Research on the Industrial Transfer and Restructuring Path of the Energy-Intensive Manufacturing Industry in Western China

The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industrial transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing in the eastern,central,and western regions since the policy of large-scale development of western China was implemented.We measured the total factor productivity(TFP)of western China using the DEAMalmquist index method.We conducted a regression analysis to measure the effect of western China’s undertaking of the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry.The findings of this study show that during 2000–2019,eleven provinces(as well as autonomous regions and municipalities)in western China undertook the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry from the eastern and central regions to varying degrees,exhibiting significant phase features regarding the rate and scale of transfers.Further investigation also demonstrated that the transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing industries has a U-shaped enabling effect on TFP in western China with the scale effect greater than the technology effect.Therefore,it is necessary to transition from“extensive industrial transfer”at the cost of the labor force,land,and resources to“modern industrial transfer”featured by technology and efficiency improvements to contribute to industrial restructuring in western China effectively.

International trade,pollution industry transfer and CO_2 emissions in Chinese industries

Will developed countries turn China into a haven for "dirty" industries through international trade by specializing in producing and exporting "clean" products and importing pollution-intensive products from China? How does international trade affect Chinese industries' CO2 emissions? This paper presents an empirical test of these hypotheses using statistical techniques such as the environmental input-output model and net exports as a proportion of consumption(NETXC) based on the trade data of 20 industries in China,and G7 and OECD developed countries.In this study,we draw three conclusions:(1) The proportion of domestically produced CO2 emissions in CO2 emissions embodied in products exported from China has been declining;(2) Industries migrated or displaced from developed countries into China include both "dirty" and "clean" industries;(3) International trade can help industries reduce CO2 emissions in aggregate and per unit of output.China has not become a haven for developed countries' "dirty" industries as a result of international trade.

Analysis and Research on Industrial Land Transfer in Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone of Anhui Province

In recent years,with high-speed development of economy and society,and fast propulsion of industrialization and urbanization process in the development zone,average annual land demand in the development zone also quickly enlarges,and the contradiction between high-speed growth of economy and shortage of land resources is apparent increasingly. Meanwhile,to guarantee crop safety and stick to 0. 12 billion hm2of farmland red line as a rigid constraint which could not be exceeded,the supply-demand contradiction of industrial land is more and more prominent. With industrial land scale continues to enlarge,land resources become more and more scarce,but there exists the phenomenon of low-efficiency land use and even idle. For land use characteristics of the development zone,taking Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example,the countermeasures of perfecting industrial land transfer mechanism in the development zone are proposed.

The Belt and Road Initiative and International Industrial Transfer: Economic and International Implications

Theorists have discussed the Belt and Road Initiative relative to its political or policy implications, and world response to it has focused on analysis and commentary that assesses it geopolitically, with some even calling it a power play by China. Although the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed and has been promoted by China, it fundamentally is being developed within and adapted to laws of international industrial transfer and worldwide economic development trends, founding the initiative on universality and objectivity. The Belt and Road Initiative is an upgraded version or a new phase of the Go Out strategy adopted by the Chinese government to encourage Chinese enterprises to look abroad, which has been an important part of international industrial transfer. China is becoming a major output source in this new round of international industrial transfer, and the countries along the Belt and Road have become the major recipients. The new growth center of the global economy is likely to emerge along the Belt and Road, but the question of which countries in particular will take the lead in industrializing and accelerating economic growth through this industrial transfer will be decided in part through conditions such as development stage, technical maturity, cost level, and geographical location and in part through internal and external policy adjustment and choices made by the participating countries.

