stem leaf group was flower bud group>flower>leaf group.Conclusion:In the myocardial ischemic injury model of rats induced by isoproterenol,Lonicera japonica Thunb.had a protective effect in all parts,and Lonicera japonica Thunb.bud had the greatest protective effect.

金银花总黄酮低共熔溶剂提取工艺优化

目的优化金银花总黄酮低共熔溶剂提取工艺。方法在单因素试验基础上,以1,3-丁二醇与氯化胆碱比例、液料比、超声时间为影响因素,总黄酮得率为评价指标,响应面法和BP神经网络优化提取工艺。结果BP神经网络优化总黄酮得率高于响应面法优化。最优条件为1,3-丁二醇与氯化胆碱比例2.7∶1,液料比27∶1,超声时间29 min,总黄酮得率为7.85%。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于低共熔溶剂提取金银花总黄酮。

金银花对金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌作用研究

目的比较金银花对甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)和甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)体外抑菌活性差异。方法收集30株MSSA和30株MRSA菌,使用头孢西丁筛选试验和mecA基因检测对菌株进行验证,使用琼脂打孔法检测金银花对两类金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性并比较差异,使用琼脂稀释法检测金银花对两类金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC并计算出MIC_(50)。结果金银花对MSSA和MRSA均有体外抑菌活性且MIC_(50)均为3.125 mg/mL。结论金银花对MSSA和MRSA均有较好的体外抑菌活性,在临床治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染方面有很大的应用前景。

金银花茎的浸提液对旋覆花的化感作用

为了研究金银花茎的浸提液对旋覆花幼苗的化感作用及利用化感作用进行生物防除的可能性,论文采用水提法提取金银花茎的浸提液.试验设置0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08 g/mL四个质量浓度梯度,并以蒸馏水为对照组(CK),通过测定旋覆花幼苗的形态与生理指标,研究金银花茎的浸提液对旋覆花的化感效应.结果表明,旋覆花幼苗在金银花茎浸提液的作用下,除旋覆花叶片中的含丙二醛量有所升高外,旋覆花的苗高、根长、苗的干质量以及叶片中过氧化物酶活性等都受到抑制,且随着浸提液质量浓度的升高,抑制作用增强.当质量浓度为0.08 g/mL时,苗高、根长、苗的干生物量及过氧化物酶活性与对照相比分别降低了11.95%、24.95%、31.25%、30.90%.由此可得,金银花茎的浸提液对旋覆花幼苗生长有明显的化感抑制作用,因此其对一定区域的旋覆花幼苗的防除是可行的.

课程思政融入药用植物栽培学之金银花栽培教学设计

课程思政融入专业课教学是落实立德树人的重要举措。本案例根据药用植物金银花栽培的教学内容,运用案例教学法深挖教学目标、教学内容和教学过程中蕴含的思政元素。将黄河重大国家战略、生态文明思想、高质量发展理念、“大国三农”情怀等思政元素科学、合理地融入授课过程,实现显性教育与隐性教育的水乳交融,为实际教育教学工作提供借鉴与参考。

金银花多酚和多糖同步提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以金银花为原料,以硫酸铵浓度、乙醇含量、料液比、超声时间、提取温度、超声功率六个因素进行同步提取单因素实验。在单因素实验基础上,以多酚和多糖提取量为双指标,利用响应面法优化超声辅助乙醇-硫酸铵双水相萃取法同步提取金银花中多酚和多糖的工艺。并对提取的金银花多酚和多糖进行体外抗氧化研究。提取最优工艺条件为硫酸铵浓度0.2 mg/mL,超声时间30 min,超声温度59℃,料液比1∶70(g/mL),以此条件下测得多酚提取量为25.6 mg/g,多糖提取量为152.11 mg/g。体外抗氧化结果表明,金银花多酚和多糖对DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·具有显著清除能力,对Fe^(3+)有较强还原能力。利用超声辅助双水相萃取法实现了金银花多糖和多酚同步提取。多糖和多酚抗氧化活性均显著,其中金银花多酚抗氧化能力在一定范围内强于VC。

