Industrial solid wastes to environmental protection materials for removal of gaseous pollutants:A review

The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective manner.In this review,we investigate the development of industrialwaste-based functional materials for various gas pollutant removal and consider the relevant reaction mechanism according to different types of industrial solid waste.We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance environmental functional materials via chemical or physical modification,in which the active components,pore size,and phase structure can be altered.The review will discuss the potential of using industrial solid wastes,these modified materials,or synthesized materials from raw waste precursors for the removal of air pollutants,including SO_(2),NO_(x),Hg^(0),H_(2)S,VOCs,and CO_(2).The challenges still need to be addressed to realize this potential and the prospects for future research fully.The suggestions for future directions include determining the optimal composition of these materials,calculating the real reaction rate and turnover frequency,developing effective treatment methods,and establishing chemical component databases of raw industrial solid waste for catalysts/adsorbent preparation.

Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies canopy effects on deposition of air pollutants

Tree canopies influence atmospheric pollutant depositions depending on type,ecosystem characteristics,and local climatic conditions.This study investigated the impact of Pinus sylvestris L.and Picea abies(L.)H.Karst.,and a mixture of both,on the chemical composition of pre-cipitation.Three permanent plots within the ICP forest level Ⅱ monitoring network in Lithuania were selected to illustrate typical hemiboreal coniferous forests.The study analysed(1)the concentrations of NO_(2),NH_(3) and SO_(2) in the ambi-ent air;(2)the concentrations of SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),NH_(4)^(+),Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+) and Cl^(-) in throughfall beneath canopies and in precipitation collected in an adjacent field,and(3)S and total N,Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+)and Cl−depositions in throughfall and precipitation over 2006-2022.Results show a signifi-cant decrease in SO_(2) emissions in the ambient air;NO_(2) and NH_(3) emissions also decreased.The canopies reduced the acidity of throughfall,although they led to notably higher concentrations of SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),Na^(+),and particularly K^(+).During the study,low variability in NO_(3)^(-)deposition and a decrease in NH_(4)^(+)deposition occurred.Deposition loads increased by 20-30%when precipitation passed through the canopy.The cumulative deposition of S,Cl,Na,K,Ca,and N was greater under P.abies than under P.sylvestris.How-ever,K deposition in throughfall was considerably lower under P.sylvestris compared to the P.abies or mixed stand.Throughfall S depositions declined across all three coniferous plots.Overall,there was no specific effect of tree species on throughfall chemistry.

Impact of Air Pollutants on Lung Function and Inflammatory Response in Asthma in Shanghai

Objective Air pollution is a leading public health issue.This study investigated the effect of air quality and pollutants on pulmonary function and inflammation in patients with asthma in Shanghai.Methods The study monitored 27 asthma outpatients for a year,collecting data on weather,patient self-management[daily asthma diary,peak expiratory flow(PEF)monitoring,medication usage],spirometry and serum markers.To explore the potential mechanisms of any effects,asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin(OVA)were exposed to PM_(2.5).Results Statistical and correlational analyses revealed that air pollutants have both acute and chronic effects on asthma.Acute exposure showed a correlation between PEF and levels of ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)).Chronic exposure indicated that interleukin-5(IL-5)and interleukin-13(IL-13)levels correlated with PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)concentrations.In asthmatic mouse models,exposure to PM_(2.5)increased cytokine levels and worsened lung function.Additionally,PM_(2.5)exposure inhibited cell proliferation by blocking the NF-κB and ERK phosphorylation pathways.Conclusion Ambient air pollutants exacerbate asthma by worsening lung function and enhancing Th2-mediated inflammation.Specifically,PM_(2.5)significantly contributes to these adverse effects.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which PM_(2.5)impacts asthma.

Hydrodynamic Cavitation Enhanced SR-Aops Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water:A Review

SR-AOP(sulfate radical advanced oxidation process)is a novel water treatment method able to eliminate refractory organic pollutants.Hydrodynamic cavitation(HC)is a novel green technology,that can effectively produce strong oxidizing sulfate radicals.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research advancements in these fields and a critical discussion of the principal factors influencing HC-enhanced SR-AOP and the mechanisms of synergistic degradation.Furthermore,some insights into the industrial application of HC/PS are also provided.Current research shows that this technology is feasible at the laboratory stage,but its application on larger scales requires further understanding and exploration.In this review,some attention is also paid to the design of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor and the related operating parameters.

