Hollow calcium carbonate ( CaCO3 ) microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate ( Tween20 ) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The microspheres w...Hollow calcium carbonate ( CaCO3 ) microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate ( Tween20 ) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The microspheres were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The X-ray diffraction data showed that the hollow CaCO3 microsphere consisted of calcite crystals. The influence of Tween20 and SDS concentrations on the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was investigated. The results suggested that the "core-shell model" of Tween20/SDS micelle aggregated as templates, which could control the growth of hollow CaCO3 microspheres. The interaction between mixed surfactants and calcium ions played a critical role in organizing calcium carbonate in microscopic level.展开更多
The usability of polyoxyethylene stearate with 10 ethylene epoxides(POES 10) as lubricant in warp sizing was investigated for replacing sizing cream in order to prevent blockage of paste delivery tube.The influences o...The usability of polyoxyethylene stearate with 10 ethylene epoxides(POES 10) as lubricant in warp sizing was investigated for replacing sizing cream in order to prevent blockage of paste delivery tube.The influences of POES 10 and sizing cream upon the adhesion of starch to fibers and the performances of starch film were measured and compared.Then,the usability of POES 10 as lubricant was evaluated through the comparison between POES 10 and sizing cream in tensile behaviors,abrasion resistance,and hairiness of sized cotton yarns.The experimental observation demonstrates that the influence of POES 10 upon the adhesion is similar to that of sizing cream.POES 10 is superior to sizing cream in tensile strength and breaking elongation of starch film when mass content of lubricants is equal to or exceeds 2%.Incorporating POES 10 into starch makes starch film more resistant to wear.Furthermore,POES 10 is preferred to sizing cream in the increase in tensile strength,loss in elongation,and abrasion resistance of sized cotton yarns.Using POES 10 as lubricant in size formulation is favorable to the decrease of longer hairs on sized yarns.POES 10 exhibits potential use during cotton warp sizing for replacing sizing cream.展开更多
Spin-lattice relaxation time, spin-spin relaxation time and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (2D NOESY) experiments of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij-35) micelles in aqueous solutions at...Spin-lattice relaxation time, spin-spin relaxation time and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (2D NOESY) experiments of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij-35) micelles in aqueous solutions at a concentration of 100 times the critical micellar concentration (cmc) give direct evidence that the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains, staying in the exterior of the micellar core, are coiled, bent and aligned around the micellar core with a certain number of water molecules included. This hydrophilic layer is in contact with the solvent, water, keeping the micellar solution stable. 1H NMR relaxation time measurements show that the first oxyethylene group next to the alkyl chain participates in the formation of the surface area of the micellar core. The motion of the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains is less restricted as compared with the hydrophobic alkyl chains.展开更多
Polyoxyethylene glycerol ricinoleate(PGR) serves as a solubilizer/emulsifier that is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations despite being associated with severe anaphylactoid hypersensitivity reactions.Cremophor...Polyoxyethylene glycerol ricinoleate(PGR) serves as a solubilizer/emulsifier that is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations despite being associated with severe anaphylactoid hypersensitivity reactions.Cremophor EL?(CrEL) is the most representative PGR produced from reacting ethylene oxide with castor oil.To help clarify the cause of side effects and potentially improve the safety of PGR-based drug delivery vehicle,we have developed separate but related analytical methods for the quantitation of CrEL and its main metabolites,glycerol ethoxylate(GE) and ricinoleic acid(RA).Since CrEL and GE are highly disperse mixtures of polymers that are not amenable to analysis by conventional liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),we used liquid chromatography-triple-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-Q-TOF MS) combined with product ion data acquisition by MSALLand sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragments mass spectrometry(SWATH MS),respectively to perform the analysis.In contrast,RA is a single molecular entity that could be readily analyzed using conventional LC-HR MS/MS.Selection of specific fragment ions for CrEL,GE,RA and their internal standards enabled a precise quantitation of such a complex analytes system in rat plasma after a single and simple sample preparation method.Assay validation indicated linearity for CrEL,GE and RA over the concentration ranges 0.2~20.0 μg/mL,0.1~10.0 μg/mL and 0.1~20.0 μg/m L,respectively with satisfactory results for other validation parameters.A subsequent pharmacokinetic study involving single intravenous 200 mg/kg injections of CrEL to rats showed the methods enable comprehensive and high throughput quantitation of CrEL and its metabolites in a biological matrix.Our combination of assays provides effective application in investigating the cause of the hypersensitivity reaction of PGR and potentially to improve its safety for using as a vehicle in drug formulations.展开更多
Microemulsion systems, composed of water, isopropyl myristate (IPM), polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate (Tween 85 ), and ethanol, were investigated as transdermal drug delivery vehicles for a lipophilic model drug...Microemulsion systems, composed of water, isopropyl myristate (IPM), polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate (Tween 85 ), and ethanol, were investigated as transdermal drug delivery vehicles for a lipophilic model drug( meloxicam). The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemieal properties of the tested microemulsion and to find the correlation between the physicoehemical properties and the skin permeation rate of the microemulsion. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the investigated system at a constant surfactant/cosurfactant mass ratio ( Km = 1 : 1 ) was constructed by titration at 20℃, and the five fommlations were selected for further research in the o/w microemulsion domains. The values of electrical conductivity and viscosity showed that the selected systems were bicontinuous or non-spherical o/w microemulsion, and the electrical conductivity and viscosity were increased with increasing the content of water. These results suggest that the optimum formulation of microemulsion, containing 0. 375 meloxicam, 5% isopropyl myristate, 25% Tween 85. 25% ethanol, and water, showed the maximum permeation rate. It had a high electrical conductivity, small droplet size, and proper viscocity.展开更多