A STUDY ON THE MECHANISM AND CHARACTEROF THE INDUSTRIALAND SPATIAL TRANSFERENCE OF FDI IN CHINA

In the last two decades, China has become one of the areas that have the greatest potential in industrial production, thus it has ranked second only to USA in the now of international capital. By the end of 1998, the real value of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in China has utilized has added up to $268. 1 billion. The big flow of FDI has not only promoted the development of social economy, but also worsened the existing regional difference by choosing spatial location. Under this circumstance, China’s economy faces new restrictions and opportunities while adjusting its regional structure and industrial struc- ture. So it is more and more important for us how to seize the opportunity, to seek the regUlarity of FDI in choosing location from the aspect Of space, to set up relevant strategy to direct FDI at inland regions (areas deficient of capital), and to make appropriate policies, esp. the industrial and regional policies so as for. FDI to exert positive influence and avoid negative influence on China and its regional economy and society. Based on the latest domestic and overseas materials and data of the FDI in Chi- na, combining with the investigation of the enterprises, this paper has systematically revealed the progress of development of the FDI in China and the developing conditions of the main enterprises directly invested by foreign capital since the reform and open- opening-up in China. The characters of FDI such as spatial concentration, transference as time goes on, change of the technical con- tent and up-gradation of industrial structure and their forming mechanism have been studied. Then the basic conclusions have been made as follows. Firstly, FDI has been highly concentrated in space. But as time goes by, it has been transferring from coastal regions to inland ones, from big cities to their surrounding districts, and the degree of concentration is decreasing. Secondly, the technical content of the invested projects has gradually increased and the up-gradation of the industrial structure is obvious. Thirdly, the regional choice of the FDI in China is mainly affected by labor and other productive factors. The relative change of the cost of productive factors in different regions since the reform and opening-up is one of the main factors that have caused the spatial transference of the FDI in China. Fourthly, as people’s income increases and the accumulation of the capacity of the technique and labor advances, FDI whose aim is to get more market has increased and tended to transfer from coastal regions to inland ones. Fifthly, the changes of the industrial structure of the main areas and countries who have directly invested in China and the changes of inter-regional industries and regional policies in China are also the important factors that affect the industries directly invested by foreign capital and their spatial transference.

Present Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of Land Transfer in the Process of Agricultural Industrialization in the Qinling-Daba Mountains(Shiyan)

In order to study the current situation of land transfer in the process of agricultural industrialization in the Qinling-Daba Mountains(Shiyan),27 villages of 14 townships(towns) of six counties(cities) were visited and investigated through questionnaires,and the current situation and characteristics of land transfer among large professional households( large grain producers),family farms,agricultural enterprises and cooperatives in the process of agricultural industrialization were analyzed and summarized. The main issues affecting land transfer were summarized,such as big difference of inflow and outflow will,single way of land transfer,high cost of planting,weak agricultural infrastructure,a lack of production and operation technology,insufficient funds and short land transfer period,and imperfect social security system.Meanwhile,some countermeasures were proposed,such as improving land transfer system,precise subsidy policy and social security mechanism of Shiyan City,guiding long-term and normalized land transfer,strengthening training of professional skills and improving the quality of human resources,actively promoting the " three-township project",and attracting the investment in land transfer projects.

Research on the Impact of Land Transfer on County Agricultural Industrialized Development——A Case Study of Dali County,Shaanxi Province

On the strength of the status quo of Chinese land transfer,the changes of the county agricultural production factor market arising from land transfer from four aspects covering land market,agricultural capital market,agricultural labor market and agricultural science and technology.The impacts of land transfer on county agricultural industrialized development are analyzed:in the first place,the large amount of land required by the county agricultural scale production can be effectively supplied;in the second place,a large number of labors required by the county agricultural industrialized production can be effectively fulfilled;in the third place,the innovation of science and technology provides motivation for adjusting the county agricultural industrial structure.On the basis of that,the countermeasures on promoting the county economic development are put forward:firstly,the land transfer market should be standardized to ensure the sustainable and stable development of county agricultural industrialized development;secondly,the commercial value,variations and added value of the county agricultural products should be improved;thirdly,the input on the county agricultural capital should be ensured.

营商环境、产业转移与区域协调发展

营商环境已成为推进产业转移和区域协调发展的关键变量。高度重视优化中西部地区营商环境、鼓励东部地区产业向中西部迁移而不是向海外转移,对推动比较优势在东部和中西部之间的转化、促进产业转型升级和区域协调发展,具有积极的实践价值。现阶段,全球产供链重组要求着力提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平,这就需要通过提升中西部地区的竞争优势,让一些产业循环留在国内,增强中国在全球产供链体系中的自主可控能力。同时,全国统一大市场建设要求中央做好区域协调的战略准备,将过去地方政府依靠创造优惠政策洼地参与区域竞争,转变为创造更好更优的营商环境、建设高标准市场体系。为此,需要加快推进实施市场取向的竞争政策;需要让中国的产业政策转型为中央主导型,促进地方产业政策转向鼓励公平竞争和效率竞争;需要通过再造市场规则、融资环境、政府服务环境、司法环境、公共服务平台等,多管齐下改善中西部地区营商环境。