基于酚酸类成分评价不同品种金银花枝和叶的利用价值

以8个品种金银花的枝和叶为研究对象,建立8种酚酸类成分的高效液相色谱检测方法,测定样品中酚酸类成分的含量特征,将含量测定结果经聚类分析、因子综合分析及偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)等多元统计学方法评价。结果表明,建立的金银花枝和叶中8种酚酸类成分的含量测定方法稳定、可靠、简便。8个品种金银花枝和叶中的酚酸类成分总含量变化范围分别为19.4162~33.6684、40.9900~80.3068 mg·g^(−1)。不同品种间酚酸类成分总含量差异较大,枝和叶中均为‘北花一号’的总含量最高,‘巨花一号’的总含量最低。聚类分析发现,金银花枝中,‘北花一号’单独聚为一类,其各组分含量高于其他品种;因子综合分析表明,‘北花一号’综合得分>1;PLSDA分析筛选出异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C、阿魏酸和绿原酸可能是引起枝的酚酸含量差异的主要成分。金银花叶中,‘北花一号’和‘九丰一号’聚为一类,且这两个品种因子综合分析得分>1;PLS-DA分析筛选出绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸可能是引起叶的酚酸含量差异的主要成分。总之,不同品种金银花枝和叶的主要酚酸类成分特征存在差异,就酚酸类成分而言,‘北花一号’和‘九丰一号’的枝和叶更有优势。本研究为金银花枝和叶的利用提供了科学依据。

金银花胡萝卜微管蚜发生规律及防治适期研究

目的:明确金银花胡萝卜微管蚜越冬卵和春季发生蚜型的形态特征和发生规律。方法:2022年2月,在田间观察胡萝卜微管蚜越冬卵分布部位,采集虫卵及各蚜型成虫,室内镜检并描述其形态特征;2022年3—6月,在金银花田按五点取样法选取植株,定期调查各蚜型数量,采用最优分割法划分胡萝卜微管蚜种群动态并分析其与金银花物候的关系。结果:胡萝卜微管蚜虫卵主要分布在金银花植株的芽鳞、树杈和树皮缝等部位。胡萝卜微管蚜春季在金银花上依次发生干母、无翅孤雌蚜和有翅孤雌蚜3个蚜型,其中干母主要发生于3月9日至4月7日,高峰虫量为29.4只/梢;无翅孤雌蚜和有翅孤雌蚜在3月28日至5月27日混合发生,分别于4月19日和5月13日到达高峰,峰值分别为75.5只/梢和105.6只/梢。胡萝卜微管蚜种群动态与金银花物候特征密切相关,在金银花萌芽展叶期,蚜虫种群处于初建期和缓慢增长期,种群数量低,最高虫量为29.4只/梢;金银花抽梢期,蚜虫种群处于快速增长期,数量迅速上升;金银花花蕾期,蚜虫种群处于高峰期,数量达到高峰值,为370.5只/梢;在金银花开花期,蚜虫种群处于衰退期,数量迅速下降,至6月初基本消失。结论:金银花越冬期是防控胡萝卜微管蚜虫卵的关键期,萌芽展叶期是防控该蚜虫春季种群爆发的关键期。