Bivariate Analysis of Pollutants Monthly Maxima in Mexico City Using Extreme Value Distributions and Copula

In the present work, we are interested in studying the joint distributions of pairs of the monthly maxima of the pollutants used by the environmental authorities in Mexico City to classify the air quality in the metropolitan area. In order to obtain the joint distributions a copula will be considered. Since we are analyzing the monthly maxima, the extreme value distributions of Weibull and Fréchet are taken into account. Using these two distributions as marginal distributions in the copula a Bayesian inference was made in order to estimate the parameters of both distributions and also the association parameters appearing in the copula model. The pollutants taken into account are ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter with diameters smaller than 10 and 2.5 microns obtained from the Mexico City monitoring network. The estimation was performed by taking samples of the parameters generated through a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm implemented using the software OpenBugs. Once the algorithm is implemented it is applied to the pairs of pollutants where one of the coordinates of the pair is ozone and the other varies on the set of the remaining pollutants. Depending on the pollutant and the region where they were collected, different results were obtained. Hence, in some cases we have that the best model is that where we have a Fréchet distribution as the marginal distribution for the measurements of both pollutants and in others the most suitable model is the one assuming a Fréchet for ozone and a Weibull for the other pollutant. Results show that, in the present case, the estimated association parameter is a good representation to the correlation parameters between the pair of pollutants analyzed. Additionally, it is a straightforward task to obtain these correlation parameters from the corresponding association parameters.

Ultra-Net Emission and Solid Waste Transfer of Air Pollutants in Steel, Power and Cement Industries—The Idea of Construction and Key Technology of Denitration Engineering Transformation and By-Product Formation

In this paper, an integrated desulfurization and denitrification technology is proposed for ultra-low emissions of SO2 and NOx in the steel, power and cement industries. A cost-effective and operationally efficient control strategy is realized through a forced oxidation-absorption-reduction process, which reduces equipment investment and operating costs. The technology was adapted to continuous and intermittent denitrification in different temperature zones, promoting the recycling of desulfurization and denitrification products. The study also explored the use of a highly active absorbent obtained by the hydration reaction of coal ash and lime from a power company for the desulfurization and denitrification of sintered flue gases in iron and steel mills, which produces by-products that can be used as retarding agents in the cement industry, resulting in a circular economy. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the lime digestion process and developing new denitrification agents for environmentally safe and cost-effective flue gas treatment.

Response of warm season secondary pollutants to emissions and meteorology in the North China Plain region during 2018-2022

自2013年起中国空气质量虽改善,但华北平原(NCP)重污染仍存在且二次污染加剧,而人们对其成因和变化了解有限.本研究利用2018-2022年数据,借助CMAQ模型探讨此污染响应.结果显示,在2018-2022年间,PM_(2.5)浓度显著下降31%-37%,O_(3)和NO_(2)的年下降速率分别为1%和0.5%SIA和SOA也显著减少,每年分别减少9%和6%PM_(2.5)主要因排放减少而下降,而O_(3)则受气象影响而波动.硫酸盐和铵下降的主因是减排,而硝酸盐对气象变化敏感排放和气象变化对SOA的总体减少同样重要,但人为SOA对排放控制敏感生物SOA易受气象变化影响.研究强调了控制人为排放对缓解NCP地区夏季二次污染的重要性.

