CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state d...CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state density and serious charge recombination between low-temperature processed TiO_(2)film and inorganic perovskite layer interface seriously restrict the performance of all-inorganic PSCs.Here a thin polyethylene oxide(PEO)layer is employed to modify TiO_(2)film to passivate traps and promote carrier collection.The impacts of PEO layer on microstructure and photoelectric characteristics of TiO_(2)film and related devices are systematically studied.Characterization results suggest that PEO modification can reduce the surface roughness of TiO_(2)film,decrease its average surface potential,and passivate trap states.At optimal conditions,the champion efficiency of CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with PEO-modified TiO_(2)(PEO-PSCs)has been improved to 11.24%from 9.03%of reference PSCs.Moreover,the hysteresis behavior and charge recombination have been suppressed in PEO-PSCs.展开更多
Hybrid materials were prepared using a silane coupling agent, tetraethoxysilane （ TEOS ） as the precursor, dilute hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, and epoxy as the matrices. The films coated with hybrid materials ...Hybrid materials were prepared using a silane coupling agent, tetraethoxysilane （ TEOS ） as the precursor, dilute hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, and epoxy as the matrices. The films coated with hybrid materials were expected to improve abrasion resistance and mechanical properties. The morphology, mechanical properties, adhesion, and abrasion resistance of the polyethylene terephthalate （PET） films were characterized using an atomic force microscope, a tensile testing machine, a bagger knife, and a reciprocating fabric abrasion tester. The result of research indicated that the modification significantly affected the abrasion resistance and roughness. The-tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the modified PET films increased by 40% and 50% respectively at 3 % TEOS mass fraction.展开更多
Pattern analysis method was used to study DC breakdown characteristics of low-density polyethylene （LDPE） film and high-density polyethylene （HDPE） film, with particular attention paid to the breakdown phenomenon ...Pattern analysis method was used to study DC breakdown characteristics of low-density polyethylene （LDPE） film and high-density polyethylene （HDPE） film, with particular attention paid to the breakdown phenomenon identification. The breakdown pattern （BP） was recorded by a monocular-video-zoom microscope. The records showed that the effective area of BP was almost identical to the types of electrodes. The effective area od. The diameter was obtained by a mathematical was calculated by a mathematical integral methstatistic method. The study revealed that the DC breakdown voltage of LDPE was lower than that of HDPE. The diameter and effective area of LDPE were smaller than those of HDPE, but it is opposite for the condition of the needle-plane electrode with plane electrode grounded. As for the needle-plane electrode, the diameter and effective area with the films near the needle electrode were smaller than those near the plane electrode, and those in the middle of air gap were between them. As for the sphere-plane electrode, the diameter and effective area with the films near the plane electrode were smaller than those near the sphere electrode, and those in the middle of air gap were between them.展开更多
Microplastic is a new kind of pollutant.It exists widely in the aquatic environment and seriously endangers the aquatic ecosystem.In this study,the coagulating sedimentation method was used to remove microplastics in ...Microplastic is a new kind of pollutant.It exists widely in the aquatic environment and seriously endangers the aquatic ecosystem.In this study,the coagulating sedimentation method was used to remove microplastics in water.Polyethylene(PE)was selected as the representative of microplastics,polyferric sulfate(PFS),polyaluminum chloride(PAC)and aluminum sulfate(AS)were used as coagulant,and polyacrylamide(PAM)was used as coagulant aid to study the effects of pH,coagulant concentration and sedimentation time on the removal of PE by single and composite coagulant.The results showed that when the dosage of PFS was 0.5 g/L and pH was 5.0,the removal rate could reach 82.14%,which was better than PAC and AS,indicating that PFS had better coagulation and sedimentation performance for PE;the composite coagulant of PFS+PAC+AS(1 g/L+0.2 g/L+0.2 g/L,pH was 5.0)had the highest removal rate of PE,reaching 96.06%;the removal rate of PE increased with the increase in sedimentation time,but considering that the longer sedimentation time has less contribution to the improvement of removal rate,it is recommended that 4 h is appropriate.展开更多