野鸦椿果实乙酸乙酯萃取物化学成分及对HepG2细胞抑制作用研究

研究野鸦椿(Euscaphis japonica(Thunb.)Dippel.)干燥成熟果实的乙酸乙酯部位化学成分及对HepG2细胞的抑制作用。采用多种柱色谱技术和半制备HPLC分离技术,对野鸦椿果实的乙酸乙酯部分进行分离纯化,分离所得化合物运用核磁共振技术进行结构鉴定。并采用HepG2细胞模型对这些化合物的抗肿瘤作用进行探究。最终分离得到17个化合物,分别鉴定为齐墩果酸(1)、6β-羟基白桦脂酸(2)、木鳖子酸(3)、2-氧代坡模酸(4)、坡模酸(5)、熊果酸(6)、23-醛坡模酸(7)、1-氧泰国树脂酸(8)、annurcoic acid(9)、马斯里酸(10)、山柰酚(11)、柚皮素(12)、芹菜素(13)、木犀草素(14)、圣草酚(15)、没食子酸甲酯(16)、原儿茶酸(17)。其中,化合物2、9、12~15为首次从野鸦椿属中分离得到。化合物2、5、6、10、13对HepG2细胞有抑制作用。化合物5可抑制HepG2细胞增殖和迁移,阻滞细胞周期于G1期;促进细胞内活性氧的积累,降低线粒体膜电位,促进细胞凋亡。

乌蔹莓灌肠对远端溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床疗效

目的探讨乌蔹莓灌肠对远端溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床疗效。方法60例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例,对照组给予美沙拉嗪肠溶片,观察组在对照组基础上加用乌蔹莓灌肠,疗程8周。检测临床疗效、生活质量评分、DAI评分、Mayo活动指数、肠黏膜屏障功能指标(DAO、ET、D-乳酸)、肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌、肠球菌)、炎症因子(IL-10、IL-6、TNF-α)、安全性指标变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组生活质量评分、IL-10升高(P<0.05),DAI评分、Mayo活动指数、肠黏膜屏障功能指标、IL-6、TNF-α降低(P<0.05),双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌增加(P<0.05),大肠杆菌、肠球菌减少(P<0.05),并比对照组更明显(肠球菌除外)(P<0.05)。2组未发现不良反应。结论乌蔹莓灌肠可安全有效地改善远端溃疡性结肠炎患者DAI评分和Mayo活动指数,其机制可能与调节菌群稳态、修复肠黏膜屏障、抑制炎症因子释放有关。

金银花化学成分及其抗氧化活性研究

目的研究金银花化学成分及其抗氧化活性。方法金银花提取物采用D101大孔树脂、硅胶柱和半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用DPPH自由基清除法测定其抗氧化活性。结果从中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为dearabinosyl pneumonanthoside(1)、5α-carboxystrictosidine(2)、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(3)、咖啡酸乙酯(4)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(6)、异槲皮苷(7)、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷(8)、木犀草素-7-O-新橙皮苷(9)、次大风子素(10)、绿原酸甲酯(11)、(Z)-aldosecolohanin(12)、kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside(13)、绿原酸丁酯(14)、(-)-syringaresinol(15)。化合物3、5~10、13~14清除DPPH自由基的IC 50值为6.70~36.25μmol/L。结论化合物1~2、8~9、11和15为首次从忍冬属植物中分离。化合物3、5~10、13~14具有较好的抗氧化活性。

臭常山内生真菌次级代谢产物及其α-糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的 鉴定臭常山内生真菌G-(JK)-2,并对次级代谢产物及其α-糖苷酶抑制活性进行研究。方法 通过ITS序列建立系统进化树,鉴定内生真菌G-(JK)-2;对其45 d大米固体培养基发酵物进行甲醇提取、乙酸乙酯萃取,硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶和半制备HPLC分离纯化后进行结构鉴定,采用PNPG法评价α-糖苷酶抑制活性。结果 鉴定臭常山内生真菌G-(JK)-2为镰刀属内生真菌Fusarium nematophilum;分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(G1)、4-hydroxyacetophenone(G2)、anhydromevalonolactone(G3)、flazine(G4)、salicylic acid(G5)、p-hydroxybenzoic acid(G6)、di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate(G7)、terephthalic acid bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)ester(G8)、thymine(G9)、uridine(G10)、adenosine(G11)、2′-deoxyuridine(G12)、nicotinic acid(G13)。各化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用依次为G4>G11>G10>G13>G12。结论 所有化合物均首次从臭常山的内生真菌中分离得到,G10、G11、G13首次从镰刀属内生真菌中分离得到,G4和G11有较弱的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。