外部需求冲击对中国地区间经济差距的影响

区域间经济发展差距一直是中国经济面临的突出问题之一。基于2000—2014年BACI-CEPII双边贸易数据与城市统计年鉴数据,以城市为分析对象,探究外部需求冲击对中国地区间经济差距的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:外部需求扩张会显著扩大中国地区间经济差距,该结论在经过内生性处理以及一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立;外部需求扩张提高了地区主导产业规模与关联产业强度,从而加剧外部需求扩张对地区间经济差距的拉大效应;外部需求扩张促进了城市间产业转移的发生,而且产业转移整体上缓解了外部需求扩张所引致的地区间经济差距的扩大;外部需求扩张主要加剧了东部地区与南部地区城市与全国平均水平间的经济差距,但是会缩小西部地区城市与全国平均水平间的经济差距,对中部地区与北部地区城市间经济差距的影响则不明显。

炼化生产计划优化中的分子建模方法

为了实现生产方案优化,提高石油炼化加工效益,应用模型开展生产计划优化测算是国内外石化企业的普遍做法。当前国内一些企业采用的传统炼化生产计划优化模型比较宏观,无法精确反映原料组分变化对产品收率和性质的影响,因此有必要在优化模型中引入分子管理理念,实现装置的分子水平建模。文章提出一种在全厂炼化计划优化模型中开展分子建模的方法:首先将二次反应装置构建为多个逻辑装置,其次采用多Delta-base结构描述反应后分子产物随原料组分变化的关系,最后采用分方案物性传递技术将分子组分合成为实际产物以实现产品组分的动态计算。该方法在自主研发的国产炼化计划优化软件平台RIPO上实现。采用某企业数据,建立了包括常减压蒸馏、连续重整和芳烃联合装置分子模型的全厂生产计划优化模型。结果表明,该方法可以实现精细化的分子水平建模和优化,优化结果反映了原料组分及加工方案对目标产品收率和性质的影响,为提高炼化经济效益提供了支持。

东西部产业转移背景下智能制造类专业集群现代学徒制改革与实践

随着产业转移背景下新兴产业的迅猛发展,支撑产业持续发展的人才供给问题,成为区域经济发展所面临的突出矛盾。本文以校企合作为基础,探索基于专业群的现代学徒制人才培养模式,探索新产业格局下“学教研产”融合发展的新路径。

基于时变空间权重矩阵面板数据模型的京津冀产业转移环境效应研究

环境污染尤其是大气污染成为影响京津冀地区社会发展一个不容忽视的问题,环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)是分析环境问题的常用工具,而很多相关文献的模型未考虑到空间溢出效应及其时间传导途径,忽视了产业转移对环境污染的影响效应。基于以上问题,本文在分析中引入产业转移指数,以空间面板数据模型为分析工具,采用一种内生时空权重矩阵对京津冀地区开展分析。研究结果表明:产业转移对邻近地区环境影响作用更显著,三产比重的提高能有效缓解当地环境污染,京津冀地区工业二氧化硫排放与GDP增长呈正N型。因此,提高高污染工业转移门槛和工业排污标准、提高三产占比以及提高工业固体废物综合利用率对京津冀地区以及其邻近地区环境改善有重要意义。

欠发达地区承接产业转移能力研究——以湘南湘西示范区为例

承接产业转移对促进区域协调发展具有重要意义。基于2013—2021年湘南湘西示范区数据,通过构建承接产业转移能力评价指标体系,使用熵权逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS法)测度承接能力;再利用障碍度模型识别影响承接能力的关键因素。研究结果表明,2013—2021年,示范区内六个地区承接产业转移能力均呈现逐年提升态势,但存在明显差距;邮电业务量、实际利用外资、普通高等学校在校学生数等是阻碍承接能力提升的关键因素。最后根据研究结论提出相应的建议。

一种工具坐标系标定与公共点结合的机器人与激光跟踪仪坐标转换方法

机器人标定需要实现测量坐标系与机器人坐标系的配准关联,得到两者之间的转换关系。为克服传统基于轴线矢量坐标系转换方法操作复杂、拟合精度不高等缺点,提出一种工具坐标系标定与公共点转换相结合的解算方法。首先基于距离约束标定出光学靶标球中心相对于末端法兰坐标系的位置参数,而后通过重心化配置降低测量误差对坐标转换的影响,最后基于公共点转换采用三维七参数模型求解坐标转换齐次矩阵。实验结果表明,相比于基于轴线矢量坐标系转换的传统拟合方法,该方法的点位综合MAE减小35.44%,坐标转换精度更高,且操作方法简单,适合工业现场使用。