Lanthanum-rhodamine (6G and B) complexes were synthesized by Rheological Phase Reaction Method. Lanthanum-rhodamine (6G and B) complexes doped polyethylene films which have a function of lights-conversion were prepare...Lanthanum-rhodamine (6G and B) complexes were synthesized by Rheological Phase Reaction Method. Lanthanum-rhodamine (6G and B) complexes doped polyethylene films which have a function of lights-conversion were prepared. The emission and excitation spectra were measured. The experiments of growing seedling and culture were carried out in the shed built with doped and undoped polyethylene films. Lanthanum-rhodamine doped polyethylene films which have a function of lights-conversion can efficiently convert the green light in the sunlight to the red light for photosynthesis of crops, to promote the maturing of crops and raise the yield of crops.展开更多
Nano-sized TiO2 doped La^3＋ , was used as photocatalysis to degrade polyethylene （PE） film in solid-state reaction. It made PE lose its mass fraction of 14.5%, and formed more quantities of CO2 and more wax yields ...Nano-sized TiO2 doped La^3＋ , was used as photocatalysis to degrade polyethylene （PE） film in solid-state reaction. It made PE lose its mass fraction of 14.5%, and formed more quantities of CO2 and more wax yields after UV irradiation for 288 h. SEM imagines displayed more and bigger holes and pits in the PE film. FT-IR spectra showed that there is a lower absorbance of groups of - CH2 and - CH3 in PE/ TiO2 and 0. 1% La2O3/TiO2/PE composite materials than that in PE film sample of photodegradation, and more carbonyl groups in PE/0.1% LaEO3/TiO2. La^3＋ doping TiO2 improves TiO2 activities of oxidation and erosion of PE film under UV irradiation.展开更多
Polyethylene （PE） films are treated using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet （APPJ） with He or He/O2 gas for different periods of time. The influence of gas type on the plasma polymer interactions is studied. The ...Polyethylene （PE） films are treated using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet （APPJ） with He or He/O2 gas for different periods of time. The influence of gas type on the plasma polymer interactions is studied. The surface contact angle of the PE film can be effectively lowered to 58° after 20 s of He/O2 plasma treatment and then remains almost unchanged for longer treatment durations, while, for He plasma treatment, the film surface contact angle drops gradually to 47° when the time reaches 120 s. Atomic force microscopy （AFM） results show that the root mean square （RMS） roughness was significantly higher for the He/O2 plasma treated samples than for the He plasma treated counterparts, and the surface topography of the He/O2 plasma treated PE films displays evenly distributed dome-shaped small protuberances. Chemical composition analysis reveals that the He plasma treated samples have a higher oxygen content but a clearly lower percentage of COO than the comparable He/O2 treated samples, suggesting that differences exist in the mode of incorporating oxygen between the two gas condition plasma treatments. Electron spin resonance （ESR） results show that the free radical concentrations of the He plasma treated samples were clearly higher than those of the He/O2 plasma treated ones with other conditions unchanged.展开更多
The three stages in the hot-drawing process of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene gel films can be detected by x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, birefringence and scanning electron microscopy. In the firs...The three stages in the hot-drawing process of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene gel films can be detected by x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, birefringence and scanning electron microscopy. In the first stage of the drawing process, the lamellae in the gel films rotate and/or slip with the b-axis preferentially perpendicular to the drawing direction. With increased drawing, the c-axis of the lamellae become parallel to the stretching direction while unfolding of the chain begins, and the chains of the amorphous phase also orient along the drawing direction in the strain-chain domain. When the draw ratio is large enough, the lamellar structure is transformed into a fibrillar structure in a two-dimensional fashion.展开更多
In water deficit area, judicious use of water is essential for increasing area under crop production with limited water supply. Film Mulching has been advocated as an effective means for conserving soil moisture in ri...In water deficit area, judicious use of water is essential for increasing area under crop production with limited water supply. Film Mulching has been advocated as an effective means for conserving soil moisture in rice production. The effects of high density polyethylene (HDPE) film on increasing rice production, controlling weeds and residue amount of plastic were studied under five treatments, including 5, 10, 15 and 20 μm thickness as well as bare cultivation (CK). The results indicated that the HDPE film mulching mode had significant effects on weed control, soil temperature, soil moisture, photosynthetic rate, seedling biomass, yield and residues of plastic film. Combined with economic effect, it showed that the HDPE film of 10 μm is the best option for rice production.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.303523)。