Targeting the problem of available water conservation in sand fixation, the sand-fixing and grass-planting materials were prepared with clay modified by emulsifying vegetable waxes and octylphenol polyoxyethylene eth...Targeting the problem of available water conservation in sand fixation, the sand-fixing and grass-planting materials were prepared with clay modified by emulsifying vegetable waxes and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP4). The water retention property was studied in simulating desertification environmental climate and the materials were characterized by means of UV-Vis, SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA measurements. The experimental result showed that the materials had excellent water retention properties, due to that vegetable waxes adhered evenly to clay particle surfaces, made the clay pores changing from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and so inhibited the water evaporation. Grass-planting experiment showed that, with reasonable mass ratio of clay, vegetable waxes and surfactant, the materials not only inhibited water evaporation but also maintained sound air permeability so shat the germination rate and survival rate of grass were significantly improved.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of available water conservation in desertification ecological restoration, we prepared the water retention materials with montmorillonite(MMT) modified by Castor Oil Polyoxyethylene Ether(10)...Aiming at the problem of available water conservation in desertification ecological restoration, we prepared the water retention materials with montmorillonite(MMT) modified by Castor Oil Polyoxyethylene Ether(10)(EL-10) emulsifying vegetable waxes. The water retention property was studied in simulated desertification climate, and the materials were analyzed and characterized by UV-Vis, SEM, FTIR and XRD measurements. Moreover, a UV carbon arc lamp was used to test the resistance to aging. The experimental results show that the emulsion has good dispersity. Both the water retention property and the aging resistance performance of the modified clay were excellent. The lamellar structure and chemical composition of MMT had no obvious changes before and after modification. The surfaces of clay particles were coated uniformly with modified MMT, so the loose clay particles were cemented together by vegetable waxes. Meanwhile, the original big hydrophilic pores between the clay particles turned into capillary hydrophobic pores. So the clay particles formed a bonding layer which could inhibit water evaporation. Grass-planting experiment showed that reasonable mass ratio of vegetable waxes and EL-10 was 1:18. The materials not only had great water retention property but also maintained sound air permeability so that the germination rate of grass seed significantly increased from 8% to 52%.展开更多
We investigated the hydroxyl and saponification values of 27 samples of Polysorbate 60 products that were commercially available worldwide. We observed that the values of most of the studied samples were not within th...We investigated the hydroxyl and saponification values of 27 samples of Polysorbate 60 products that were commercially available worldwide. We observed that the values of most of the studied samples were not within the range established at the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), while they did agree with the specifications described in the USA, the EU and Japan. We believe that purities of the new commercial Polysorbate 60 samples are higher than those of the older products which were available when the JECFA specifications were discussed (around 1973). The present study suggests that the hydroxyl and saponification values of the current JECFA specifications for Polysorbate 60 should be re-evaluated.展开更多
In the polyoxyethylene(PEO)-based solid-state electrolytes,the low ionic conductivity of lithium ions limits its application in solid-state lithium batteries,so optimizing the conduction path of lithium ions is benefi...In the polyoxyethylene(PEO)-based solid-state electrolytes,the low ionic conductivity of lithium ions limits its application in solid-state lithium batteries,so optimizing the conduction path of lithium ions is beneficial to improve the ionic conductivity.In this work,we report the use of hydrothermal carbon nano-sphere(HCS)modified glass fibers(GF)as a functional filler(GF@HCS)to improve the ionic conductivity of PEO composite solidstate electrolytes.The oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups on the surface of HCS can be complexed with Li ions as its transport sites,which means that it can promote the longdistance transport of Li ions along the glass fiber surface.With addition of 2 wt%GF@HCS fillers,the degree of crystallinity of PEO composite solid-state electrolyte is the smallest,and the ionic conductivity is significantly increased from 8.9×10^(-5) to 4.4×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1) at 60℃.Moreover,the PEO composite solid-state electrolyte exhibits better lithium-metal interface stability in symmetric lithium batteries and superior rate performance in LiFePO4 solid-state batteries.展开更多
基金Supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2082021)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (2011BAE06B06-2)
文摘Hollow calcium carbonate ( CaCO3 ) microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate ( Tween20 ) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The microspheres were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The X-ray diffraction data showed that the hollow CaCO3 microsphere consisted of calcite crystals. The influence of Tween20 and SDS concentrations on the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was investigated. The results suggested that the "core-shell model" of Tween20/SDS micelle aggregated as templates, which could control the growth of hollow CaCO3 microspheres. The interaction between mixed surfactants and calcium ions played a critical role in organizing calcium carbonate in microscopic level.