Absorption capacity of major urban afforestation species in north-eastern China to heavy metal pollutants in the atmosphere

Totally 24 arbor tree species and 6 shrub species were measured on their absorption capacities to heavy metal Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg by collecting and analyzing the leaves of trees along different streets in Harbin city in Sept. to Oct. of 2003. The results showed that all the measured species had certain absorbency to the pollutants (Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg), but there existed significant difference in absorption capacity for different species to different pollutants. The measured tree species were classified into three categories by their absorption quantum of heavy metal pollutants. Among the species measured,Betula platyphylla, Ulmus pumila var.pendula, andPrunus persicaf.rubro-plena had high capacity in absorbing Pb;Populus xiahei, P. nigra var.Italica, P. alba x P. berolinensis andSalix matsudana had had high capacity in absorbing Cd;Phellodendron amurense, Syringa oblata, Salix matsudana, Pinus tabulaeformis var.mukdensis, Picea koraiensis, Prunus persica f.rubro-plena, P. triloba andAcer negundo, etc. had high capacity in absorption of Cr;Prunus triloba, Quercus mongolica, Salix matsudana, Sambucus williamsii, Pyrus ussuuriensis andSpiraea fritschiana were good at absorption of Hg. This study might offer scientific foundation for selection of urban afforestation species in different polluted conditions caused by heavy metals. Keywords Greening tree species - Heavy metal - Pollutants - Plumbum - Cadmium - Chromium - Mercury - Absorptivity CLC number S731.2 - X501 Document code A Foundation item: This study is financially supported by the Special Programme for Agriculture under Ministry of Chinese Science and Technology (No. 2002BA516A15-01).Biography: MU Li-qiang (1966-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

MIL-53(Fe、Al)/PSf共混膜的制备与性能研究

通过溶剂热法合成了双金属有机框架MIL-53(Fe、Al)亲水性材料,与聚砜(PSf)共混并通过非溶剂致相分离法制备MIL-53(Fe、Al)/PSf共混膜。探究了MIL-53(Fe、Al)的添加质量分数对共混膜的结构和亲水性、渗透性、截留性以及抗污染性能的影响。结果表明,当MIL-53(Fe、Al)的添加质量分数为0.3%时,与原膜相比,水接触角降低了28.81°,达到54.78°;纯水通量提高了10.21倍,达到179.15 L/(m^(2)·h·bar)。MIL-53(Fe、Al)的加入,显著提高了PSf超滤膜的亲水性和抗污染性能。

基于AIS和波浪数据的船舶碳排放计算

随着全球贸易运输的增长,航运业面临着日趋严峻的碳排放问题。为了更精准地估算船舶在海上巡航时的碳排放量,该文提出了一种基于船舶自动识别系统(AIS)数据和波浪数据的碳排放计算模型。该模型利用波浪数据计算波浪阻力,从而更准确地修正船舶航行总阻力,通过实验数据验证了阻力计算的准确性,并根据计算主机的能耗,进一步估算船舶的二氧化碳排放量。结合2022年7-9月美国近海域超过5 000总吨的商船的AIS船舶数据,计算出船舶航行二氧化碳排放总量为268.91万t,其中货船的二氧化碳排放总量最多,贡献了181.92万t的碳排量,客船和油轮次之,分别为31.45万t和55.55万t,并根据此计算结果绘制了商船碳排放时空分布图,揭示了不同类型船舶在不同时空下的碳排放特征和规律。该研究对航运业的绿色转型以及提升环保意识具有重要的参考价值,也为海运业的碳排放管理提供了强有力的数据支持。

基于3DEEMs-PARAFAC的长荡湖溶解性有机物(DOM)来源及分布特征研究

湖泊水质直接影响周边生态、人类健康和经济,而现代工业、城市化带来的压力使得湖泊面临着严峻挑战,需要深入了解变化、寻找污染源,并采取有效措施维护生态健康和人民生活水质安全。因此,基于三维荧光(3DEEMs)和平行因子(PARAFAC)方法,对2022年长荡湖及其周边面源的水质溶解性有机物(DOM)的荧光光谱进行分析,探讨了长荡湖DOM的荧光组分来源及时空分布,同时对比周边面源荧光与湖体荧光的相似性。结果表明,长荡湖水体的溶解有机质(DOM)荧光主要由两类荧光组分构成:类蛋白荧光组分(C1)和类腐殖质组分(C2、C3、C4)。这些组分与周边印染、生活排放以及水产养殖等源头的荧光组分相似度较高。长荡湖在不同水期各类荧光分布存在差异,特别是丰水期,荧光强度主要集中于下游出湖口。长荡湖荧光特征参数FI的值为(1.68~1.75),BIX的值在(0.92~0.93),HIX的值在(0.56~0.7),表明长荡湖DOM的增量以内源为主。综合分析显示,长荡湖的有机质主要来自水生动植物和藻类的腐解等内源增量。冗余分析结果表明,与湖体DOM相关性较大的环境因子主要包括Chl-a和COD。本研究不仅对解决当地生态环境问题具有积极作用,同时也为其他湖泊生态系统的研究提供了有价值的实践经验。