文摘CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state density and serious charge recombination between low-temperature processed TiO_(2)film and inorganic perovskite layer interface seriously restrict the performance of all-inorganic PSCs.Here a thin polyethylene oxide(PEO)layer is employed to modify TiO_(2)film to passivate traps and promote carrier collection.The impacts of PEO layer on microstructure and photoelectric characteristics of TiO_(2)film and related devices are systematically studied.Characterization results suggest that PEO modification can reduce the surface roughness of TiO_(2)film,decrease its average surface potential,and passivate trap states.At optimal conditions,the champion efficiency of CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with PEO-modified TiO_(2)(PEO-PSCs)has been improved to 11.24%from 9.03%of reference PSCs.Moreover,the hysteresis behavior and charge recombination have been suppressed in PEO-PSCs.
基金Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of China(No.2005-383)
文摘Hybrid materials were prepared using a silane coupling agent, tetraethoxysilane （ TEOS ） as the precursor, dilute hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, and epoxy as the matrices. The films coated with hybrid materials were expected to improve abrasion resistance and mechanical properties. The morphology, mechanical properties, adhesion, and abrasion resistance of the polyethylene terephthalate （PET） films were characterized using an atomic force microscope, a tensile testing machine, a bagger knife, and a reciprocating fabric abrasion tester. The result of research indicated that the modification significantly affected the abrasion resistance and roughness. The-tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the modified PET films increased by 40% and 50% respectively at 3 % TEOS mass fraction.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Foundation from Education Ministry of China (No. 20040056037).
文摘Pattern analysis method was used to study DC breakdown characteristics of low-density polyethylene （LDPE） film and high-density polyethylene （HDPE） film, with particular attention paid to the breakdown phenomenon identification. The breakdown pattern （BP） was recorded by a monocular-video-zoom microscope. The records showed that the effective area of BP was almost identical to the types of electrodes. The effective area od. The diameter was obtained by a mathematical was calculated by a mathematical integral methstatistic method. The study revealed that the DC breakdown voltage of LDPE was lower than that of HDPE. The diameter and effective area of LDPE were smaller than those of HDPE, but it is opposite for the condition of the needle-plane electrode with plane electrode grounded. As for the needle-plane electrode, the diameter and effective area with the films near the needle electrode were smaller than those near the plane electrode, and those in the middle of air gap were between them. As for the sphere-plane electrode, the diameter and effective area with the films near the plane electrode were smaller than those near the sphere electrode, and those in the middle of air gap were between them.
基金Supported by Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202210580015).
文摘Microplastic is a new kind of pollutant.It exists widely in the aquatic environment and seriously endangers the aquatic ecosystem.In this study,the coagulating sedimentation method was used to remove microplastics in water.Polyethylene(PE)was selected as the representative of microplastics,polyferric sulfate(PFS),polyaluminum chloride(PAC)and aluminum sulfate(AS)were used as coagulant,and polyacrylamide(PAM)was used as coagulant aid to study the effects of pH,coagulant concentration and sedimentation time on the removal of PE by single and composite coagulant.The results showed that when the dosage of PFS was 0.5 g/L and pH was 5.0,the removal rate could reach 82.14%,which was better than PAC and AS,indicating that PFS had better coagulation and sedimentation performance for PE;the composite coagulant of PFS+PAC+AS(1 g/L+0.2 g/L+0.2 g/L,pH was 5.0)had the highest removal rate of PE,reaching 96.06%;the removal rate of PE increased with the increase in sedimentation time,but considering that the longer sedimentation time has less contribution to the improvement of removal rate,it is recommended that 4 h is appropriate.