基金Research Foundation Program of Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of College and University at the Provincial Level of Anhui,China (No.TD200710)
文摘The usability of polyoxyethylene stearate with 10 ethylene epoxides(POES 10) as lubricant in warp sizing was investigated for replacing sizing cream in order to prevent blockage of paste delivery tube.The influences of POES 10 and sizing cream upon the adhesion of starch to fibers and the performances of starch film were measured and compared.Then,the usability of POES 10 as lubricant was evaluated through the comparison between POES 10 and sizing cream in tensile behaviors,abrasion resistance,and hairiness of sized cotton yarns.The experimental observation demonstrates that the influence of POES 10 upon the adhesion is similar to that of sizing cream.POES 10 is superior to sizing cream in tensile strength and breaking elongation of starch film when mass content of lubricants is equal to or exceeds 2%.Incorporating POES 10 into starch makes starch film more resistant to wear.Furthermore,POES 10 is preferred to sizing cream in the increase in tensile strength,loss in elongation,and abrasion resistance of sized cotton yarns.Using POES 10 as lubricant in size formulation is favorable to the decrease of longer hairs on sized yarns.POES 10 exhibits potential use during cotton warp sizing for replacing sizing cream.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program "Fundamental Studies of the Extensively Enhanced Petroleum Recovery" (Grant No. G199022504) .
文摘Spin-lattice relaxation time, spin-spin relaxation time and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (2D NOESY) experiments of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij-35) micelles in aqueous solutions at a concentration of 100 times the critical micellar concentration (cmc) give direct evidence that the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains, staying in the exterior of the micellar core, are coiled, bent and aligned around the micellar core with a certain number of water molecules included. This hydrophilic layer is in contact with the solvent, water, keeping the micellar solution stable. 1H NMR relaxation time measurements show that the first oxyethylene group next to the alkyl chain participates in the formation of the surface area of the micellar core. The motion of the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains is less restricted as compared with the hydrophobic alkyl chains.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81872831 and 82030107)the National Science and Technology Major Projects for “significant new drugs creation” of the 13th five-year plan (Nos.2017ZX09101001 and 2018ZX09721002007, China)。
文摘Polyoxyethylene glycerol ricinoleate(PGR) serves as a solubilizer/emulsifier that is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations despite being associated with severe anaphylactoid hypersensitivity reactions.Cremophor EL?(CrEL) is the most representative PGR produced from reacting ethylene oxide with castor oil.To help clarify the cause of side effects and potentially improve the safety of PGR-based drug delivery vehicle,we have developed separate but related analytical methods for the quantitation of CrEL and its main metabolites,glycerol ethoxylate(GE) and ricinoleic acid(RA).Since CrEL and GE are highly disperse mixtures of polymers that are not amenable to analysis by conventional liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),we used liquid chromatography-triple-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-Q-TOF MS) combined with product ion data acquisition by MSALLand sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragments mass spectrometry(SWATH MS),respectively to perform the analysis.In contrast,RA is a single molecular entity that could be readily analyzed using conventional LC-HR MS/MS.Selection of specific fragment ions for CrEL,GE,RA and their internal standards enabled a precise quantitation of such a complex analytes system in rat plasma after a single and simple sample preparation method.Assay validation indicated linearity for CrEL,GE and RA over the concentration ranges 0.2~20.0 μg/mL,0.1~10.0 μg/mL and 0.1~20.0 μg/m L,respectively with satisfactory results for other validation parameters.A subsequent pharmacokinetic study involving single intravenous 200 mg/kg injections of CrEL to rats showed the methods enable comprehensive and high throughput quantitation of CrEL and its metabolites in a biological matrix.Our combination of assays provides effective application in investigating the cause of the hypersensitivity reaction of PGR and potentially to improve its safety for using as a vehicle in drug formulations.