面向工控系统未知攻击的域迁移入侵检测方法

针对工业控制系统(ICS)数据匮乏、工控入侵检测系统对未知攻击检测效果差的问题,提出一种基于生成对抗迁移学习网络的工控系统未知攻击入侵检测方法(GATL)。首先,引入因果推理和跨域特征映射关系对数据进行重构,提高数据的可理解性和可靠性;其次,由于源域和目标域数据不平衡,采用基于域混淆的条件生成对抗网络(GAN)增加目标域数据集的规模和多样性;最后,通过域对抗迁移学习融合数据的差异性、共性,提高工控入侵检测模型对目标域未知攻击的检测和泛化能力。实验结果表明,在工控网络标准数据集上,GATL在保持已知攻击高检测率的情况下,对目标域的未知攻击检测的F1-score平均为81.59%,相较于动态对抗适应网络(DAAN)和信息增强的对抗域自适应(IADA)方法分别提升了63.21和64.04个百分点。

工业智能化与产业升级:结构转型还是区位转移?

基于技术水平将各行业划分为五类产业,利用省级面板数据,实证研究工业智能化对不同产业发展的异质性影响及动态演进趋势。结果表明:就整体而言,工业智能化促进了中技术和高技术工业规模扩张,低技术工业收缩,工业部门结构优化升级;从区域来看,工业智能化对东部地区中技术工业回流和高技术工业崛起的作用明显,中部地区的产业承接作用减弱。进一步研究发现,工业智能化对产业结构的影响并非线性且存在产业差异,工业比重均呈先升后降的倒U形趋势,服务业则截然相反,且各类产业具有明显的梯度调整特征。机制检验显示,工业智能化通过促进中低技术工业区位转移,并倒逼低技术工业向高技术工业及服务业转型,促进产业结构优化升级。

基于分省分行业用电量的中国区域间制造业转移和承接趋势

2008年以来,中国经济发展的内外部条件发生急剧变化,政府十分重视产业有序转移和推动生产力优化布局。针对长期以来中国产业转移趋势判断技术手段不足、研究结论存在较多争议等问题,充分发挥用电量统计优势,建立了评估产业转移与承接趋势、规模的方法。基于2010—2021年分省分行业用电量测算发现,区域间存在一定规模的产业转移与承接;环保政策对华北、华中电网区域产业转出影响较大;华东电网区域产业转移规模不及预期,可能主要在区域内部转移;西北电网区域除了高耗能产业集聚趋势强化,纺织、医药、设备制造等产业存在转入;南方电网区域产业转出类型更加多样、转出规模更大,主要来自广东省的影响。结合研究结论,提出了相关的政策启示。

产业链转移的成本驱动机制:以日本半导体产业为例

针对产业链转移成本驱动机制问题,以日本半导体产业为例,通过实证分析产业链转移的成本驱动机制,深度剖析产业链转移的原因,为中国半导体产业链发展提供经验指导。研究中应用产业链成本管理、成本驱动机制理论,系统性的分析了日本芯片产业链转移的原因及内在的成本驱动机制,然后采用回归分析方法,构建了成本驱动机制实证模型,收集了2012年到2022年期间日本主要上市半导体企业数据,对日本半导体产业链转移的成本驱动进行了实证分析,得出了在半导体产业转移的过程中,成本驱动机制从促进产业发展、调整区域产业结构和提高企业竞争力三个方面发挥作用,并且劳动力成本的高低是驱动产业链转移的关键因素之一,制造成本和土地成本共同影响着产业链转移的差异性,税收政策会对半导体企业的营收和利润产生直接影响,政府部门应及时采取措施来促进产业升级和优化,相关企业应根据变化趋势调整自身的经营策略,同时,加强和深化国际合作,以提高整个产业链的竞争力。

纺织服装业转移的影响因素、现状及趋势分析——以江苏省为例

近代以来,纺织服装产业已经发生了5次国际转移。在以我国为主导的第5次转移过程中,劳动力、土地等成本因素依然是推动产业转移的首要因素。与此同时,美欧一些国家的贸易保护主义进一步抬头、需求不振等是目前影响产业转移速度的重要因素。文章以江苏省为案例,分析了目前我国纺织服装产业转移的现状及趋势。