基于APCS-MLR模型和UNMIX模型的农田土重金属源解析

为探明某堆浸场下游农田土壤重金属的空间分布特征、污染现状及来源,共采集0.2m和0.5m深度76个采样点的152个土壤样本,测定Cu、Zn、Cr等8种金属元素含量,运用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法评价其污染水平,进而采用主成分分析、绝对主成分-多元线性回归(APCSMLR)模型和UNMIX模型分别解析污染源,并使用地统计学分析法进行验证。结果表明,土壤中Cr、Pb、As和Hg的含量平均值超过云南省土壤背景值,其中,As含量高于背景值和筛选值的点位比例分别超过90%和70%。UNMIX模型解析结果显示重金属污染源主要有4个,源1为矿业开发和交通源,对As和Pb的贡献率分别为65%和56%;源2为农业活动源,对Cd的贡献率为91%;源3为自然母质源,对Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni的贡献率分别为63%、61%、62%和55%;源4为燃煤源,对Hg的贡献率为94%。APCS-MLR模型解析结果与UNMIX模型基本一致,但未单独识别出自然母质源。上述结果可为农田生态环境管理精准施策提供技术支撑,为矿山污染防治及改善采矿工艺流程提供理论依据。

惠州市室外大气质量的现状研究

本文利用惠州市2018—2022年逐日的空气质量监测数据,对惠州市环境空气质量、主要污染物浓度年际变化特征等进行了统计分析。结果发现,2018—2022年惠州市环境空气质量等级为优良的天数最多,整体上呈现稳定趋势,未出现重度及严重污染天气,首要污染物主要是O_(3)-8h、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)。除O_(3)-8h外,SO_(2)、NO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)等主要污染物年均浓度及CO 95%分位数浓度变化总体看呈下降趋势;O_(3)-8h 90%分位数浓度总体看呈上升趋势。研究结果表明,惠州市空气质量综合指数总体呈逐年下降趋势,空气质量整体向好。对主要污染物的单项质量指数进行占比分析发现,O_(3)-8h占比第一,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)占比紧随其后,表明这是大气污染防治的重点。

长江经济带大气污染密集型企业时空格局演变及影响因素

产业集聚具有促进区域经济增长和产生环境污染的双重效应。基于“两控区”政策期间工业企业污染匹配数据,以长江经济带1998年、2005年、2012年大气污染密集型企业为研究对象,利用百度地图API接口进行企业地址匹配,运用GIS空间邻近分析、空间自相关分析和空间计量模型研究大气污染密集型企业分布模式、空间集聚特征及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)长江经济带大气污染密集型企业数量不断增长,空间分布呈现明显的集聚特征,总体符合“中心—外围”结构模式;(2)区县大气污染密集型企业数量变化存在显著的正向空间自相关,热点区域为上海、江苏、浙江;(3)产业集聚对其企业数量时空变化的影响随时间逐渐增强,劳动力和边界效应与企业新增量关系显著,环境规制作用存在地区差异。

Effects of Heavy Metal and Pollutants on the Non-special Immunity of the Shrimp and Crab

This paper attempted to review and evaluate existing information about the effects of heavy metal, ammonia-N, nitrite and the organic pollutants on the non-special immune response of the shrimp and crab, which providing theory for improving the self-immunity of shrimp and crab by meliorating cultural environment. In addition, it could provide information for further study on this field.