基金Supported by of the "863" Program of China(No 2003AA2Z347C)
文摘Microemulsion systems, composed of water, isopropyl myristate (IPM), polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate (Tween 85 ), and ethanol, were investigated as transdermal drug delivery vehicles for a lipophilic model drug( meloxicam). The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemieal properties of the tested microemulsion and to find the correlation between the physicoehemical properties and the skin permeation rate of the microemulsion. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the investigated system at a constant surfactant/cosurfactant mass ratio ( Km = 1 : 1 ) was constructed by titration at 20℃, and the five fommlations were selected for further research in the o/w microemulsion domains. The values of electrical conductivity and viscosity showed that the selected systems were bicontinuous or non-spherical o/w microemulsion, and the electrical conductivity and viscosity were increased with increasing the content of water. These results suggest that the optimum formulation of microemulsion, containing 0. 375 meloxicam, 5% isopropyl myristate, 25% Tween 85. 25% ethanol, and water, showed the maximum permeation rate. It had a high electrical conductivity, small droplet size, and proper viscocity.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50772131)the Main Project of Ministry of Education of China(No.106086)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)(No.2010YJ05)
文摘Targeting the problem of available water conservation in sand fixation, the sand-fixing and grass-planting materials were prepared with clay modified by emulsifying vegetable waxes and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP4). The water retention property was studied in simulating desertification environmental climate and the materials were characterized by means of UV-Vis, SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA measurements. The experimental result showed that the materials had excellent water retention properties, due to that vegetable waxes adhered evenly to clay particle surfaces, made the clay pores changing from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and so inhibited the water evaporation. Grass-planting experiment showed that, with reasonable mass ratio of clay, vegetable waxes and surfactant, the materials not only inhibited water evaporation but also maintained sound air permeability so shat the germination rate and survival rate of grass were significantly improved.
基金Funded by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2001AA322100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50772131)+1 种基金the Main Project of Ministry of Education of China(No.106086)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)(No.2012YJ05)
文摘Aiming at the problem of available water conservation in desertification ecological restoration, we prepared the water retention materials with montmorillonite(MMT) modified by Castor Oil Polyoxyethylene Ether(10)(EL-10) emulsifying vegetable waxes. The water retention property was studied in simulated desertification climate, and the materials were analyzed and characterized by UV-Vis, SEM, FTIR and XRD measurements. Moreover, a UV carbon arc lamp was used to test the resistance to aging. The experimental results show that the emulsion has good dispersity. Both the water retention property and the aging resistance performance of the modified clay were excellent. The lamellar structure and chemical composition of MMT had no obvious changes before and after modification. The surfaces of clay particles were coated uniformly with modified MMT, so the loose clay particles were cemented together by vegetable waxes. Meanwhile, the original big hydrophilic pores between the clay particles turned into capillary hydrophobic pores. So the clay particles formed a bonding layer which could inhibit water evaporation. Grass-planting experiment showed that reasonable mass ratio of vegetable waxes and EL-10 was 1:18. The materials not only had great water retention property but also maintained sound air permeability so that the germination rate of grass seed significantly increased from 8% to 52%.
文摘We investigated the hydroxyl and saponification values of 27 samples of Polysorbate 60 products that were commercially available worldwide. We observed that the values of most of the studied samples were not within the range established at the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), while they did agree with the specifications described in the USA, the EU and Japan. We believe that purities of the new commercial Polysorbate 60 samples are higher than those of the older products which were available when the JECFA specifications were discussed (around 1973). The present study suggests that the hydroxyl and saponification values of the current JECFA specifications for Polysorbate 60 should be re-evaluated.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21875195,22021001 and 52172184)。
文摘In the polyoxyethylene(PEO)-based solid-state electrolytes,the low ionic conductivity of lithium ions limits its application in solid-state lithium batteries,so optimizing the conduction path of lithium ions is beneficial to improve the ionic conductivity.In this work,we report the use of hydrothermal carbon nano-sphere(HCS)modified glass fibers(GF)as a functional filler(GF@HCS)to improve the ionic conductivity of PEO composite solidstate electrolytes.The oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups on the surface of HCS can be complexed with Li ions as its transport sites,which means that it can promote the longdistance transport of Li ions along the glass fiber surface.With addition of 2 wt%GF@HCS fillers,the degree of crystallinity of PEO composite solid-state electrolyte is the smallest,and the ionic conductivity is significantly increased from 8.9×10^(-5) to 4.4×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1) at 60℃.Moreover,the PEO composite solid-state electrolyte exhibits better lithium-metal interface stability in symmetric lithium batteries and superior rate performance in LiFePO4 solid-state batteries.