文摘Lanthanum-rhodamine (6G and B) complexes were synthesized by Rheological Phase Reaction Method. Lanthanum-rhodamine (6G and B) complexes doped polyethylene films which have a function of lights-conversion were prepared. The emission and excitation spectra were measured. The experiments of growing seedling and culture were carried out in the shed built with doped and undoped polyethylene films. Lanthanum-rhodamine doped polyethylene films which have a function of lights-conversion can efficiently convert the green light in the sunlight to the red light for photosynthesis of crops, to promote the maturing of crops and raise the yield of crops.
文摘Nano-sized TiO2 doped La^3＋ , was used as photocatalysis to degrade polyethylene （PE） film in solid-state reaction. It made PE lose its mass fraction of 14.5%, and formed more quantities of CO2 and more wax yields after UV irradiation for 288 h. SEM imagines displayed more and bigger holes and pits in the PE film. FT-IR spectra showed that there is a lower absorbance of groups of - CH2 and - CH3 in PE/ TiO2 and 0. 1% La2O3/TiO2/PE composite materials than that in PE film sample of photodegradation, and more carbonyl groups in PE/0.1% LaEO3/TiO2. La^3＋ doping TiO2 improves TiO2 activities of oxidation and erosion of PE film under UV irradiation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Nos.JUSRP1044 and JUSRP1045)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51203062 and 51302110)the Cooperative Innovation Fund,Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Nos.BY2012064,BY2013015-31 and BY2013015-32)
文摘Polyethylene （PE） films are treated using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet （APPJ） with He or He/O2 gas for different periods of time. The influence of gas type on the plasma polymer interactions is studied. The surface contact angle of the PE film can be effectively lowered to 58° after 20 s of He/O2 plasma treatment and then remains almost unchanged for longer treatment durations, while, for He plasma treatment, the film surface contact angle drops gradually to 47° when the time reaches 120 s. Atomic force microscopy （AFM） results show that the root mean square （RMS） roughness was significantly higher for the He/O2 plasma treated samples than for the He plasma treated counterparts, and the surface topography of the He/O2 plasma treated PE films displays evenly distributed dome-shaped small protuberances. Chemical composition analysis reveals that the He plasma treated samples have a higher oxygen content but a clearly lower percentage of COO than the comparable He/O2 treated samples, suggesting that differences exist in the mode of incorporating oxygen between the two gas condition plasma treatments. Electron spin resonance （ESR） results show that the free radical concentrations of the He plasma treated samples were clearly higher than those of the He/O2 plasma treated ones with other conditions unchanged.
文摘The three stages in the hot-drawing process of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene gel films can be detected by x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, birefringence and scanning electron microscopy. In the first stage of the drawing process, the lamellae in the gel films rotate and/or slip with the b-axis preferentially perpendicular to the drawing direction. With increased drawing, the c-axis of the lamellae become parallel to the stretching direction while unfolding of the chain begins, and the chains of the amorphous phase also orient along the drawing direction in the strain-chain domain. When the draw ratio is large enough, the lamellar structure is transformed into a fibrillar structure in a two-dimensional fashion.
文摘In water deficit area, judicious use of water is essential for increasing area under crop production with limited water supply. Film Mulching has been advocated as an effective means for conserving soil moisture in rice production. The effects of high density polyethylene (HDPE) film on increasing rice production, controlling weeds and residue amount of plastic were studied under five treatments, including 5, 10, 15 and 20 μm thickness as well as bare cultivation (CK). The results indicated that the HDPE film mulching mode had significant effects on weed control, soil temperature, soil moisture, photosynthetic rate, seedling biomass, yield and residues of plastic film. Combined with economic effect, it showed that the HDPE film of 10 μm is the best option for rice production.