基于复杂网络的土壤重金属污染评价研究

城市土壤重金属污染严重影响生态环境,防治土壤重金属污染是生态文明建设的重要组成部分。基于2013年黄骅市土壤采样点重金属元素含量数据,利用复杂网络方法构建了采样点共异常网络和元素共异常网络,并采用社团划分算法分析了土壤污染的空间集聚特征。采样点共异常网络结果表明,黄骅市污染情况普遍,重污染集中在北部吕桥镇;黄骅市污染采样点可分为社团进行共同治理,其中骅中街道与吕桥镇污染情况最为相似,应考虑共同治理污染。元素共异常网络结果表明,Cu元素是黄骅市污染情况最为严重的元素,它与Cr元素的污染分布在黄骅市的相似区域。研究结果可为黄骅市表层土壤污染治理提供重要参考。

企业环保投资的治理效应——基于杠杆操纵视角

企业为避免监管以及满足融资需求而进行的杠杆操纵行为屡见不鲜。在强调可持续发展理念的时代变局中,为环境绩效付诸的努力能否对企业杠杆操纵起到治理效应亟待讨论。本文以2012~2023年沪深A股上市公司为样本,探究企业环保投资对杠杆操纵行为的影响及其潜在的作用渠道。研究发现,环保投资能够显著降低企业的杠杆操纵程度,并且这一影响受到地区环境规制力度、重污染行业属性以及低市场竞争度的强化。渠道检验结果表明,环保投资能帮助企业获取债权融资、提升ESG表现,进而实现对企业杠杆操纵行为的治理效应。本文从杠杆操纵的视角揭示了环保投资在公司治理中的积极作用,凸显了践行可持续发展理念在提高上市公司会计信息质量中的重要地位,为政府部门监管企业行为提供了来自环保实践层面的启示。

Microplastic and nanoplastic exposure and risk of diabetes mellitus

The issue of plastic pollutants has become a growing concern.Both microplastics(MPs)(particle size<5 mm)and nanoplastics(NPs)(particle size<1μm)can cause DNA damage,cytotoxicity,and oxidative stress in various organisms.The primary known impacts of microplastic/nanoplastic are observed in the liver and respiratory system,leading to hepatotoxicity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Although research on the effects of MPs and NPs on diabetes is still in its early stages,there are potential concerns.This editorial highlights the risk to diabetics from co-exposure to contaminants and MPs/NPs,supported by evidence from animal studies and the various chemical compositions of MPs/NPs.

海州湾小眼绿鳍鱼微塑料污染特征及潜在风险评估

随着海洋污染的日益加剧,微塑料的危害逐渐被人们关注,其不仅可以随洋流运动,还可以沿着食物链在生态系统中进行传递和累积。为探究海州湾渔业生物的微塑料污染特征,并对聚合物潜在风险进行评估,本研究对海州湾海域小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys spinosus)体内的微塑料污染特征进行分析,并对其潜在风险进行了评估。研究显示,小眼绿鳍鱼的鳃部和胃肠道普遍存在微塑料,小眼绿鳍鱼体内微塑料平均丰度为(1.98±2.02)个/个体。微塑料尺寸主要集中在500μm以内,颜色以黑色为主,绝大多数为纤维状。在小眼绿鳍鱼鳃部和胃肠道共检测出8种聚合物类型,以聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为主。相关性分析表明,小眼绿鳍鱼胃肠道内的微塑料丰度与全长呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),而鳃部微塑料丰度、总微塑料丰度与小眼绿鳍鱼全长、体质量、胃肠质量均无显著相关关系(P>0.05)。利用聚合物危害指数(PHI)进行风险评估表明,海州湾小眼绿鳍鱼聚合物危害总体上处于中低风险水平。

Kinetics of low level chemiluminescence from plant leaf smoked by air pollutants

The kinetics of low level chemiluminescence from Chinese white polpar leaf smoked by CO and two gaseous mixture of SO 2 and CO or SO 2, NO x and CO, and their luminescence intensity formula were described. The comparison of the results indicated that three kinds of the gaseous compounds could cause no changes of the substantial nature of foliar biophoton emission. However, they made the luminescence intensity, including I o (1) and I o (2) , altered in a certain degree, and the changes caused by the fumigation of CO and the mixed gas of SO 2 and CO were different from that made by the gaseous mixture of SO 2, NO x and CO in τ′ and τ″ of the photo induced luminescence from plant leaf.